Naming of salts. A salt derived from a binary acid is given a name consisting of the names of the two elements composing it, with the termination -ide. Example: sodium chloride (NaCl). All other binary compounds are named in the same way.
A salt of a ternary acid is named in accordance with the acid from which it is derived. A ternary acid with the termination -ic gives a salt with the name ending in -ate, while an acid with termination -ous gives a salt with the name ending in -ite. The following table will make the application of these principles clear:
| ACIDS | SYMBOL | SALTS | SYMBOL |
| Hydrochloric | HCl | Sodium chloride | NaCl |
| Hypochlorous | HClO | Sodium hypochlorite | NaClO |
| Chlorous | HClO2 | Sodium chlorite | NaClO2 |
| Chloric | HClO3 | Sodium chlorate | NaClO3 |
| Perchloric | HClO4 | Sodium perchlorate | NaClO4 |
EXERCISES
1. 25 cc. of a solution containing 40 g. of sodium hydroxide per liter was found to neutralize 25 cc. of a solution of hydrochloric acid. What was the strength of the acid solution?
2. After neutralizing a solution of sodium hydroxide with nitric acid, there remained after evaporation 100 g. of sodium nitrate. How much of each substance had been used?
3. A solution contains 18 g. of hydrochloric acid per 100 cc. It required 25 cc. of this solution to neutralize 30 cc. of a solution of sodium hydroxide. What was the strength of the sodium hydroxide solution in parts per hundred?
4. When perfectly dry sulphuric acid is treated with perfectly dry sodium hydroxide, no chemical change takes place. Explain.
5. When cold, concentrated sulphuric acid is added to zinc, no change takes place. Recall the action of dilute sulphuric acid on the same metal. How do you account for the difference?