An Introduction to Entomology: Vol. 4 / or Elements of the Natural History of the Insects

by William Kirby; William Spence

FOREIGN PROVINCIAL NAMES AND TERMS.

• Aguautle i. [301].
• Alkermes i. [319].
• Asseen i. [334].
• Bamburos i. [330].
• Bedeguar i. [448]. iv. [225].
• Bemärkelse-mask i. [33].
• Bête de la Vierge i. [266].
• Bête Rouge i. [104].
• Blaazops ii. [391].
• Brulot i. [110].
• Brumm-Vogel ii. [374].
• Byer i. [334].
• Cadelle i. [172]. iii. [142].
• Cafafi i. [128].
• Cancrelas i. [269].
• Cangrejos ii. [412].
• Cantaride de' Gigli ii. [257].
• Chenille i. [185].
• Cheveux de Florence i. [287].
• Chigoe i. [49], 101.
• Chinche i. [106].
• Choni-la-chu i. [327].
• Ciron des paupières i. [88].
• Clairène iv. [213].
• Coddia i. [123].
• Comegen i. [241].
• Cooltee i. [177].
• Coya or Coyba i. [132].
• Cucuij ii. [408].
• Cupia i. [309].
• Demoiselles i. [276].
• Dibben Fashook i. [315].
• Dragées iv. [213].
• Droguers or Draguers i. [248].
• Dupions iii. [218].
• Faux Couvain iv. [211].
• Fils de la Vierge ii. [331].
• Gards-drag ii. [271].
• Gram i. [177].
• Grillo ii. [297].
• Grugru i. [302].
• Harpions iv. [212].
• Heer-wurm ii. [8].
• Hufen i. [168].
• Hummel-Biene i. [378].
• Jiggers i. [101].
• Joharré i. [173].
• Kakerlac i. [263].
• Kan-la-chu i. [327].
• Kermes i. [319].
• Koloo i. [177].
• Lierman ii. [399].
• Luzette or Luisette iv. [213].
• Macauco i. [303].
• Mantas blancas i. [128].
• Maringouins i. [112].
• Morts blancs iv. [212].
• Mosquito i. [112], [118].
• Moustique i. [112].
• Moutac i. [303].
• Muscardine iv. [213].
• Nigua i. [101].
• Nopaleros i. [322].
• Noya i. [123].
• Passis iv. [212].
• Paxtle i. [322].
• Pela i. [327].
• Pique i. [101].
• Quabirámy' i. [329].
• Rouge (La) iv. [212].
• Rouleuses iii. [206].
• Sackträger i. [461]. iii. [251].
• Saftmaal i. [297].
• Semilla i. [322].
• Skarnbosse i. [34].
• Stâkra i. [149].
• Stamm-raupe ii. [428].
• Sultan Jaraad ii. [17].
• Tama-joura i. [309].
• Tardigrade iii. [22].
• Teignes à fourreau à manteau i. [459].
• Temazealla i. [323].
• Temporaneros i. [118].
• Tendaraman i. [127].
• Tets de choux i. [189].
• Tola or Thola i. [319].
• Torbist i. [34].
• Touffe iv. [212].
• Tripes iv. [212].
• Tsalt-salya i. [153].
• Tuna de Castilla i. [322].
• Tungua i. [101].
• Tusseldhootie i. [334].
• Vaches à Dieu i. [266].
• Vinaigrier i. [67].
• Voupristi i. [156].
• Wurm-tröchniss i. [213].
• Zancudo i. [118].
• Zimb i. [153]. ii. [376].

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ENGLISH INDEX.

• Abstinence of insects, i. [398].
• Acariasis, disease so called, i. [97]; iv. [232], [234].
• Acid, acetic, iv. [144]:
  bombic, iv. [145]:
  formic, iv. [144]:
  malic, iv. [144].
• Acorns, attacked by insects, i. [214].
• Acridophagi, i. [304].
• Ælian, iv. [435].
• Aëroscepsy, iii. [46]; iv. [248], [253].
• Affinity, iv. [366]:
  object of, [411].
• Air-reservoirs, iv. [54], [191].
• Aldrovandus, iv. [438].
• Anableps, singular fish, iii. [498].
• Amnios and Chorion, analogue of in insects, iii. [61].
• Analogies in nature, kinds of, iv. [427]:
  object of, [417]:
  scale of in insects, [421].
• Analogies, i. [7]; iv. [414].
• Analogy, argument from, iv. [245].
• Analysis (chemical) of insect substance, iii. [394].
• Anbury, i. [450].
• Animals, classifications of, iii. [2]. ---- annulose, iii. [13]; iv. [436]:
  insectivorous, i. [261].
• Ant, black, ii. [48]:
  fire, i. [122]:
  green, [122]:
  hill or horse, [234]; ii. [48], [96]:
  jet, [48], [97]:
  mason, [96]:
  miner, [79]:
  parasol, i. [209]:
  red, ii. [48], [69]:
  rufescent, [76]:
  sanguine, [81]:
  sugar, i. [183]:
  turf, ii. [93]:
  visitation, i. [123], [273]:
  yellow, ii. [48], [89].
• Anteater, i. [281].
• Antennæ, iii. [508]:
  whether analogous to ears, [46]. iv. [240].
• Antipathies, natural, i. [143].
• Antlion, i. [425].
• Ants, love of their young, i. [364]:
  nests, [476]:
  swarms, ii. [51]:
  language, [59]:
  wars, [68]:
  slaves, [74]:
  milch-cattle or Aphides, [87]:
  emigrations, [91]:
  recruits, [92]:
  roads, [97]:
  strength, [99]:
  diversions,103:
  diseases of, iv. [208].
• —— (white), ravages of, i. [244]:
  nests, [506]:
  history, ii. [31]:
  colonies, [34]:
  number of eggs, [36]:
  soldiers, [39]:
  sounds of, [41].
• Aphides. See [Plant-lice].
• Apparatus for taking and destroying insects, iv. [528].
• Apple, attacked by insects, i. [199].
• Apricots, attacked by insects, i. [202].
• Arachnida, how they differ from insects, iii. [10]:
  their respiration, iv. [60]:
  circulation, [99]:
  liver and intestinal canal, [122].
• Aristotle's system of animals, iii. [2]:
  of insects, iv. [432].
• Armadillo, feeds on locusts, i. [281].
• Armour (defensive) of insects, ii. [222].
• Arms, fore legs why so called, iii. [544].
• Arrows (poisoned), how prepared, i. [133].
• Articulations of legs, iii. [654], [663], [669], [680].
• Artifices (defensive) of insects, ii. [254].
• Aspect (defensive) of insects, ii. [221].
• Ass, remarkable anecdote of, ii. [496]. note.
• Attitudes (defensive) of insects, ii. [229].
• Aurelia, i. [65].
• Baits, (insect) for Fishes, i. [286].
• Barley, destroyed by insects, i. [173].
• Beans and Peas, destroyed by insects, i. [175].
• Bee, carpenter, i. [436]:
  clothier, i. [435]:
  leaf-cutter, [36], [194], [442]:
  mason, [438]:
  poppy, [440].
• Bees (hive), affection for their young, i. [376]:
  combs, [481]:
  fables respecting, ii. [120]:
  females, [122]:
  larvæ of workers, how turned to females, [127]:
  weight and bulk, [126]:
  jealousy and battles of the female or queen, [140]:
  her appearance how retarded, [144]:
  homage paid her, [149]:
  effects produced by the loss of her, [150]:
  sound emitted by her, [383]:
  fecundation, [169]; iv. [167]:
  swarms, ii. [158]:
  males, number of, [168]:
  slaughter of, [170]:
  workers, tongue of, [174]:
  wax-pockets, [175]:
  collection of honey and pollen, [175]:
  excursions, [184]:
  scouts, [186]:
  ventilation of their hive, [190]:
  language, [197]:
  anger and battles, [199], [204]:
  enemies, i. [163]; ii. [205]:
  temperature, [209], [441]; iv. [77]:
  modifications of their instinct, ii. [475]:
  degree of intellect, [489], [507]; iv. [32]:
  diseases, [211]:
  kinds of, i. [330].
• Beetle, pertinacity of one, ii. [232]:
  asparagus, i. [192]:
  bacon, i. [228]:
  bloody-nose, ii. [244], [317]:
  burying, i. [352]; iv. [262]:
  darkling, ii. [239]:
  death-watch, i. [36]; ii. [381]:
  lily, [257]:
  meal-worm, i. [227]:
  oil, ii. [247]:
  poplar, [242]:
  rhinoceros, iv. [11]:
  rove, i. [228]; ii. [234], [241]:
  turnip, i. [187]:
  vine 204; iv. [512].
• Beetles, blister, i. [38], [315]; ii. [224]:
  bombardier, [243]; iv. [134], [149]:
  capricorn, i. [235], [302]; ii. [387]:
  carnivorous, iv. [138]:
  carrion, ii. [239]:
  dung or pill, i. [351]; ii. [231], [254]; iii. [441], [455]:
  elastic, ii. [313]:
  herbivorous, iv. [138]:
  knot-grass, [169]:
  petalocerous, iv. [408]:
  lamellicorn, iv. [251], [308], [435]:
  predaceous, i. [271]; ii. [317]; iv. [401], [418]:
  rove, ii. [234], [241], [302]:
  stag, [221], [224]; iv. [197]:
  tiger, iii. [152]:
  timber and labyrinth, i. [212], [235], [452]; ii. [232]:
  tortoise, ii. [258]:
  water, i. [271]; ii. [359]; iii. [121], [455]; iv. [263].
• Bile-vessels of insects, iv. [109].
• Black-jack, what, i. [187].
• Blood, showers of, caused by moths, i. [34]:
  of insects, iv. [85], [97].
• Boatman (water), i. [107], [275].
• Bonnet, iv. [455].
• Book-crab, iv. [236].
• Books, attacked by insects, i. [239].
• Bots, i. [147].
• Boxes (store), described, iv. [537].
• —— breeding, iv. [553].
• Brain, Acarus found in, i. [141]:
  of insects, iv. [8].
• Breese, i. [147].
• Bridle, spinal, iv. [18].
• Bug, bed, i. [106]:
  chintz, [171]:
  field, affection for its young, i. [359]:
  harvest, [103]:
  red, [185]:
  water, i. [275]; ii. [360]:
  wheel, i. [108].
• Bugs, galls of, i. [451]:
  their scent, ii. [240].
• Buprestis of the ancients, what, i. [155].
• Butcher Bird, i. [288].
• Butterflies, blues, iii. [650]:
  coppers, [650]:
  fritillaries, [252], [651]:
  skippers, ii. [301]:
  Trojans and Grecians, iii. [302]:
  mode in which their caterpillars suspend themselves when about to assume the pupa, [206].
• Butterfly, admiral, iii. [84], [114]:
  Adonis, i. [41]; iii. [650]:
  brimstone, [259]:
  cabbage, i. [189]; ii. [11]; iv. [24], [228]:
  Glanville fritillary, iii. [114]:
  hawthorn, [98]:
  large skipper, ii. [301]: mountain, iii. [149]:
  nettle, [252]:
  orange-tip, [253]:
  painted lady, [260]:
  peacock, i. [9]; iii. [213]:
  purple emperor or high-flier, iv. [512], [530]:
  silver-washed fritillary, iii. [252]:
  swallow-tail, ii. [242], [291]; iii. [212]:
  tortoiseshell, iii. [110].
• Cabbage tribe, insect assailants of, i. [189].
• Cabinet, directions for making, iv. [556].
• Camphor, how to be used, iv. [559].
• Carrots and Parsnips, injured by a centipede, i. [185].
• Carus C. G. discovered a circulation in larvæ, &c. iv. [91].
• Case or Caddis worms, i. [465]; ii. [261], [298].
• Cased-nymphs, i. [67].
• Catching insects, directions for, iv. [528].
• Caterpillars, diseases of, iv. [214]:
  how best destroyed, i. [30]:
  how to preserve, [551]:
  processionary, ii. [23]:
  teazel, iii. [275]:
  surveyors, attitudes of, ii. [233]:
  what insects destroy, i. [268]; iv. [228]:
  spurious, ii. [285]:
  clothing of, iii. [173].
• Cattle, insects that attack, i. [145].
• Caul of insects, iv. [98], [151].
• Centipedes, i. [126], [258], [311].
• Cephalopoda, (Cuttle-fish) have three hearts, iii. [6].
• Chabrier, eulogium of, iv. [186].
• Chafer, carrion, ii. [386]:
  cock, i. [178], [207]; ii. [372]:
  dung, [231], [237], [254]:
  fern, [5]:
  rose, [317]:
  tree, [231].
• Cheese maggot, i. [229]; ii. [280]:
  mite, [226], [328].
• Cherry, insects that attack, i. [197].
• Chestnut, insects that attack, i. [203].
• Chrysalis, i. [65].
• Cicada, male, sound produced by, and its apparatus, ii. [398], [400].
• Circulation, different modes of in the animal kingdom, iv. [81]:
  whether any in insects, [86].
• Clairville's system, iv. [473].
• Classes of annulose animals, iii. [16]; iv. [374]:
  osculant, iii. [14].
• Climates, insect, iv. [494].
• Clocks or Dors, ii. [306].
• Clover-seed, destroyed by a weevil, i. [178].
• Cochineal, i. [321].
• Cockroach, i. [229], [242].
• Cocoon, i. [68], [457]; iii. [213]:
  of bees, ii. [138]:
  of saw-flies, [261]:
  of Lepidoptera, iii. [274]:
  of Ephemeræ, [395].
• Collar of certain insects, whether the analogue of the prothorax, iii. [546].
• Collier, plant-louse of the bean, i. [176].
• Colours (brilliant), use of in insects, ii. [221].
• Commosis, what? ii. [479].
• Concealment, modes of in insects, ii. [254].
• Correlation, iv. [366].
• Cossus, Pliny's, i. [302].
• Cotton, insects that injure, i. [185].
• Creation, works of, have a double object, iv. [411].
• Crepuscular insects, iv. [525].
• Cricket, field, ii. [393]; iv. [110]:
  house, i. [243]; ii. [392]:
  Indian, i. [243]:
  mole, ii. [362], [394]; iii. [584].
• Crop of insects, iv. [113], [115].
• Cuckow, bee, i. [289]:
  insects, [345].
• Cucumbers, fecundated by bees, i. [299].
• Cupules, iv. [179], [190].
• Currant, insects that attack, i. [196].
• Cuvier's system, iv. [474].
• Dances of insects, ii. [5], [367].
• Death-watch, i. [36]; ii. [381].
• Deer infested by insects, i. [159].
• De Geer (Baron), system of, iv. [453].
• Developments of plants and animals, iii. [57].
• Devil's-horse, ii. [218].
• Digger (entomological) described. iv. [529].
• Dimerous insects, iii. [684].
• Diptera, three descriptions of, ii. [355].
• Diseases of insects:— wounds, iv. [205]:
  internal diseases, [208]:
  parasitic, [214].
• —— caused by lice, i. [83]:
  by mites, [88]:
  by larvæ, [97], [134].
• Dissection of insects, modes of, iv. [201].
• Distribution of insects:— numerical, iv. [488]:
  topographical, [494]:
  local, [511].
• Diurnal insects, iv. [524].
• Dogs, insects infesting, i. [162].
• Dors, ii. [216], [306]; iii. [332].
• Dragon, flying, wings represent mid-legs of insects, iii. [591]; iv. [428].
• Dragon-flies, devourers of insects, i. [276]:
  cloud of, ii. [10]:
  wings of, ii. [350]:
  remarkable apparatus of larva, &c., iii. [125]:
  eyes of, [501].
• Drone, or male bee, ii. [168].
• Drum of the cicada, ii. [400]:
  of grasshoppers, [396].
• Dyes afforded by insects, i. [317].
• Earwigs, common, sits on her eggs, i. [360]:
  wings of, ii. [346]:
  giant, ii. [234]:
  lesser, iv. [527].
• Education, effects of on ants and other insects, ii. [87]; iv. [22].
• Eggs of insects, how fecundated, iv. [164]:
  exclusion, iii. [66]:
  situation, [70]:
  substance, [86]:
  number, [89]:
  size, [90]:
  growth, [91]:
  shape, [93]:
  sculpture, [97]:
  colour, [99]:
  gestation, iv. [168]:
  have their parasites, iv. [219].
• Electricity affects gossamer web, iv. [137]:
  excites insects, [141], [254].
• Emigrations, of insects, ii. [7]:
  of locusts, i. [225]; ii. [14]:
  of ants, ii. [91].
• Entomologist, not cruel, i. [53]:
  dress proper for, iv. [538].
• Entomology, instances of its utility, i. [237]:
  study of, value, [4]:
  uses of a system of, [46].
• Entozoa nematoidea, a kind of intestinal worms, iv. [237].
• Ephemeræ, history of, i. [282]:
  singular gyrations of, ii. [365]:
  have an inner pupa case, iii. [295]:
  respiratory organs, iv. [57]:
  used as manure, i. [316].
• Eras, entomological:— of the ancients, iv. [430]:
  of the revival of the science, [436]:
  of Swammerdam and Ray, [441]:
  of Linné, [447]:
  of Fabricius, [460]:
  of Latreille, [465]:
  of MacLeay, [477].
• Evil (seeming), uses of, i. [250].
• Excrement of insects, iv. [125]:
  larvæ of wasps, bees, &c. have none, [108], [116].
• Eyes of insects:— simple, iii. [489]:
  conglomerate, [492]:
  compound, [493]:
  structure of, [494]:
  number, [497]:
  situation, [499]:
  figure, [500].
• Fabricius, system of, iv. [461].
• Fishes insectivorous, i. [265], [289]; ii. [272]:
  attacked by an insect, i. [166].
• Flea, i. [100]:
  leap of, ii. [310]:
  strength of, iv. [195].
• Flies, singular disease of, iv. [209]:
  aphidivorous, i. [399].
• Flowers, insects that devour, i. [194].
• Fluid in pseudo-cardia of insects, iv. [83], [90], note.
• Fly, Abyssinian, i. [153]:
  case-worm, ii. [301]:
  cauliflower, i. [190]:
  chamæleon, iii. [99]; iv. [54]:
  cheese, ii. [280]:
  crane, [363]; iii. [67]; iv. [163]:
  eye, i. [130]:
  fire, i. [317]; ii. [412], [422]:
  flesh or carrion, i. [257]; ii. [272], [357]:
  forest, i. [149]; ii. [306]:
  gall, i. [317], [446]; iv. [162]:
  Hessian, i. [50], [170]:
  horse, i. [109], [146]:
  house, i. [129]; ii. [357]; [466], note:
  lace-winged, iii. [94]:
  May, i. [282]; ii. [236], [298]:
  onion. i. [191]:
  sand or burning, i. [110]:
  scorpion, ii. [20], [56]:
  snake, [305]:
  swallow, i. [111]:
  wheat, [169].
• Food, insects that attack, i. [227]:
  reservoir, iv. [104].
• Foot-cushions of insects, ii. [317], [322]; iii. [691].
• Forceps described, iv. [533].
• Forest-trees, insects attack, i. [207].
• Frog-hopper (froth), leaps of, ii. [311].
• Fungi parasitic on insects, iv. [215].
• Gad-fly, deer and reindeer, i. [159]:
  horse, [147]:
  ox, [150]:
  man, [136]:
  rabbit, [166]:
  sheep, [158].
• ——, has eight tracheæ, iv. [66].
• Gall-nuts, i. [317], [446].
• Garments, insects that attack, i. [232].
• Gecko (lizard), ii. [321].
• Gentles, i. [64].
• Geometers or Surveyors, a kind of caterpillar, ii. [288]; iv. [196].
• Gesner, iv. [430].
• Gizzard of insects, iv. [106].
• Glow-worm, common, ii. [405]: iv. [149]:
  Italian, ii. [420].
• Gnat, agaric, ii. [7]:
  common, i. [62], [112]; ii. [281]; iii. [82]:
  gall, i. [211], [446]:
  horse, [148]:
  wheat, i. [28], [171]:
  winter, ii. [438].
• Goliath beetles belt the globe, iv. [506].
• Gooseberry, insects that attack, i. [196].
• Gossamer webs, ii. [330].
• Gould (Rev. W.), the historian of English ants, ii. [48].
• Grass, insects that attack, i. [178]:
  Indian, how made, i. [287], [337].
• Grasshopper, ii. [390], [394]:
  large green, i. [150]; iv. [237].
• Gray (Mr.) characters of Linné's orders and genera of insects in Latin verse, iv. [457].
• Groups of animal kingdom, iv. [371]:
  of insects, [398]:
  characters of, [400]:
  scale of, [402]:
  composition of, [406]:
  how to be investigated, [560]:
  predominant, [500]:
  dominant, [502]:
  sub-dominant, [504]:
  quiescent, [505]:
  endemial, [506]:
  osculant, iii. [12].
• Gyrations of insects, ii. [366].
• Habit, what, iv. [564].
• Habitations of solitary insects, i. [434]:
  of gregarious insects, [473].
• —— curious ones of Tineidæ, i. [454].
• Hairs, use of to aquatic insects, ii. [360].
• Handworm, what, i. [92].
• Harvest-man, iv. [121].
• Hawkmoth, bee, i. [212]:
  death's-head, [34], [164]; ii. [237], [263]:
  hornet, i. [212]:
  humming-bird, ii. [365], [379]:
  privet, [234], iii. [265]:
  spurge, [265].
• Hawkmoths, ii. [234], [251].
• Hearing of insects, organ of, iv. [244].
• Heart of insects, what represented by? iv. [83]:
  of Arachnida, [99].
• Heat (vital) of insects, ii. [226]: iv. [77].
• Heliocantharus of the ancients, i. [255]. note.
• Herbage benefited by insects, i. [252].
• Herod (Agrippa) destroyed by larvæ, i. [98].
• Heteromerous insects, iii. [682].
• Honey, i. [329]; iv. [140].
• —— comb, i. [482].
• —— dew, i. [210].
• Hops, insects that attack, i. [183].
• Hornet, i. [121], [273].
• Horns of insects, use of, ii. [252].
• Horse, insects that annoy, i. [145].
• Hovering of insects, ii. [364].
• Huber, the historian of the hive-bee, i. [486].
• —— P. the historian of ants, ii. [48].
• Humble-bees, affection for their young, i. [378]:
  mode of building their nests, [498]:
  females, ii. [113]:
  making cells, i. [499]; ii. [116]:
  males, [116]:
  workers, [117]:
  hive-bees persuade them to yield to them their honey, [117].
• Humeral piece of wings, iii. [619].
• Humming of insects, ii. [375]; iii. [550], note.
• —— in the air, ii. [373].
• Hybernation of insects:—
  in the egg state, ii. [427]:
  pupa state, [430]:
  larva state, [431]:
  perfect state, [432]:
  places to which they resort for, [434]:
  cold not the only cause of, [454].
• Hymenoptera (gregarious) not subject to the attack of ichneumons, iv. [225].
• Ichneumons, i. [267]; iv. [216], [230]:
  how to extract from caterpillars, [554].
• Ignis fatuus, ii. [417].
• Imago, i. [68]:
  motions—
  walking, ii. [302]:
  running, [306]:
  jumping, [309]:
  climbing, [316];
  against gravity, [318]:
  flying, [342]:
  swimming, &c., [359]:
  burrowing, [361]:
  development, iii. [290]:
  hatched under a hen, iv. [555]:
  sexual distinctions, iii. [298]:
  age, [343].
• Insects, apparatus for killing, iv. [540]:
  annoyance of in what respects beneficial, i. [251]:
  beneficial in removing nuisances; as dung, [254]:
  carrion, [256]:
  in keeping other insects, &c. within due limits, [261]:
  as affording food to quadrupeds, [280]:
  to reptiles, and fishes, [282]:
  to birds, [287]:
  to man, [301]:
  as articles used in materia medica, [313]:
  used for ornament, [317]:
  as affording materials for dyeing, ink, &c., [317]:
  as producing wax, [326]:
  honey, [329]:
  silk, [332]:
  vitality of, ii. [446]:
  cold and frost, effects upon, ii. [437], [446]:
  definition of, iii. [28]:
  breeding them, directions for, iv. [552]:
  differ from Crustacea and Arachnida, iii. [9]:
  education, effects of upon, ii. [87]:
  errors (vulgar) concerning, i. [33]:
  fossil, iv. [570]:
  food of—
  vegetable, i. [382];
  animal, [384];
  both animal and vegetable, [386];
  some univorous, [387];
  others omnivorous, [388];
  times of feeding, [391];
  organs by which they feed, [392]; iii. [416]:
  stratagems employed in procuring food—
  by spiders, i. [403];
  by the ant-lion, [425];
  how best to kill them when captured, iv. [536], [540]:
  imitations they exhibit, i. [7]; ii. [216]:
  injuries they occasion to man, i. [80]:
  other animals, [145];
  grain, [167];
  pulse, [175];
  herbage, [178];
  roots, [185];
  kitchen-garden, [189];
  flower garden, [194];
  fruit, [195];
  plantations, [207];
  to our food, [227];
  garments, [232];
  timber, [235];
  books and cabinets, [239]:
  instincts, exquisiteness of, ii. [467];
  number of, [492];
  development of, [503]:
  instruction afforded by insects, i. [16]:
  integuments of, iii. [393]:
  intellect of, ii. [507]; iv. [21], [32]:
  inventions they have anticipated, i. [14]:
  means by which they defend themselves—
  passive, ii. [216];
  active, [229]:
  luminous insects, ii. [403]:
  noxious, how to be destroyed, i. [28]:
  number, (supposed) of insects existing, iv. [489]:
  compared with that of plants, [489]:
  of carnivorous and phytiphagous insects, [491]:
  oviparous and ovo-viviparous insects, iii. [65]:
  representative insects, iv. [508];
  rank of, [373]:
  strength of, iv. [195]:
  setting and preparing for cabinet, [543]:
  table of relative size of, iii. [33]:
  transformations of, i. [63]:
  memory of, ii. [519].
• Insects, proper and improper, ii. [303].
• Instinct, change of in a spider, iv. [205], note.
• Itch, cause of, i. [90].
• Itching produced by hairs of caterpillars, i. [130].
• Jaws of insects, i. [393]:
  upper, iii. [313]:
  under, [315].
• Jelly, secreted by ditto, iv. [139].
• Journal, entomological, how to make, iv. [569].
• Jurine, system of, iii. [620]; iv. [482].
• Kingdoms (animal and vegetable), analogies between, iv. [370]:
  numerical arrangement of, [410].
• Knowledge, two avenues to, i. [24].
• Lac, an insect product, i. [324].
• Lady-bird or Lady-cow, i. [265]; ii. [9], [227], [247].
• Lamarck, system of animals, iii. [15]:
  of insects, iv. [474].
• Lantern-fly, noise of, ii. [397]:
  whether luminous, [413].
• Larva of flies, i. [230]:
  stinging, iii. [179]:
  rat-tailed, i. [256]:
  its respiratory apparatus, iv. [52].
• Larvæ, substance of, iii. [110]:
  head, [112]:
  eyes, [116]:
  antennæ, [118]:
  mouth, [119]:
  trunk and abdomen, [130]:
  prolegs, [134]:
  dorsal of gall-fly, ii. [278]:
  appendages, iii. [144]:
  figure, [155]:
  kinds of, [159]:
  primary forms of, [161]:
  clothing of, [173]:
  colour, [184]:
  food of, [188]:
  moulting, [189]:
  growth of, [199]:
  how they prepare to assume the pupa, [203]:
  motions of apodous, ii. [269]:
  of pedate, ii. [283].
• Latreille, system of, iv. [465].
• Law (original) of the Creator, regulates the developments of insects, iii. [56].
• Leach, Dr., system of, iv. [475].
• Legs of insects, parts of, ii. [283]. iii. [660]:
  number of, [652]; ii. [307]:
  acquisition of, by myriapods, iii. [23], [107], [159]:
  antennæ supply the place of, ii. [308]:
  relative location of, iii. [656]:
  motatory, ii. [302].
• Lenses, number of in compound eyes, iii. [494].
• Lepidoptera, parasites of, iv. [228]:
  colours, iii. [648]:
  scales, [644].
• Linné, system of animals, iii. [5]:
  of insects, iv. [447].
• Lint collected by an ant, i. [315].
• Lister, Dr. Martin, iv. [444].
• Liver of Arachnida, iv. [100], [122].
• Locusts, ravages of, i. [215]:
  followed by famine and pestilence, [217]:
  benefits produced by, [252]:
  used as food, [303]:
  leap of, ii. [310]:
  female killed by the male, iii. [347].
• Louse, bat, ii. [307]:
  bird, i. [163]: iii. [97]:
  common, i. [83]:
  peacock, i. [163]:
  sheep, i. [156]:
  sugar, ii. [316]:
  wood, [230].
• ——, leaf. See [Plant-louse].
• Luminosity of insects, causes of, ii. [418]; iv. [149].
• Lyonet, anatomy of the cossus, iv. [455].
• MacLeay, W. S., system of animals, iii. [12]:
  of Annulosa, iv. [477]:
  of Mandibulata, [479]:
  of Petalocera, [481]:
  columns of analogous Haustellata and Mandibulata, [421].
• Mænomenon of Pliny, what, ii. [178].
• Maggot of a fly, destructive to the sick, i. [138]:
  jumping of cheese-fly, i. [229]; ii. [280]:
  of flesh-fly, i. [398].
• Maggots, what, i. [64]:
  jumping, ii. [280].
• Magnus, Albertus, iv. [436].
• Maize, insects that attack, i. [171], [174].
• Males, two kinds of? iv. [173]:
  secondary characters of, assumed by females, ii. [134].
• Man, centre of the animal creation, iv. [369].
• Mandibles (unguiform) use of, ii. [272].
• Marrow, Spinal, iv. [8].
• May-fly. See [Fly].
• Meal-worm, i. [227]; iii. [141].
• Medicine, insects useful in, i. [315].
• Metamorphoses of insects, analogy between and the resurrection, i. [60], [72]:
  use of, [77]:
  analogies of those of plants and animals, iii. [57].
• Method, what? iv. [365].
• Microscopes, iv. [201], [570].
• Midges, ii. [306].
• Migrations of insects, iv. [523].
• Milk produced by insects, ii. [242], [248]; iv. [140].
• Mineral substances eaten by insects, i. [235], [380].
• Mite, autumnal, or harvest bug, i. [96], [103]:
  bee, [163]:
  beetle, iv. [234]:
  cheese, i. [229], [310]; iii. [107]:
  dysentery, i. [89]:
  flour, [228]:
  itch, [90]:
  milk, [88]:
  spider, iv. [236]:
  spinning or red spider, i. [203]:
  strawberry, ii. [307]:
  vegetating, i. [392]; iv. [234].
• Mites that infest collections of insects, &c. how best destroyed, iv. [140].
• Mitys, what? ii. [479].
• Mole-cricket, ravages of, i. [193]:
  nest of, ii. [254]:
  a burrower, [362]:
  whether luminous, [416]:
  wonderful apparatus for moving its arms, iii. [584].
• Monomerous insects, iii. [684].
• Moses, knowledge of insects, i. [22]; iv. [430].
• Mosquito, a Simulium, i. [112], [118].
  See [Gnat].
• Moth, aquatic, iv. [56]:
  barley, i. [174]:
  brown-tail, [206], [209]:
  clothes, [232], [462]:
  emperor, [336]; ii. [248]:
  figure-of-eight, i. [199]:
  fir, [131]; ii. [22]:
  fur, i. [233]:
  ghost or hop, [183]; iii. [66], [269], [305]:
  gold or yellow-tail, i. [30]; ii. [21], [250]:
  gooseberry and currant, i. [197]; ii. [446]:
  grass, i. [179]:
  great-goat, [211]; ii. [297]; iii. [119], [173], [200], [351]:
  lackey, iii. [80]:
  lappet, ii. [219]; iii. [99]:
  lobster, ii. [251]:
  locust, iii. [282]:
  procession, i. [130], [475]; ii. [23]:
  prominent, iii. [151]:
  puss, ii. [248], [250]; iii. [284]; iv. [221]:
  silk-worm, i. [334]; iii. [89], [280]:
  tapestry, i. [233]:
  tiger, ii. [223], [249]; iii. [175]:
  wax, i. [165], [388]:
  wolf, i. [172]:
  wool, i. [233].
• Moth, remarkable brush of, iv. [60]:
  one resembling a caterpillar, [165].
• Mothing, seasons of, iv. [524].
• Moths, certain that construct curious habitations, i. [454], [462]; ii. [471]:
  minute, how to be taken, iv. [540].
• —— greasy, how to restore, iv. [145].
• Mouffet, iv. [439].
• Moulting. See [Insects].
• Muscles of insects, origin of, iv. [175]:
  substance of, [175]:
  shape, [177]:
  colour, [178]:
  kinds, [178]:
  point of attachment, [179]:
  motions, [180]:
  muscles of larvæ, [181]:
  of imago head and organs, [182]:
  of trunk, [184]:
  of wings, [186]:
  of abdomen, [191]:
  of viscera, [193].
• ——, of Arachnida, iv. [194].
• Myriapods, have six legs only at first, iii. [23]:
  analogues of serpents, [40]; iv. [418].
• Myrtle, attacked by a coccus, i. [195].
• Nature, book of, Bible of man before the fall, i. [22].
• Nectar of flowers, numerous insects devoted to its absorption, iv. [492].
• Nectarine, attacked by insects, i. [202].
• Nerves of insects, number of, iv. [15]:
  recurrent, [16].
• Nervous system of insects, mixed, iv. [21], [23]:
  changes of in their metamorphosis, [23].
• Nervures, of wings, iii. [292], [688].
• Net, bag, iv. [529]:
  fly or bat-fowling, [531]:
  French, [529]:
  Maclean's, [533]:
  Paul's, [530]:
  landing or water, [534].
• Neuters, ii. [30]; iv. [172].
• Nine-killer, i. [288].
• Nocturnal insects, i. [391]; iv. [526].
• Noises of insects, how produced, ii. [376]:
  of beetles, &c. 386. See [Humming].
• Nut, weevil of, i. [203].
• Nymph, i. [65]:
  cased nymph, [67].
• Odours, insect, ii. [238]; iv. [146].
• Œstrus of the Greeks, what? i. [153]. note.
• Oils produced by insects, iv. [139].
• Olive, insects that attack, i. [203].
• Ophthalmia, sometimes caused by insects, i. [88].
• Orange, attacked by acoccus, i. [195].
• Orchard and Fruitery, insect enemies of, i. [195].
• Orders of insects, denominations of, i. [66], note:
  definitions of, iv. [377]:
  which should precede, [425]:
  osculant, [378].
• Orismology (term), iii. [527]; iv. [257].
• Ovo-viviparous insects, iv. [170].
• Palpi, of what sense organs, iv. [256].
• Paper made by wasps, i. [15], [501].
• Parasites of insects:—
  vegetable, iv. [215]:
  Insect;
  hymenopterous, i. [267]; iv. [216]:
  strepsipterous, i. [270]; iv. [216]:
  dipterous, i. [270]; iv. [231]:
  apterous, [232]:
  Worms, [237].
• Passions, human, symbolized by insects, ii. [28]. note.
• Pax-wax, iv. [183].
• Peaches, insects that attack, i. [202].
• Pears, insects that attack, i. [199].
• Peck (Professor), his description of the ovipositor of saw-flies, iv. [160].
• Penny (Dr. Thomas), iv. [439].
• Pentamerous insects, iii. [681].
• Perspiration of insects, iv. [151].
• Phosphorus, iv. [149].
• Phthiriasis, or lousy disease, i. [84]; iv. [232].
• Phthirophagi, i. [310].
• Pigeons, insects that infest, i. [163].
• Pine-apple, insects that attack, i. [203].
• Pissoceros, what? ii. [174].
• Plant-lice, extraordinary fecundity of, i. [175]; iv. [166]:
  numbers of, ii. [8].
• Plant-louse—
  of the apple, i. [29], [200]:
  of the bean or Collier, [176]:
  of the beech, [211]:
  of the fir, [211], [451]:
  of the hop, [183]:
  of the larch, [211]:
  of roots, ii. [90]:
  of the rose, i. [194].
• Plants, entrap flies, i. [293]:
  fecundated by insects, [296]:
  some yield poisonous honey, ii. [177].
• Pliny, iv. [435].
• Plums, insects that attack, i. [198].
• Pockets (wax), ii. [175].
• Poisons, insect, iv. [143].
• Polymerous insects, iii. [685].
• Potatoes, insects that attack, i. [186].
• Poultry, insects that attack, i. [163].
• Praying-insects or Mantes, ferocity of, i. [278].
• Propolis, what? ii. [183].
• Proportion (relative), of insects according to the kind of their food, iv. [492].
• Pubescence of insects, uses of, iii. [398].
• Pupæ, kinds of, i. [65]; iii. [237]:
  Lamarck's and Latreille's division of, [241], note:
  integument of, [243]:
  figure of, [245]:
  parts of, [248]:
  colour of, [258]:
  age of, [260]:
  sex of, [268]:
  motions of, ii. [293]; iii. [269]:
  respiration of, iv. [74]:
  extrication of, iii. [270]:
  some copulate, [269].
• Pupiparous insects, iii. [64].
• Range (geographical) of insects, iv. [498].
• Raspberry, insects that attack, i. [196].
• Ratel (honey), i. [281].
• Ray (John), system of insects, iv. [442].
• Reason, some portion of in insects, ii. [508].
• Reaumur, eulogium of, iv. [454].
• Resin, insect, i. [329].
• Respiration of insects, how carried on, iv. [36]:
  external signs of, [73].
• Rooks, serviceable by destroying insects, i. [30].
• Rope and Pulley in insects, iii. [700].
• Rye attacked by insects, i. [173].
• Salmon, louse of, i. [166].
• Saprophagous insects, iv. [491].
• Saw-flies, how they deposit their eggs, i. [355]:
  their ovipositor, [355]; iv. [160]:
  vast flights of, ii. [10]:
  simulate death, ii. [233]:
  eggs of, grow, iii. [91]:
  why hymenopterous, iv. [382], [416]:
  their scent organs, ii. [242], [248]:
  slimy larvæ of, [225].
• Saw-fly, barley, i. [173]:
  cherry, [197]:
  gooseberry, [197]:
  rose, [194], [355]:
  turnip, [187]; ii. [10].
• Schwenckfeeld, Dr., first faunist, iv. [440].
• Scolechiasis, i. [99]; iv. [232].
• Scorpion, terrific attitude of, i. [124]:
  ferocity of, [279]:
  gills of, iv. [61]:
  liver of, [123].
• ——, water, eggs of, iii. [94].
• Scripture (Holy), account of insects, iv. [431].
• Sculpture of insect integument, uses of, iii. [396], [654].
• Seasons of insects, iv. [520].
• Secretions of insects:— silk, iv. [136]:
  saliva, [137]:
  varnish, [139]:
  jelly, [139]:
  oils, [139]:
  milk, [134]:
  honey, [140]:
  wax, [141]:
  poisons and acids, [143]:
  odorous fluids and vapours, [146]:
  phosphorus, [149]:
  fat, [150].
• Semicomplete pupa, i. [67].
• Sensation, organs of, iv. [1].
• Senses of insects, whether seven, iv. [241]:
  they have the ordinary, [244]:
  internal sense, [242]:
  sight, [242]:
  hearing, [243]:
  antennæ, whether organs of, [247]:
  touch, [255]:
  smell, [257]:
  taste, [264].
• Sensorium, common, where resident, iv. [19].
• Seven, a sacred number, iii. [15], note; iv. [241]:
  quinary groups resolvable into, [409].
• Sheep, insects that infest, i. [157].
• Shell-fish, insects that infest, i. [166].
• Showers (bloody), produced by insects, i. [34].
• Shrike. See [Butcher-bird].
• Silk, i. [332].
• Silk-worms, kinds of, i. [334]:
  diseases of, iv. [212]:
  not attacked by ichneumons, [228]:
  how to forward their exclusion, iii. [101].
• Skeletons (of small animals), how to obtain, i. [258]. note.
• Skin of insects, iii. [400].
• Skunk, ii. [238].
• Sleep of insects, iv. [199].
• Sloane (Sir Hans), encomium of, iv. [446].
• Slugs (wheat) how best destroyed, i. [181]. note.
• Slug-worm, i. [198].
• Soap, manufactured from insects, i. [316].
• Societies, of insects, imperfect, ii. [3]:
  perfect, [27].
• Society, Royal, iv. [446].
• ——, Linnean, iv. [459].
• ——, Zoological, [460].
• Solomon, knew insects, i. [23]; ii. [46].
• Sow-bug, i. [140].
• Sparrows, number of caterpillars they devour, i. [291].
• Species, iv. [405]:
  how to investigate, [563].
• Spectre, large egg of, iii. [90].
• Sphinx, why so named, ii. [234].
• Spider, amphibious, i. [470]:
  bird, [422]; iii. [490]:
  edible, i. [310]:
  gossamer, ii. [330]:
  large field or diadem, i. [405]:
  red, [203]:
  shepherd, ii. [305]:
  small garden, i. [415]:
  trap-door, [467]:
  once tamed, iv. [23].
• Spiders, hunters, i. [422]:
  swimmers, [424]:
  vagrants, [422]:
  weavers or sedentaries, [403]; iv. [31].
• ——, affection for their eggs, i. [361]:
  webs, texture of and how spun, [403], [420]; iv. [129]:
  wonderful apparatus for spinning, i. [403]:
  floating nest of, [423]:
  nest under water, [470]:
  web destroyed by fluid emitted by a caterpillar, ii. [245]:
  sailing in the air, [331]:
  effects of their venom, i. [131]:
  cruelty, [279]: gills of, iv. [61]:
  liver of, [124]:
  disease of, [214].
• Spines of caterpillars, sometimes venomous, iii. [179].
• Spiracles (false), iii. [712].
• Spirits-of-wine, their use in destroying insects, iv. [536], [538], [541].
• Stamina of flowers, adhering to bees mistaken for fungi, iv. [215].
• Stick, entomological, iv. [529].
• Stomach of insects, iv. [105]:
  peculiar of bugs, [117].
• Strawberry, whether attacked by insects, i. [195]; ii. [307].
• Strength (muscular) of insects, iv. [195].
• Strepsiptera (order), denomination proper, iii. [589], note.
• Subclasses, iv. [375].
• Subclimates, iv. [497].
• Suborders, iv. [400].
• Suckers on the feet of insects, ii. [318]; iii. [692].
• Sugar-cane, insect assailants of, i. [183].
• Swammerdam, system of, iv. [441].
• Swine, insects that infest, i. [159].
• System, what? iv. [365].
• —— (nervous), of animals, four primary types of, iv. [3]:
  what analogous to, [20].
• —— of the development of insect forms by Dr. Herold, refutation of, iii. [52], [191].
• Systems of insects, alary, iv. [447]:
  eclectic, [465]:
  maxillary, [460]:
  metamorphotic, [441]:
  quinary, [477].
• Tarantula spider, effects of bite, i. [127].
• Taste, organs of in insects, iv. [264].
• Tetramerous insects, iii. [683].
• Thalerophagous insects, iv. [491].
• Tick, American, i. [105], [146]:
  dog, [104], [162]; ii. [220], [304].
• Timber, insects that attack, i. [234].
• Times of appearance of insects, iv. [523].
• Timour Beg, anecdote of, ii. [100].
• Tobacco, insects that attack, i. [185].
• Tool for cutting pins, &c. iv. [557].
• Torpidity of insects, iv. [78]:
  causes of, ii. [437]:
  their reviviscence from, [450].
• Touch, organs of in insects, iv. [255].
• Trachea or wind-pipe of insects, iv. [62]:
  analogy between and the spiral vessels of plants, iv. [70].
• Tree-creeper, i. [290].
• Trees, injured by insects, i. [207]:
  particularly by a small beetle, [212].
• Trimerous insects, iii. [684].
• Trunk of insects, reasons assigned for the nomenclature of, iii. [527].
• Turnip, greatly injured by insects, i. [187]; ii. [10].
• Vacuum formed by the little caterpillar of a moth, i. [16], [458].
• Varnish, produced by insects, iv. [139].
• Vegetables, fly-catchers, i. [293].
• Vessel (dorsal), of insects, iv. [83], [96]:
  varicose or bile, [109].
• Vine, attacked by insects, i. [204]; ii. [331]; iv. [512].
• Virey, Dr., system of animals, iv. [371]:
  theory of instinct, [26].
• Wasp, bee, ii. [221], [363]:
  blue-sand, [380]:
  caterpillar or sand, [363]; iv. [138]:
  common, i. [16]; ii. [106]:
  fly, [363]:
  golden, [222], [231]:
  mason, i. [348], [358], [444]:
  spider, [347]: ii. [354], [363].
• Wasps, females, i. [372]:
  love of their progeny, [373]:
  nests of, [501]:
  numbers of, [374]; ii. [108]:
  sentinels, [111]:
  destruction of, [112]:
  kept in hives, how they proceed, [112]:
  walk against gravity, [327]:
  how they act if their prey is too heavy, [514]:
  fluid effused by, iv. [138]:
  poison of, [145].
• Water, stagnant, purified by larvæ, i. [259].
• Wax (bees'), i. [326], [487]; iv. [141].
• —— (coccus), i. [327].
• Weevil, clover, i. [178]:
  common, [172]:
  dock, ii. [277]:
  figwort, [271]:
  millet, i. [173]:
  nut, [203], [357]: palm, [301]; ii. [318]:
  rice, i. [173]:
  water-hemlock, [149].
• Weevils, ii. [232], [318].
• Wheat, numerous insects attack, i. [167].
• Wheel, animal, ii. [447].
• Willughby, encomium of, iv. [444].
• Winglets, use of, ii. [354].
• Wings of insects, ii. [342]; iii. [616]:
  apparatus for steadying them, iii. [336].
• Wood-louse (timber), ravages of, i. [238].
• Wood-pecker, i. [31], [290].
• Works, Entomological, which useful to the entomologist, iv. [483], note.
• Worm, wire, ravages of, i. [180], [188]:
  hand or wheale, [92]:
  wheat, or Vibrio Tritici, iv. [238].
• Worms, intestinal, iv. [237].

END OF THE FOURTH AND LAST VOLUME.

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Published by the same Authors.

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By Mr. Kirby,