69. Draw Spike.—[Fig. 49]. Bending and drawing. Material required: 7 inches of 1⁄4-inch round iron.
Fig. 49.—Steps in Making a Draw Spike.
Bend 31⁄4 inches of one end nearly to a right angle; have the inner corner almost sharp and square, the outer portion circular at the corner. Then form a perfectly circular eye of the 31⁄4-inch end, having the center of the eye in line with the central portion of the stem. When drawing the point, first draw it square, then octagonal, and then finish it to a round. (See [Fig. 49] for dimensions and stages.)
70. S Hook.—[Fig. 50]. Drawing and bending. Material required: 5 inches of 1⁄4-inch round iron.
Draw 1⁄2 inch of each end to a smooth, round point; this should make the length from point to point 61⁄4 inches, and the central portion for 4 inches should be full-sized 1⁄4-inch round. Using half of the entire length, bend the first hook to an inside diameter of 7⁄8 inch, then bend the remaining half in the opposite direction to the same diameter, bringing both points directly toward each other, as shown. When heating for bending, be careful to avoid burning the points. (See [Fig. 50] for dimensions and stages.)
Fig. 50.—Steps in Making an S Hook.
71. Pipe Hook.—[Fig. 51]. Upsetting, forging, and bending. Material required: 9 inches of 1⁄2-inch square. Norway iron or soft steel is best for this exercise.