[5] Cf. however, postea, 315.
[6] Oric Bates, Ancient Egyptian Fishing, Harvard African Studies, I., 1917, p. 248. With a “running line,” Leintz in U.S.A. cast April, 1921, 437 ft. 7 in.
[7] Dr. Turrell, the author of that researchful book, Ancient Angling Authors, London, 1910, while of opinion that the “wheele” was in the course of time evolved from the “wind” of the troller, differentiates between their uses in fishing. Barker “put in a wind to turn with a barrell, to gather up his line and loose at his pleasure: this was his manner of trouling.” Walton’s words are, “a line of wire through which the line may run to as great a length as is needful when (the fish is) hook’d and for that end some use a wheele,” etc. The use of the “wind” as described by Barker in his first edition was simply to gather up the slack line in working the bait, “this was the manner of his trouling”; while that of Walton’s “wheele” was to let the line go, in playing the rushes of salmon, of which his experience seems mainly vicarious.
Sea-anglers of the present day prefer in many cases man-handling the line to using the reel: thus the Spanish fisherman on striking a tunny throws the whole Rod back into the boat, the crew of which seize the line (which is of great thickness) and haul the fish in by sheer brute force. (See The Rod on the Rivieras (1911), p. 232.)
[8] With good reason the author styles his work, “Ouvrage très curieux, utile, et récréatif pour toutes personnes qui font leur séjour à la campagne.”
[9] No example of a running line has ever been produced from either ancient literature or ancient art, but on the other hand numerous illustrations of the tight line on vases, frescoes, mosaics, etc., are extant. To the examples collected by G. Lafaye in Daremberg and Saglio, Dict. des antiquités, iv. 489, ff. s.v. ‘piscatio,’ can be added: (a) Ivory relief from Sparta, seventh century b.c., published by R. M. Dawkins in the Annual Report of the Brit. School at Athens, 1906-7, xiii. 100, ff., pl. 4. (b) Black figured lekythos from Hope Collection (Sale Cat. No. 22), published by E. M. W. Tillyard in Essays and Studies presented to W. Ridgeway, Cambridge, 1913, edited by E. C. Quiggin, p. 186, ff. with plate. (c) Græco-Roman gem in A. Furtwängler, Beschreibung der geschnittenen Steine im Antiquarium (zu Berlin), Berlin, 1896, p. 257, No. 6898, pl. 51. Cf. the same author, Die Antiken Gemmen, Leipzig-Berlin, 1900, i. pl. 28, 25, and pl. 36, 5; ii. 140 and 174. A. H. Smith, Cat. of Engraved Gems in the Brit. Museum, London, 1888, p. 191, Nos. 1797-99, and p. 206, No. 2043. (d) Coins of Carteia in Spain, well represented by A. Heiss, Description générale des Monnaies antiques de l’Espagne, Paris, 1870, p. 331 f., pl. 49, 19-21. (e) Mosaic in Melos, see R. C. Bosanquet in the Jour. of Hell. Studies, 1898, xviii. 71 ff., pl. 1. (f) Silver krater from Hildesheim shows Cupids with fishing rods and tridents catching all sorts of sea-beasties. E. Pernice and F. Winter, Der Hildesheimer Silberfund, Berlin, 1901, pls. 32, 33. Cf. S. Reinach, Répertoire de Reliefs grecs et romains, Paris, 1909, i. 165 f. (g) H. B. Walters, Cat. of Greek and Roman Lamps in the Brit. Museum, London, 1914, p. 79 f., No. 527, Pl. 16, p. 99 f.; No. 656, pl. 22, p. 96, No. 635. The accompanying illustration is reproduced by kind permission of Mr. E. M. W. Tillyard and of the University Press, Cambridge.
[10] Aristotle, N.H. ix. 37. Plutarch, De Sol. Anim. 27, translated by Holland. Ælian, N.H. ix. 24. See Pliny, N.H. ix. 42.
[11] Presidential Address to the British Association for the Advancement of Science (Newcastle, 1916), pp. 6-9. Cf. M. Burkitt, Prehistory, Cambridge, 1921, chs. iv-xx.
[12] E. A. Parkyn, Prehistoric Art, London, 1915.
[13] The Neolithic stage, some hold, is characterised by the presence of polished stone implements and in particular the stone axe, which, judging from its perforation, so as to be more effectually fastened to a wooden handle, was probably used rather for wood than conflict. T. Peisker, Cambridge Mediæval History, 1911, vol. i., has much of interest on the domestication of this period.