8. Circumferences and Circular Areas of Numbers from
1 to 100
INDEX
[Figures in italics indicate pages upon which illustrations occur.]
- Andirons and bar, [159].
- Angle blow, [see] beveling blow.
- Annealing, [86], [87].
- Anvil, [5], [6], [7].
- Areas, formulas of, [197].
- Art smithing, [146].
- Backing-up blow, [35], [36].
- “Backing-up” metal, [43].
- Banding with clips, [147].
- Basic iron, [174].
- Bellows, [1].
- Bench and measuring tools, [22]-28.
- Bench vise, [22], [23].
- Bending, [40], [41];
- stock calculation for, [118]-121.
- Bending or twisting fork, [149];
- wrench, [150], [151].
- Bessemer iron, [173];
- process, [187]-193.
- Bevel, [25], [26].
- Beveling blow, [32], [33], [34].
- Bevel or taper tool, [135].
- Blackband, [164].
- Blast, [168]-170.
- Blast furnace, [see] reduction furnace.
- Blister steel, [184].
- Block, swage, [19], [20].
- Bloomery, [177].
- Blooming mill, [191].
- Blue billy, [180].
- Blue chip, [186].
- Bolsters, [136].
- Bolt, hexagonal head, [66], [67].
- Boring tools, [103], [104].
- Box tongs, [see] tool tongs.
- Brass tool, [101], [102].
- Brown hematite, [see] limonite.
- Bulldog, [180].
- Burned steel, [189].
- Butterfly scarf, [115], [116], [117].
- Button head set, [19].
- Butt weld, [52], [53].
- Calcination, [see] roasting.
- Calipers, [25], [26], [118], [119].
- Cape chisel, [24].
- Carbon, percentage of, in tool steel, [83]-85.
- Casehardening, [92], [93].
- Cast steel, [185].
- Cementation steel, [see] blister steel.
- Center punch, [24], [25].
- Chain grabhook, [80], [81], [82].
- Chain making, [73], [74].
- Chain swivel, [76]-80.
- Charcoal, [5], [167].
- Charcoal iron, [174].
- Checking tool or side fuller, [130], [131].
- Chisel, trimming, [127], [128].
- Chisels, [23], [24], [108], [109].
- Chisel tongs [10], [11].
- Circular cutter, [127].
- Circumferences and circular areas of numbers from 1 to 100: [205], [206].
- Classification of pig iron, [173].
- Clay ironstone, [164].
- Cleft weld, [52], [53].
- Clincher, [see] clip tightener.
- Clip, [148].
- Clip former, [151], [152];
- holder, [152], [153];
- tightener or clincher, [153], [154].
- Coal box, [1].
- Coke, [5], [167].
- Cold chisel, [23], [24], [89], [108], [109].
- Cold cutters, [12], [13], [110], [111], [128]-130.
- Collars, [see] bolsters.
- Colored oxides, [88], [89].
- Combination fuller and set, [132], [133].
- Combined spring fullers, [131], [132];
- top and bottom swages, [133], [134].
- Connecting lever, [142], [143];
- rod, [138], [139].
- Converter, [187], [188].
- Crank shaft, [137], [138].
- Crowbar, steel-faced, [113], [114].
- Crucible, [184].
- Crucible process, [184]-187.
- Crucible steel, alloys of, [186].
- Crushing, [166].
- Cutter, [see] hack.
- circular, [127];
- cold, [12], [13], [128]-130;
- hardening, [14];
- hot, [12], [13], [14], [109], [110].
- Cutting-off or parting tool, [102], [103].
- Cutting stock, [128], [129], [130].
- Decimals of an inch for each 1⁄64th, [198].
- Designing, [146].
- Diamond point tool, [104]-106.
- Dies, [43], [123], [124].
- Dimensions of nuts and bolts, [197].
- Dipper, [4].
- Dividers, [25], [26].
- Dolomite as a flux, [168].
- Door hasp, [64]-66.
- Double and single offsets, [143]-145.
- Double-faced sledge, [9].
- Drawing, [37]-40.
- Draw spike, [59].
- Drop hammer, [123], [124].
- Eccentric jaw, [140], [141].
- Edge-to-edge blow, [31], [32].
- Eye or ring bolts, [114], [115], [116]-118.
- Fagot welding, [69].
- Ferromanganese, [189].
- Ferrous carbonate, [164].
- Fettlings, [180].
- Files, [27], [28].
- Finery process, [see] open-hearth process.
- “Finished,” definition of, [137].
- Fire cracks, [85].
- Fire set, [159], [160];
- separated, [160].
- Fire tools, [4].
- Flat-jawed tongs, [10].
- Flat right-angled weld, [70], [71], [72].
- Flatter, [14], [15], [112], [113].
- Fluxes, [167], [168].
- Forge, [XII], [1]-3.
- Forging, definition of, [36]-37.
- Forging, operations used in, [36]-47.
- Forgings, [123].
- Forging tools, [12]-28, [107]-118.
- Forming, [43], [44].
- Formulas and tables, [197]-206.
- Foundry iron, [174].
- Franklinite, [162].
- Fuels, [4], [5], [48], [49], [167].
- Fullers, combined spring, [131], [132];
- top and bottom, [18], [19].
- Gate hook, [62], [63], [64].
- Grabhook, [80], [81], [82].
- Grading iron, [174], [176].
- Hack or cutter, [126], [127].
- Hack saw, [27].
- Hammer blows, [30]-36.
- Hammers, [7], [8];
- ball peen, [8];
- cross peen, [8];
- drop, [123], [124];
- hand, [8];
- round and square-edged set, [15], [16], [111];
- steam, [124], [125], [126];
- straight peen, [8].
- Handle punches, [16], [17].
- Hand lever, [141], [142].
- Hardening tool steel, [87]-92;
- wrought iron and soft steel, [92], [93].
- Hardy, [12], [13], [111], [112].
- Hasp, door, [64]-66.
- Heading tool, [19].
- Heating, [48]-50.
- Heating air for blast furnace, [168]-170;
- tool steel, [85], [86].
- Heavy boring tool, [103];
- flat tongs, [96], [97], [98].
- Hollow bit tongs, [10], [11].
- Hot cutter, [12]-[14], [109], [110].
- Ingots, [185], [186].
- Ingot stripper, [189].
- Injuries to steel, [85].
- Iron, cold-short, [168];
- colors and temperatures for, [94];
- distribution of, [162];
- native, [161];
- red-short, [168];
- welding, [47];
- wrought, [178].
- Iron ore, [161]-162;
- ferrous carbonate a form of, [164];
- limonite a form of, [163], [164];
- magnetite a form of, [162], [163];
- nickel in, [161];
- red hematite a form of, [163].
- Iron oxide in flux, [177].
- Jardinière stand or taboret, [154]-157.
- Jarring, [see] upsetting by jarring.
- Jump weld, [53], [54].
- Kiln, [167].
- Lap weld, [50]-52.
- Lathe tools, [101]-107.
- Lengths, formulas of, [197].
- Leverage blow, [34], [35].
- Light boring tool, [103], [104];
- chain tongs, [98]-101.
- Limonite, [163], [164].
- Link tongs, [10], [11].
- Machine forgings, [137]-145.
- Magnetite, [162], [163].
- Malleable iron, [174].
- Manual training forge, [2], [3].
- Material for welding, [47], [48].
- Meteorites, [161].
- Mild steel, [183].
- Mill iron, [174].
- Mushet, [186].
- Nasmyth, James, [124].
- Native iron, [161].
- Offsets, [143]-145.
- Open eye, [114], [115].
- Open-hearth furnace, [192], [193], [194], [195].
- Open-hearth process, [177], [178], [193]-196.
- Ore, definition of, [161].
- Ores, preparation of, [165];
- value of, [164], [165].
- Overhanging blow, [32].
- Oxides, colored, [88], [89].
- Oxidizing fire, [49].
- Parting tool, [see] cutting-off tool.
- Phosphorus in iron, [168].
- Pick-up tongs, [10], [11].
- Pig boiling, [178].
- Pig iron, classification of, [173].
- Pig molding machine, [171]-173.
- Pigs, cast-iron, [171].
- Pipe hook, [60], [61], [62].
- Plug punch, use of, [136].
- Preparation of ores, [165].
- Presses, [124].
- Puddling process, [178], [179]-183.
- Punches, [16], [17], [24], [25], [136], [137].
- Pure iron, [162].
- Questions for review, [28], [29], [57], [82], [95], [121], [122], [145], [160], [176], [196].
- Ramming, [see] upsetting by ramming.
- Reading lamp, [158], [159].
- Red hematite, [163].
- Reducing fire, [49], [50].
- Reduction furnace, [170]-173.
- Refining pig iron, [177].
- Refining process, four stages of, [180], [181].
- Refining steel, [88].
- Reverberatory furnace, description of, [179], [193], [194].
- Right side tool, [106], [107].
- Ring bolts, [see] eye bolts.
- Riveting, [147], [148].
- Roasting ore, [166], [167].
- Rod strap, [139], [140].
- Rolling machines, [183].
- Rolling tool steel, [182].
- Round-edged set hammer, [15], [16], [112], [113].
- Round weld, [69], [70].
- Rule, [24], [25].
- Saddle, [see] yoke.
- Scarfing, [50].
- Scriber or scratch awl, [25], [26].
- Scroll bending, [150];
- fastenings, [147], [148];
- former, [148], [149].
- Shearing blow, [36], [37].
- Shingling, [182].
- Ship-smith eye, [117], [118].
- S hook, [59], [60].
- Side fuller, [see] checking tool.
- Side tongs, [10], [11];
- tool, [106], [107].
- Slag, [168].
- Sledges, [9].
- Snap, [see] button head set.
- Solid forged, eye, [117], [118];
- ring, [143].
- Spathic ore, [164], [165].
- Spiegeleisen, [163], [164], [189], [190].
- Spring fullers, [131].
- Spring swages, [see] combined top and bottom swages.
- Square, [25], [26].
- Square-cornered angle, [67]-69.
- Square-edged set hammer, [15], [16], [111].
- Standard dimensions of nuts and bolts, [197].
- Staple, [58].
- Steam hammer, [124], [125].
- Steam hammer tools, [126]-137.
- Steam hammer work, exercises in, [137]-145.
- Steel, [183]-196.
- Steel, kind of, suitable for tools, [83].
- Steel, tool, [83]-95;
- annealing of, [86], [87];
- colors on surface of, [88], [89];
- injuries to, [85], [86]:
- hardening and tempering of, [87]-92;
- oil-tempered, [90];
- percentage of carbon in, [83]-85;
- proper and improper heating of, [85], [86];
- proper and improper treatment of, [91], [92];
- temperature and color charts for, [94];
- two methods of hardening and tempering, [89], [90];
- water annealing of, [87];
- welding of, [48].
- Steel, uses of different grades of, [84], [85].
- Stock calculation for bonding, [118]-121.
- Straightening, [44], [45].
- Sulphur in iron and steel, [168].
- Surface plate, [20], [21].
- Swage block, [19], [20].
- Swages, combined top and bottom, [133], [134];
- top and bottom, [17], [18], [134].
- Swing sledge, [see] double-faced sledge.
- Swivels, [76]-80.
- Tapered mandrels, [21], [22].
- Taper tool, [see] bevel tool.
- Tempering, temperature and color chart for, [94].
- Tempering heat as determined by colors, [88]-91;
- by scientific apparatus, [91], [92].
- Tempering tool steel, [87]-92.
- Threading tool, [see] light boring tool.
- Tilting hammer, [186].
- Tongs, [9], [10], [11], [12], [96]-101;
- chisel, [10], [11];
- flat-jawed, [10];
- heavy flat, [96], [97], [98];
- hollow bit, [10], [11];
- light chain, [98], [99], [100], [101];
- link, [10], [11];
- pick-up, [10], [11]:
- side, [10], [11];
- tool, [10],[11].
- Tool, checking, [130], [131];
- for welding a swivel, [76];
- heading, [19].
- Tools, bench and measuring, [22]-28;
- fire, [4];
- forging, [12]-28, [107]-118;
- lathe, [101]-107.
- Tool tongs, [10], [11].
- Top and bottom, fullers, [18], [19];
- swages, [133], [134].
- Trimming chisel, [127], [128].
- Tuyère, [3], [187], [188].
- T weld, [72], [73].
- Twisting, [45], [46].
- Twisting wrench, [see] bending wrench.
- Umbrella stand, [157], [158], [159].
- Upright blow, [30], [31].
- Upsetting, [41]-43;
- by “backing-up,” [43];
- by hammering, [42], [43];
- by jarring, [43];
- by ramming, [43].
- Value of ores, [164]-165.
- V block, [135].
- Vise, bench, [22], [23].
- V weld, [54]-56.
- Washing ore, [165].
- Water swaging, [18].
- Weathering ore, [165].
- Weights and areas of square and round bars, [202]-204.
- Weights, formulas of, [197].
- Weights of flat rolled steel per linear foot, [199]-201.
- Welded ring, [74], [75], [76].
- Welding, [46], [47], [147];
- fagot, [69];
- heat, [51], [52];
- material for, [47], [48].
- Welds, [50]-56, [69]-73;
- butt, [52], [53];
- cleft, [52], [53];
- flat right-angled, [70], [71], [72];
- jump, [53], [54];
- lap, [50]-52;
- round, [69], [70];
- T, [72], [73];
- V, [54]-56.
- Yoke or saddle, [135], [136].
Transcriber’s Notes.
The spelling, punctuation and hyphenation from the original has been retained except for apparent typographical errors.