STEEL:
A MANUAL FOR STEEL-USERS.
BY
WILLIAM METCALF.
FIRST EDITION.
FIRST THOUSAND.
NEW YORK:
JOHN WILEY & SONS.
London: CHAPMAN & HALL, Limited.
1896.
Copyright, 1896,
BY WILLIAM METCALF.
ROBERT DRUMMOND,
ELECTROTYPER AND PRINTER,
NEW YORK.
INTRODUCTION.
Twenty-seven years of active practice in the manufacture of steel brought the author in daily contact with questions involving the manipulation of steel, its properties, and the results of any operations to which it was subjected.
Blacksmiths, edge-tool makers, die-makers, machine-builders, and engineers were continually asking questions whose answers involved study and experiment.
During these years the Bessemer and the open-hearth processes were developed from infancy to their present enormous stature; and the shadows of these young giants, ever menacing to the expensive and fragile crucible, kept one in a constant state of watching, anxiety, and more study.