A Briefe Introduction to Geography

by William Pemble

Ad Boream terræ, Sed Coeli mensor ad Austrum,
Præco Dei exortum videt, occasumque Poeta.

Geographers looke to the North, Astronomers to the South.
Priests turne them to the East, & Poets to the West.

A table of the climats.

Climes	Paralells	The longest summer day.		Latitude & elevation of Pole.		The breadth of the Climats.		The places by which the climates passe.
		Hou.	Scr.	Scr.	Degr.	Deg.	Scr.
0	0	12	0	0	0	4	18	The beginning from the Aequator.
	1	12	15	4	18
1	2	12	30	8	34	8	25	Sinus Arabicus or the Red Sea.
	3	1	45	12	43
2	4	13	0	16	43	7	50	Meroe an Iland of Nilus in Aegypt.
	5	13	15	20	33
3	6	13	40	23	10	7	3	Siene a Citty in Africa.
	7	13	45	27	36
4	8	14	0	30	47	6	9	Alexandria in Aegypt.
	9	14	15	33	45
5	10	14	30	36	30	5	17	Rhodes and Babylon.
	11	14	45	39	2
6	12	15	0	41	22	4	30	Rome and Hellespont.
	13	15	15	43	32
7	14	15	30	45	29	3	48	Venice and Millaine.
	15	15	45	47	20
8	16	16	0	49	21	3	13	Podalia and the lesser Tartary.
	17	16	15	50	33
9	18	16	30	51	58	2	44	Batavia and Wittenberge.
	19	16	45	53	17
10	20	17	0	54	29	2	17	Rostoch.
	21	17	15	55	34
11	22	17	30	56	37	2	0	Ireland and Moscovy.
	23	17	45	57	34
12	24	18	0	58	26	1	40	Bohus a Castle in Norwey.
	25	18	15	59	1
13	26	18	30	59	59	1	26	Gothland.
	27	18	45	60	40
14	28	19	0	61	18	1	13	Bergia in Norwey.
	29	19	15	61	53
15	30	19	30	62	25	1	0	Wiburge in Finland.
	31	19	45	62	54
16	32	20	0	63	22	0	52	Arotia in Sweden.
	33	20	15	63	46
17	34	20	30	64	6	0	44	The mouth of Darecally a riv. ofSwedẽ.
	35	20	45	64	30
18	36	21	0	64	49	0	36	Diverse places in Norwey.
	37	21	15	65	6
19	38	21	30	65	21	0	29	Suetia, Alba Russia.
	39	21	45	65	35
20	40	22	0	65	47	0	22	With many Ilands.
	41	22	15	65	57
21	42	22	30	66	6	0	17	Thereunto adioyning.
	43	22	45	66	14
22	44	23	0	66	20	0	11	Wanting speciall names.
	45	23	15	66	25
23	46	23	30	66	28	0	5	And Landmarkes.
	47	23	45	66	20
24	48	24	0	66	31	0	0	Island vnder the Articke circle.
Here the Climats are accounted by the months from 66 Degr. 31min. where the day is 24 houres vnto the Pole it selfe set at 90Degrees where the artificiall day is sixe Months.		Menses				These Climats are supposed to passe by diverse Ilands within theArticke circle as Groenland, Island, Greenland: wherein as yetfor the narrownesse of these climats comming neere together, andthe vncertainty of observation no speciall places haue beeneassigned as to the other.
		1		67	15
		2		69	30
		3		73	20
		4		78	20
		5		84	0
		6		90	0

1. The vse of this table is easie.
   1. In the first Culumne are contained the names and number of the Climats.
   2. In the second the Paralells which enclose it on each side, and deuide it in the middest. For the paralells here are drawne by euery halfe houres encrease.
   3. The third Columne is the length of the Day in Summer, in euery Climate, which from 12. houres encreaseth by halfe houres to 24. houres after by moneths, from one moneth to sixe.
   4. The fourth containes the degrees of latitude, how farre euery climate lies from the Æquinoctiall.
   5. The fift contaynes the space or breadth of euery Climate, how many degrees or minutes it takes vp vpon the Earth.
   6. The sixt containes some notable places by which the Climats passe.
2. Hereby it is easie to know what the longest Day is in any Place of the worlde whose latitude is knowne. Or contrarily the longest Day being knowne to know the latitude. For example Oxford hath latitude 52.0. degrees longitude 24.0. In the table I finde that 52. degrees of Latitude lie in the 9th Climate wherein the day is 16. houres and a halfe longe. So much I say the Day is at Oxford in Summer. The place of Oxford in the Hæmisphere is at (V.)
3. Vpon Globes the Climats are not vsually described, but are noted out vpon the brazen Meridian. So also in vniversall mappes they are seldome drawne, to avoide confusion of many lines together, but they are many times marked out on the limbe or edge of the mappe.

CAP. 6.

Of the measuring of the earth.

Wee are now come to the last point concerning the measuring of the Earth, which is two fold. Either of the

1. Whole earth.
2. Severall parts thereof, and their distance one from another.

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