[LIST OF FLOWERS]
CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO THEIR HABITATS AND HABITS

The following list of wild flowers, classified according to their habits and principal habitats, will assist the student in his attempts to identify unknown species. A general acquaintance with the chief distinguishing features of the orders, or, failing this, a frequent reference to these features as given in [Chapter I], will be a valuable help; and, the order once determined, the few particulars added to each name will generally narrow the search down to one or two species, leaving the final decision to the more detailed description given in the text.

The first number given after each name is the height, or, in the case of climbing and trailing species, the length of the plant; and this is followed by the colour and diameter, of the flower, or, in the case of the Dipsaceæ, Compositæ, and some other plants in which the flowers are densely clustered, the diameter of the cluster or head.

Abbreviations are used as follows:—

A combination of two of the above denotes an intermediate colour. Thus—G.Y. denotes a greenish yellow; Pu. Br., a purple-brown, &c.

1. Woods and Thickets—Spring (Herbaceous Plants)
PAGE
Wood Anemone. 4-8 ins. W. 1 in.[48]
Green Hellebore. 12-20 ins. G. 1 in.[49]
Stinking Hellebore. 1-2 ft. G. ½ in.[49]
Goldilocks. 6-10 ins. Y. ⅝ in.[50]
Columbine. 1-2 ft. W., Bl. or Pu. 1 in.[50]
Dog Violet. 3-6 ins. Bl. or Pu. ⅝ in.[50]
Wood Sorrel. 4-6 ins. W. ⅝ in.[52]
Wood Strawberry. 2-6 ins. W. ½ in.[53]
Sweet Woodruff. 8 ins. W. ¼ in.[54]
Lesser Periwinkle. 1-2 ft. Bl. ⅞ in.[54]
Toothwort. 5-10 ins. Pu.Br. ⅜ in.[54]
Bugle. 3-12 ins. Bl. or Pu. ⅜ in.[55]
Yellow Dead Nettle. 10-18 ins. Y. ⅝ in.[55]
Primrose. 4-7 ins. p.Y. 1 to 1¼ in.[56]
Lady's Slipper. 1 ft. Br. and Y. 2 ins.[58]
Broad-leaved Garlic. 6-12 ins. W. ¾ in.[59]
Sand Garlic. 2-3 ft. R.Pu. ¼ in.[59]
Star of Bethlehem. 6-12 ins. W. 1 in. or more[59]
Blue-bell. 6-18 ins. Bl. ½ in.[60]
Daffodil. 12-18 ins. Y. 2 ins.[48]
Hairy Sedge.[60]
Wood Melic Grass[60]
2. Spring Flowering Trees and Shrubs.
Barberry. 4-7 ft. p.Y. ⅜ in.[61]
Sycamore. 40-50 ft. Y.G. ¼ in.[62]
Maple. 15-20 ft. Y.G. ¼ in.[63]
Spindle Tree. 4-10 ft. Y.G. ⅜ in.[64]
Wild Cherry. 4-8 ft. W. ⅝ in.[64]
Bird Cherry. 12-15 ft. W. ½ in.[64]
Gean. 12-18 ft. W. ⅝ in.[65]
Sloe or Blackthorn. 4-8 ft. W. ½ in.[65]
Bullace. 5-8 ft. W. ½ in.[66]
Hawthorn. 12-20 ft. W. ½ in.[66]
Wild Pear. 20-30 ft. W. 1 in.[66]
Crab Apple. 10-20 ft. W. and P. 1½ in.[66]
Service Tree. 12-20 ft. W. ⅝ in.[67]
White Beam. 10-30 ft. W. ½ in.[68]
Mountain Ash. 10-30 ft. Cr.W. 7⁄16 in.[68]
Black Currant. 3-5 ft. Y.G. 5⁄16 in.[69]
Red Currant. 3-5 ft. Y.G. ¼ in.[69]
Wayfaring Tree. 10-20 ft. W. 3⁄16 in.[69]
Ash. 40-50 ft. Br. ⅛ in.[69]
Spurge Laurel. 2-4 ft. Y.G. ¼ in.[70]
Mezereon. 2-4 ft. p.R. 3⁄16 in.[70]
Common Elm. 50-120 ft. Br. Clusters ½ in.[71]
Wych Elm. 40-100 ft. Br. Clusters ½ in.[71]
Oak. 40-100 ft. G.[72]
Beech. 40-100 ft. G.[73]
Hornbeam. 20-60 ft. G.[74]
Hazel. 8-16 ft. Y.G.[74]
Common Birch. 20-50 ft. G.[75]
Dwarf Birch. 1-3 ft. G.[75]
Alder. 20-50 ft. R.Br.[75]
White Poplar. 60-100 ft. Pu.Br.[76]
Grey Poplar. 60-100 ft. Pu.Br.[76]
Aspen. 30-80 ft. d.Br.[76]
Black Poplar. 50-60 ft. Pu.Br.[77]
Scots Pine. 50-100 ft. G.Y.[77]
Yew. 20-50 ft. G. ⅛ in.[78]
NOTE.—The colours given above, in the case of trees bearing catkins,are generally those of the more conspicuous male flowers.
3. Waysides and Waste Ground—Spring.
Celandine. 1-2 ft. Y. ¾ in.[81]
Shepherd's Purse. 6-18 ins. W. 1⁄10 in.[81]
Scurvy Grass. 4-8 ins. W. ¼ in.[82]
Whitlow Grass. 1-4 ins. W. ⅛ in.[82]
Yellow Rocket. 1-2 ft. Y. 5⁄16 in.[83]
Early Winter Cress. 1-2 ft. Y. 3⁄16 in.[84]
Garlic Mustard. 1-2 ft. W. ¼ in.[84]
Thale Cress. 6-10 ins. W. ⅛ in.[84]
Rape. 1-2 ft. Y. ⅜ in.[85]
Wild Turnip. 1-2 ft. Y. ⅜ in.[85]
Sweet Violet. 3-6 ins. V., Li. or W. ¾ in.[85]
Ciliated Pearlwort. 2-4 ins. W. ⅛ in.[85]
Procumbent Pearlwort. 2-3 ins. W. ⅛ in.[85]
Greater Stitchwort. 1-2 ft. W. ¾ in.[86]
Lesser Stitchwort. 1-3 ft. W. 3⁄16 in.[87]
Chickweed. 3-12 ins. W. 3⁄16 in.[87]
Clustered Mouse-ear Chickweed. 6-10 ins. W. 3⁄16 in.[88]
Narrow-leaved Mouse-ear Chickweed. 6-10 ins. W. ¼ in.[88]
Dove's-foot Crane's-bill. 8-12 ins. P. ⅜ in.[89]
Jagged-leaved Crane's-bill. 1-2 ft. R. ⅜ in.[89]
Herb Robert. 1-2 ft. P. ½ in.[90]
Black Medick. ½-2 ft. Y. Heads ¼ in.[90]
Grass Vetchling. 1-2 ft. C. ⅜ in.[92]
Bird's Foot. 6-18 ins. Cr. and C. Heads ¼ in.[92]
Bush Vetch. 2-3 ft. p.Pu. 7⁄16 in.[92]
Barren Strawberry. 2-6 ins. W. ½ in.[93]
Moschatel. 4-6 ins. Y.G. Heads ⅜ in.[93]
White Bryony. 6-12 ft. G.W. ⅝ in.[94]
Common Beaked Parsley. 2-3 ft. W. ⅛ in.[95]
Chervil. 3-4 ft. W. ⅛ in.[95]
Garden Beaked Parsley. 18 ins. W. 1⁄10 in.[96]
Gout-weed. 1-2 ft. G.W. ⅛ in.[96]
Crosswort. 6-18 ins. Y. 1⁄10 in.[97]
Mouse-ear Hawkweed. 2-10 ins. Y. Head 1 in.[98]
Groundsel. 6-12 ins. Y. Heads 3⁄16 in.[98]
Colt's-foot. 6 ins. Y. Heads 1 in.[98]
Thyme-leaved Speedwell. 3-10 ins. Li. ¼ in.[100]
Common Speedwell. 2-10 ins. p.Bl. 1⁄6 in.[100]
Germander Speedwell. 12-18 ins. Bl. ½ in.[100]
Wall Speedwell. 4-12 ins. p.Bl. 3⁄16 in.[101]
Grey Field Speedwell. 3-7 ins. Bl. 3⁄16 in.[101]
Green Field Speedwell. 4-8 ins. Bl. 3⁄16 in.[102]
White Dead Nettle. 6-18 ins. W. ⅝ in.[102]
Red Dead Nettle. 6-18 ins. Pu. ¼ in.[103]
Cut-leaved Dead Nettle. 6-18 ins. Ro. ¼ in.[103]
Ground Ivy. 8-20 ins. Bl.Pu. 5⁄16 in.[104]
Early Field Scorpion Grass. 4-10 ins. Bl. 1⁄16 in.[104]
Yellow Pimpernel. 4-10 ins. Y. ½ in.[105]
Dog's Mercury. 6-18 ins. G. 3⁄16 in.[105]
Black Bryony. 5-10 ft. Y.G. 3⁄16 in.[106]
Cuckoo Pint. 8-20 ins.[106]
Annual Meadow Grass.[107]
4. Meadows, Fields and Pastures—Spring.
Lesser Celandine. 3-6 ins. Y. 1 in.[108]
Creeping Buttercup. 6-12 ins. Y. ⅞ in.[109]
Bulbous Buttercup. 1-2 ft. Y. 1 in.[110]
Field Penny Cress. 6-24 ins. W. ⅛ in.[110]
Cuckoo Flower. 1-2 ft. W. or Li. ⅝ in.[111]
Wild Pansy. 4-10 ins. W.Y. and Pu. ¾ in.[111]
Ragged Robin. 1-2 ft. R. or Ro. 1 in.[112]
Spotted Medick. 6-24 ins. Y. 3⁄16 in.[112]
Netted Medick. 10-20 ins. Y. 1⁄16 in.[112]
Subterranean Trefoil. 6-18 ins. W.P. or C. ⅛ in.[113]
White Clover. 2-20 ins. W. 3⁄16 in. Heads ⅞ in.[113]
Hybrid Trefoil. 3-20 ins. W. or P. 3⁄16 in. Heads ⅞ in.[113]
Purple Clover. 5-20 ins. Pu. ¼ in. Heads 1¼ in.[113]
Spring Vetch. 8 ins. Pu. ¼ in.[114]
Common Vetch. 1-2 ft. p.Pu. ⅜ in.[115]
Meadow Saxifrage. 6-10 ins. W. ⅝ in.[115]
Earthnut. 1-3 ft. W. ⅛ in.[116]
Daisy. 2-6 ins. W. and Y. Heads ¾ in.[116]
Dandelion. 2-8 ins. Y. Head 1½ in. or more[116]
Butter-bur. 4-12 ins. P. or Pu. Heads ⅜ in.[117]
Yellow Rattle. 6-18 ins. Y. ¼ in.[118]
Field Louse-wort. 4-8 ins. Ro. ⅝ in.[118]
Henbit Dead Nettle. 5-10 ins. Ro. or Pu. ¼ in.[119]
Changing Scorpion Grass. 4-10 ins. Y. or Bl. 1⁄10 in.[119]
Cowslip. 6-12 ins. Y. 7⁄16 in.[120]
Common Sorrel. 1-2 ft. R.Pu. ⅛ in.[120]
Sheep's Sorrel. 3-12 ins. R.Pu. ⅛ in.[121]
Twayblade. 1-2 ft. Y.G. 7⁄16 in.[121]
Green-winged Orchis. 6-12 ins. G. and Pu. ½ in.[122]
Early Purple Orchis. 6-18 ins. Pu.P. or W., ⅝ in.[122]
Fox-tail Grass.[122]
5. Bogs, Marshes and Wet Places—Spring.
Marsh Marigold. 9-18 ins. Y. 1¼ in.[123]
Marsh Violet. 2-6 ins. Li. ⅝ in.[123]
Sundew. 2-6 ins. W. 3⁄16 in.[355]
Marsh Stitchwort. 6-18 ins. W. ½ in.[124]
Bog Stitchwort. 4-12 ins. W. 3⁄16 in.[124]
Marsh Cinquefoil. 6-18 ins. Pu.Br. ⅞ in.[124]
Common Golden Saxifrage 2-5 ins. Y. ⅛ in.[125]
Alternate-leaved Golden Saxifrage. 2-5 ins. Y. ⅛ in.[125]
Marsh Pennywort. Creeping. W. 1⁄16 in.[126]
Marsh Valerian. 6-8 ins. p.Ro. ⅛ in.[126]
Marsh Trefoil. 6-12 ins. P.W. ¾ in.[127]
Red Rattle. 6-18 ins. C. ⅝ in.[127]
Willows.[128]
Yellow Flag. 2-4 ft. Y. 3 ins.[129]
6. Woods, Thickets and Copses—Summer.
Lime Tree. 20-50 ft. Y.G. ⅜ in.[130]
Tutsan. 1-3 ft. Y. ¾ in.[132]
Rose of Sharon. 10-18 ins. Y. 3 ins.[132]
Common St. John's Wort. 1-2 ft. Y. ¾ in.[132]
Hairy St John's Wort. 1-3 ft. Y. ¾ in.[133]
Wood Crane's-bill. 1-2 ft. Bl.Pu. 1 in.[133]
Dyer's Green-weed. 1-2 ft. Y. ⅝ in.[134]
Sweet Milk Vetch. 2-3 ft. p.Y. or Cr. ¼ in.[135]
Tuberous Bitter Vetch. 6-12 ins. R.Pu. ⅜ in.[135]
Narrow-leaved Everlasting Pea. 2-6 ft. p.Pu. ¾ in.[136]
Wild Raspberry. 3-5 ft. W. 7⁄16 in.[136]
Rose Bay Willow herb. 2-6 ft. Ro. 1 in.[137]
Pale Smooth-leaved Willow-herb. 1-2 ft. Ro. ⅜ in.[137]
Enchanter's Nightshade. 1-2 ft. W. ¼ in.[138]
Dogwood. 5-8 ft. Y.W. ½ in. (Shrub)[138]
Wood Sanicle. 1-2 ft. P.W. 1⁄16 in.[139]
Angelica. 2-4 ft. W. ⅛ in.[139]
Elder Tree. 12-20 ft. W. or Cr. ¼ in.[140]
Guelder Rose. 6-9 ft. W. 3⁄16 to ⅝ in. (Shrub).[141]
Great Valerian. 2-4 ft. P.W. 3⁄16 in.[142]
Succory-leaved Hawk's-beard 1-3 ft. Y. Head ⅞ in.[142]
Saw-wort. 1-3 ft. Pu. or C. Heads 5⁄16 in.[142]
Golden Rod. 6-24 ins. Y. Heads 7⁄16 in.[142]
Great Leopard's-bane. 2-3 ft. Y. 1½ ins.[143]
Plantain-leaved Leopard's-bane. 2-3 ft. Y. 2 ins.[143]
Giant Bell-flower. 3-5 ft. Bl. 1¼ ins.[144]
Creeping Bell-flower. 1-2 ft. Bl. 1 in.[144]
Nettle-leaved Bell-flower. 1-3 ft. Bl. 1 in.[144]
Ivy-leaved Bell-flower. Creeping. p.Bl. 5⁄16 in.[144]
Holly Tree. 10-30 ft. W. 5⁄16 in.[145]
Privet (shrub). 4-12 ft. W. 5⁄16 in.[145]
Common Cow-wheat. 6-18 ins. p.Y. ¼ in.[146]
Crested Cow-wheat. 6-20 ins. Y. and Pu. 3⁄16 in.[147]
Wood Cow-wheat. 6-20 ins. d. Y. ⅛-3⁄16 in.[147]
Foxglove. 2-6 ft. Pu. or W. ⅞ in.[148]
Wood Betony. 1-2 ft. Pu., C., P. or W. ⅜ in.[149]
Wood Forget-me-not. 1-2 ft. Bl. ⅜ in.[150]
Millet Grass.[150]
Bearded Wheat.[150]
Slender False Brome Grass.[150]
7. Waysides and Waste Ground—Summer.
Wild Clematis. 4-10 ft. W. ¾ in.[151]
Hedge Mustard. 1-2 ft. Y. 1⁄10 in.[152]
Felix Weed. 1-2 ft. G.Y. 1⁄16 in.[152]
Dyer's Weed. 2-3 ft. Y. 3⁄16 in.[153]
Deptford Pink. 12-18 ins. Ro. ½ in.[153]
Red Campion. 1-2 ft. R. ⅞ in.[153]
Common Mallow. 2-3 ft. Li. 1¼ in.[155]
Dwarf Mallow. 6-24 ins. Li. ⅝ in.[155]
Musk Mallow. 2-3 ft. Ro. or W. 1½ in.[156]
Round-leaved Crane's-bill. 6-12 ins. P. ⅜ in.[158]
Bloody Crane's-bill. 1-2 ft. C. 1 in.[158]
Small-flowered Crane's-bill. 6-18 ins. Li. 1⁄3 in.[158]
Hemlock Stork's-bill. 6-18 ins. Ro. or W. ½ in.[160]
Bird's-foot Trefoil. 6-15 ins. Y. or O. ½ in.[160]
Hairy Tare. 1-2 ft. p.Bl. ⅛ in.[161]
Slender Tare. 1-2 ft. Bl. ⅛ in.[161]
Tufted Vetch. 3-6 ft. Bl.Pu. ¼ in.[162]
Herb Bennet. 1-2 ft. Y. ⅝ in.[164]
Dog Rose. 4-8 ft. P. or W. 2 ins.[164]
Silver Weed. 6-12 ins. Y. ⅞ in.[165]
Hoary Cinquefoil. 6-18 ins. Y. ½ in.[166]
Creeping Cinquefoil. 6-18 ins. Y. ¾ in.[166]
Agrimony. 1-2 ft. Y. ⅜ in.[166]
Broad Smooth-leaved Willow-herb. 1-2 ft. p.Pu. ⅜ in.[166]
Orpine. 10-20 ins. R.Pu. ⅜ in.[166]
Hemlock. 2-6 ft. W. 1⁄16 in.[169]
Fool's Parsley. 12-18 ins. W. 1⁄16 in.[170]
Wild Parsnip. 2-3 ft. Y. 1⁄10 in.[170]
Cow Parsnip. 4-5 ft. R.W. Outer flowers ⅜ in.[170]
Upright Hedge Parsley. 2-3 ft. W. or P. ⅛ in.[171]
Rough Chervil. 1-3 ft. W. ⅛ in.[171]
Honeysuckle. 10-12 ft. Y. and R. 1 in.[172]
Upright Honeysuckle. 3-6 ft. p.Y. ¼ in.[172]
Perfoliate Honeysuckle. 10-12 ft. R.W. 1¼ in.[172]
Great Hedge Bedstraw. 2-5 ft. W. 3⁄16 in.[172]
Goose Grass. 2-5 ft. W. 1⁄10 in.[173]
Teasel. 3-6 ft. p.Pu. Heads 2 ins.[173]
8. Waysides and Waste Ground—Summer.
(Composite Flowers Only.)
Yellow Goat's-beard. 1-2 ft. Y. Heads 1¼ in.[177]
Bristly Ox-tongue. 2-3 ft. Y. Heads ⅞ in.[177]
Hawkweed Picris. 2-3 ft. Y. Heads 1 in.[178]
Strong-scented Lettuce. 3-4 ft. p.Y. Heads ⅜ in.[178]
Prickly Lettuce. 3-4 ft. Y. Heads ¼ in.[179]
Sharp-fringed Sow Thistle. 2-3 ft. Y. Heads ¾ in.[179]
Common Sow Thistle. 2-3 ft. Y. Heads ¾ in.[180]
Smooth Hawk's-beard. ½-3 ft. Y. Heads ½ in.[180]
Shrubby Hawkweed. 2-4 ft. Y. Heads ¾ in.[181]
Nipplewort. 1-2 ft. Y. Heads ⅜ in.[181]
Chicory. 1-3 ft. Bl. Heads 1½ in.[182]
Burdock. 2-6 ft. Pu. Heads ¾ in.[182]
Welted Thistle. 1-3 ft. Pu. Heads ¾ in.[183]
Spear Thistle. 1-5 ft. Pu. Heads 1¼ in.[183]
Creeping Thistle. 2-4 ft. Pu. Heads ¾ in.[184]
Tansy. 3 ft. Y. Heads ½ in.[185]
Mugwort. 2-4 ft. Br.Y. Heads ⅛ in.[185]
Wormwood. 1-2 ft. Y. Heads 3⁄16 in.[186]
Common Ragwort. 1-4 ft. Y. Heads ⅞ in.[187]
Feverfew. 1-2 ft. Y. and W. Heads ⅝ in.[187]
Scentless Mayweed. 1-2 ft. Y. and W. Heads 1¼-2 in.[188]
Milfoil. 6-18 ins. W. Heads 5⁄16 in.[189]
9. Waysides and Waste Ground—Summer (continued).
Rampion Bellflower. 2-3 ft. Bl. ⅝ in.[190]
Great Bindweed. 4-6 ft. W. 2 ins.[190]
Great Dodder. Parasitic. P. Heads ½ in.[341]
Lesser Dodder. Parasitic. P. Heads ¼ in.[341]
Flax Dodder. Parasitic. P. Heads ½ in.[341]
Clover Dodder. Parasitic. P. Heads ¼ in.[341]
Henbane. 1-2 ft. Y. ⅞ in.[191]
Black Nightshade. ½-2 ft. W. 7⁄16 in.[192]
Woody Nightshade. 3-6 ft. Pu. 7⁄16 in.[192]
Deadly Nightshade. 2-3 ft. Pu. ⅝ in.[194]
Red Bartsia. 6-18 ins. R. ¼ in.[195]
Yellow Toadflax. 1-3 ft. Y. ⅜ in.[195]
Vervein. 1-2 ft. Li. ⅛ in.[196]
Common Calamint. 1-2 ft. Pu. 1⁄3 in.[198]
Lesser Calamint. 1-2 ft. Pu. ¼ in.[198]
Balm. 1-3 ft. W. ⅜ in.[198]
Black Horehound. 2-3 ft. Pu. 1⁄3 in.[199]
Hedge Woundwort. 1-3 ft. R.Pu. 1⁄3 in.[199]
Field Scorpion Grass. 6-18 ins. Bl. 3⁄16 in.[200]
Gromwell. 12-18 ins. P.Y. 3⁄16 in.[200]
Borage. 1-2 ft. B. ⅞ in.[200]
Common Alkanet. 1-2 ft. B. 7⁄16 in.[201]
Evergreen Alkanet. 1-2 ft. B. ⅜ in.[201]
Hound's-tongue. 1-2 ft. R.Pu. ⅜ in.[201]
Buck's-horn Plantain. 2-9 ins. G. Spike 1-2 ins.[202]
Stinking Goose-foot. 6-15 ins. G. 1⁄16 in.[203]
Many-seeded Goose-foot. 8-20 ins. G. 1⁄16 in.[203]
Upright Goose-foot. 1-3 ft. G. 1⁄10 in.[203]
White Goose-foot. 1-3 ft. G. 1⁄10 in.[204]
Fig-leaved Goose-foot. 1-2 ft. G. 1⁄16 in.[204]
Red Goose-foot. 1-3 ft. G. 1⁄16 in.[204]
Mercury Goose-foot. 1-3 ft. G. 1⁄10 in.[204]
Orache. ½-3 ft. G. 1⁄16 in.[204]
Spotted Persicaria. 1-2 ft. G.Ro. ⅛ in.[205]
Pale Persicaria. 2-4 ft. G.P. ⅛ in.[206]
Knot-grass. 2-3 ft. Variable ⅛ in.[206]
Broad-leaved Dock. 2-3 ft. R.G. ⅛ in.[206]
Curled Dock. 2-3 ft. R.G. ⅛ in.[207]
Sun Spurge. 6-18 ins. G.Y. ¼ in.[208]
Petty Spurge. 6-12 ins. Y. 1⁄6 in.[208]
Small Nettle. 1-2 ft. G. 1⁄10 in.[209]
Great Nettle. 1-4 ft. G. 1⁄10 in.[209]
Roman Nettle. 1-2 ft. G. 1⁄5 in.[209]
Hop. 12-20 ft. G.Y. Male racemes 3½ ins. long. Female heads ⅝ in.[210]
Canary Grass.[210]
10. Meadows, Fields and Pastures—Summer.
Upright Buttercup. ½-3 ft. Y. ⅞ in.[211]
Pale Hairy Crowfoot. ½-1 ft. p.Y. ¾ in.[212]
Gold of Pleasure. 1-3 ft. Y. ⅛ in.[212]
Bladder Campion. 2-3 ft. W. ⅝ in.[213]
White Campion. 1-2 ft. W. 1 in.[213]
Kidney Vetch. 6-12 ins. Y. or O. ¼ in.[214]
Lucerne. 1-2 ft. Pu. or Bl. ¼ in.[215]
Common Melilot. 2-4 ft. Y. ⅛ in.[215]
Field Melilot. 1-2 ft. Y. 1⁄16 in.[216]
White Melilot. 2-3 ft. W. ⅛ in.[216]
Clustered Clover. 6-12 ins. Pu. or P. ⅛ in.[216]
Strawberry Trefoil. 6-12 ins. Ro. 1⁄16 in. Heads ¼ in. or more.[216]
Hare's-foot Trefoil. 6-12 ins. 1⁄16 in. Heads ⅜ in.[217]
Crimson Clover. 6-16 ins. C. or P. ¼ in. Heads 1 in. or more.[217]
Hop Trefoil. 6-20 ins. Y. 1⁄16 in. Heads ¼ in.[217]
Lesser Yellow Trefoil. 6-18 ins. p.Y. 1⁄10 in. Heads ¼ in.[218]
Meadow Vetchling. 1-2 ft. Y. ½ in.[218]
Great Burnet. 1-2 ft. Pu. ⅛ in. Heads ⅝ in.[218]
Lady's Mantle. 6-18 ins. Y.G. 3⁄16 in.[218]
Meadow Sweet. 2-4 ft. Cr. W. ¼ in.[218]
Burnet Saxifrage. 1-2 ft. W. 1⁄16 in.[219]
Wild Carrot. 1-2 ft. p.Pu. or W. ⅛ in.[220]
Devil's-bit Scabious. 1-2 ft. Bl.Pu. Heads ¾ in.[220]
Rough Hawkbit. 4-12 ins. Y. Heads 1¼ in.[222]
Autumnal Hawkbit. 6-18 ins. Y. Heads 1 in.[223]
Meadow Thistle. 12-18 ins. Pu. Heads 1⅛ in.[224]
Black Knapweed. ½-3 ft. Pu. Heads 1¼ in.[224]
Great Knapweed. 2-3 ft. Pu. or W. Heads 2 ins.[225]
Common Fleabane. ½-2 ft. Y. Heads ¾ in.[225]
Small Fleabane. 6-12 ins. Y. Heads ⅜ in.[226]
Ox-eye Daisy. 1-2 ft. Y. and W. 1¾ in.[227]
Sneeze-wort. 1-2 ft. W. ½ in.[227]
Centaury. 6-18 ins. Ro. or P. ⅜ in.[227]
Small Bindweed. ½-2 ft. P. 1 in.[228]
Meadow Clary. 1-2 ft. Bl. ⅝ in.[229]
Marjoram. 9-18 ins. Ro. Pu. 3⁄16 in.[231]
Self-heal. 4-10 ins. V. or Pu. ¼ in.[232]
Greater Plantain. 2-9 ins. G. ⅛ in. Spike 5-8 ins.[232]
Ribwort Plantain. 2-10 ins. G. ⅛ in. Spike 1 in.[233]
Marsh Orchis. 1-2 ft. W. to Pu. ⅝ in.[233]
Butterfly Orchis. 6-14 ins. W. or G.W. ½¾ in.[234]
Cat's-tail Grass.[233]
Meadow Barley.[233]
Sheep's Fescue Grass.[234]
Rye Grass or Darnel.[234]
Cock's-foot Grass.[Plate IV]
11. Bogs, Marshes, and Wet Places—Summer.
Lesser Spearwort. 4-12 ins. Y. ½ in.[236]
Greater Spearwort. 2-4 ft. Y. 1 to 1½ ins.[236]
Water Cress. 1-3 ft. W. ¼ in.[236]
Marsh Yellow Cress. 1-2 ft. Y. ⅛ in.[237]
Amphibious Yellow Cress. 2-3 ft. Y. ¼ in.[237]
Marsh Mallow. 2-3 ft. Ro. 1⅜ in.[238]
Marsh St. John's Wort. 6-12 ins. Y. ½ in.[238]
Marsh Pea. 2-3 ft. Bl.Pu. ½ in.[239]
Great Hairy Willow-herb. 3-6 ft. d.Ro. ⅞ in.[239]
Marsh Willow-herb. 6-18 ins. P. 5⁄16 in.[240]
Square-stalked Willow-herb. 1-2 ft. Ro. ⅜ in.[240]
Purple Loosestrife. 2-4 ft. P. or Pu. ¾ in.[240]
Procumbent Marsh-wort. 2-3 ft. W. 1⁄16 in.[240]
Water Hemlock. 3-4 ft. W. 1⁄16 in.[241]
Common Water Dropwort. 2-3 ft. W. 3⁄16 in.[242]
Hemlock Water Dropwort. 2-5 ft. W. 3⁄16 in.[242]
Fine-leaved Water Dropwort. 1-4 ft. W. ⅛ in.[243]
Marsh Thistle. 2-8 ft. Pu. or W. Heads ⅝ in.[243]
Nodding Bur Marigold. 1-2 ft. G.Y. Heads ¾ in.[244]
Trifid Bur Marigold. 1-2 ft. G.Y. Heads ½ in.[244]
Marsh Ragwort. 1-3 ft. Y. Heads 1 in.[244]
Marsh Speedwell. 4-8 ins. p.P. or W. 5⁄16 in.[244]
Water Speedwell. ½-2 ft. Li. or W. 3⁄16 in.[245]
Brooklime. 1-2 ft. Bl. or P. 1⁄3 in.[245]
Water Figwort. 2-4 ft. G.Br. or Pu. ¼ in.[246]
Knotted Figwort. 1-3 ft. G.Br. or Pu. 3⁄16 in.[246]
Gipsy-wort. 1-3 ft. W. ⅛ in.[246]
Round-leaved Mint. 1-3 ft. Li. 1⁄10 in.[247]
Water Mint. 1-3 ft. Li. ⅛ in.[247]
Marsh Whorled Mint. 2-5 ft. Li. ⅛ in.[248]
Marsh Woundwort. 1-3 ft. p.Pu. or R. ⅜ in.[248]
Forget-me-not. 12-18 ins. Bl. ⅜ in.[249]
Creeping Water Scorpion-grass. 4-12 ins. Bl. 5⁄16 in.[249]
Tufted Water Scorpion-grass. 5-18 ins. Bl. 3⁄16 in.[249]
Bog Pimpernel. 3-4 ins. P. ⅜ in.[250]
Water Pepper. 1-3 ft. P.G. ⅛ in.[250]
Marsh Helleborine. 6-18 ins. W. ⅝ in.[250]
Bog Asphodel. 6-10 ins. Y. ½ in.[251]
Common Rush. 1-3 ft. Br. ⅛ in.[252]
Hard Rush. 1-2 ft. Glossy Br. ⅛ in.[252]
Shining-fruited Jointed Rush. 1-2 ft. Br. ⅛ in.[253]
Toad Rush. 2-8 ins. Br. 1⁄10 in.[253]
Common Cotton Grass.[254]
Hare's-tail Cotton Grass.[255]
Common Sedge.[256]
Marsh Sedge.[256]
12. Heath, Down and Moor—Spring and Summer.
Milkwort. 2-9 ins. W. Li. or Bl. 3⁄16 in.[259]
Trailing St. John's-wort. 3-10 ins. Y. ⅜ in.[260]
Small St. John's wort. 12-20 ins. Y. ½ in.[260]
Broom. 2-6 ft. Y. ⅞ in. (Shrub)[260]
Furze. 2-5 ft. Y. ⅝ in. (Shrub)[260]
Dwarf Furze. 1-2 ft. Y. ½ in. (Shrub)[261]
Needle Whin. ½-2 ft. Y. ⅜ in. (Shrub)[262]
Common Rest Harrow. 1-2 ft. Ro. ⅝ in.[262]
Spiny Rest Harrow. 6-12 ins. Ro. ⅝ in.[262]
Dropwort. 12-18 ins. W. ⅜ in.[262]
Tormentil. 6-10 ins. Y. 5⁄16 in.[262]
Blackberry. 2-10 ft. W. or P. 1 in.[263]
Yellow Bedstraw. ½-2 ft. Y. or G. ⅛ in.[263]
Smooth Heath Bedstraw. 4-6 ins. W. ⅛ in.[263]
Upright Bedstraw. 1-2 ft. W. ⅛ in.[264]
Small Woodruff. 6-10 ins. W. or P. 3⁄16 in.[264]
Small Scabious. 1-2 ft. p.Pu. or Li. Heads 1⅛ ins.[265]
Hairy Hawkbit. 3-8 ins. Y. Heads ¾ in.[266]
Musk Thistle. 1-3 ft. Pu. or C. Heads 1¾ ins.[266]
Dwarf Thistle. 1-8 ins. Pu. Heads 1½ ins.[266]
Carline Thistle. 6-18 ins. Y. and Pu. Heads 1¼ in.[267]
Chamomile. 6-12 ins. Y. and W. Heads ⅞ in.[268]
Harebell. 6-20 ins. Bl. ¾ in.[269]
Clustered Bell-flower. 3-18 ins. Bl. ⅝ in.[269]
Sheep's-bit. 6-12 ins. Bl. or Li. Heads ⅝ in.[270]
Cross-leaved Heath. 12-18 ins. Ro. or W. ⅛ in.[270]
Ciliated Heath. 12-18 ins. Ro. or C. ⅛ in.[271]
Bell Heather. 1-2 ft. Pu., Ro. or W. ⅛ in.[271]
Ling. 1-2 ft. Ro., Li. or W. ⅛ in.[271]
Whortleberry. 6-18 ins. P. or G. 3⁄16 in.[272]
Great Bilberry. 6-10 ins. p.P. ⅛ in.[272]
Red Whortleberry. 6-18 ins. p.P. 3⁄16 in.[272]
Marsh Gentian. 6-10 ins. d.B. ⅞ in.[273]
Small-flowered Gentian. 3-12 ins. p.Pu. ⅜ in.[273]
Lesser Dodder. Parasitic on Heaths, &c.[341]
Eyebright. 1-8 ins. P. or Li. ⅜ in.[274]
Pennyroyal. 2-10 ins. Li. ⅛ in.[274]
Wild Thyme. 2-8 ins. Pu. 3⁄16 in.[274]
Wood Sage. 1-2 ft. G.W. 5⁄16 in.[274]
Lesser Skull-cap. 3-6 ins. p.P. 3⁄16 in.[275]
Dwarf Willow. 1-3 ft. (Shrub)[276]
Juniper. 1-5 ft. (Shrub)[276]
Autumnal Lady's Tresses. 4-8 ins. W. 3⁄16 in.[277]
Spotted Orchis. 6-15 ins. Pu., Li. or W. ½ in.[277]
Butcher's Broom. (Shrub). 3-4 ft. W. 1⁄6 in.[278]
Heath Rush. 4-10 ins.[279]
Field Woodrush. 4-7 ins.[279]
Quaking Grass.[280]
Mat Grass.[280]
13. Corn Fields.
Pheasant's-eye. 6-12 ins. C. 5⁄16 in.[281]
Mouse-tail. 2-6 ins. Y.G. 5⁄16 in.[281]
Corn Crowfoot. 6-18 ins. p.Y. ⅜ in.[282]
Field Larkspur. 9-18 ins. Bl., P., or W., 1 in.[282]
Common Red Poppy. 1-2 ft. Sc. 2-3 ins.[283]
Long-headed Poppy. 1-2 ft. Sc. 2 to 2½ ins.[283]
Long Prickly-headed Poppy. 6-10 ins. R. 1¼ to 1½ ins.[283]
Opium Poppy. 1-2 ft. W. or Bl. 2¼ to 2½ ins.[284]
Fumitory. 6-24 ins. P. or C. 1⁄16-3⁄16 in.[285]
Wild Mustard. 1-2 ft. Y. ½ in.[286]
White Mustard. 1-2 ft. Y. ⅜ in.[286]
Black Mustard. 1-3 ft. Y. ⅜ to ½ in.[287]
Wild Radish. 1-2 ft. W. Li., or p.Y., ¾ in.[288]
Corn Cockle. 1-3 ft. p.Pu., 1 in. or more.[289]
Corn Spurrey. 6-18 ins. W. ¼ in.[289]
Common Flax. 12-18 ins. Bl. ⅞ in.[289]
Shepherd's Needle. 3-12 ins. W. 1⁄16 in.[289]
Field Madder. 5-10 ins. Li., ⅛ in.[290]
Field Scabious. 1-4 ft. Li., Heads 1½ in.[290]
Corn Sow-thistle. 2-4 ft. Y. Heads 1¾ ins.[291]
Corn Blue-bottle. 1-2 ft. Bl. Heads 1 in.[291]
Corn Marigold. 12-18 ins. Y. Heads 1¼ in.[292]
Corn Chamomile. 1-2 ft. Y. and W. Heads 1 in.[292]
Stinking Chamomile. 9-15 ins. Y. and W. Heads 1 in.[293]
Corn Bellflower. 6-10 ins. Pu.Bl. or W. 5⁄16 in.[293]
Small Bugloss. ½-2 ft. p.Bl. ¼ in.[294]
Scarlet Pimpernel. 5-20 ins. Sc. ⅜ in.[294]
Climbing Persicaria. 1-4 ft. p.G. 3⁄16 in.[295]
Dwarf Spurge. 2-10 ins Y. ⅛ in.[295]
Wild Oat Grass. 2-3 ft.[295]
14. On the Chalk.
Pasque Flower. 5-8 ins. Pu. 1¼ to 1½ in.[297]
Round Prickly-headed Poppy. 12-18 ins. C. 1-2 ins.[297]
Bitter Candytuft. 6-9 ins. W., Li., or R., ¼ in.[298]
Wild Mignonette. 1-2 ft. Y. 3⁄16 in.[298]
Rock Rose. 3-9 ins. Y. ¾-1 in.[298]
Hoary Rock Rose. 5-8 ins. Y. ⅜ in.[298]
Hairy Violet. 3-6 ins. p.Bl., or W. ⅝ in.[298]
Perennial Flax. 1-2 ft. Bl. 1 in.[299]
Narrow-leaved Flax. 1-2 ft. Li. or Bl. ⅜ in.[299]
Sain-foin. 1-2 ft. Ro.R. ½ in.[299]
Tufted Horse-shoe Vetch. 5-20 ins. Y. 5⁄16 in.[299]
Sweet Briar. 3-6 ft. Ro. 1¼ to 1½ in.[300]
Lesser Burnet. 6-18 ins. Pu. ⅛ in. Heads ½ in.[302]
Rough-fruited Corn Bedstraw. 1-3 ft. W. ⅛ in.[302]
Red Spur Valerian. 1-3 ft. Ro.R. 3⁄16 in.[302]
Woolly-headed Plume Thistle. 3-5 ft. p.Pu. Heads 2½ ins.[303]
Ploughman's Spikenard. 2-5 ft. Y. Heads ⅜ in.[303]
Field Gentian. 4-10 ins. Bl. Pu. 7⁄16 in.[304]
Yellow-wort. 6-20 ins. Y. ⅝ in.[304]
Great Mullein. 2-5 ft. p.Y. or W. ¾ in.[304]
White Mullein. 2-3 ft. W. or Cr. ⅜ in.[305]
Yellow Hoary Mullein. 2-3 ft. Y. ⅝ in.[305]
Dark Mullein. 2-3 ft. Y. ½ in.[305]
Spiked Speedwell. 6-12 ins. Bl., or P. 5⁄16 in.[305]
Wild Sage. 1-2 ft. Bl.Pu. 3⁄16 in.[306]
Red Hemp Nettle. 9-12 ins. Ro. 5⁄16 in.[306]
Viper's Bugloss. 1-3 ft. Ro. or Bl.Pu. ½ in.[306]
Purple Viper's Bugloss. 1-3 ft. Bl. ⅜ in.[307]
Lamb's-tongue. 3-12 ins. G. ⅛ in. Spikes 2-4 ins.[307]
Broad-leaved Helleborine. 1-3 ft. G. and Pu. ¼ in.[308]
Large White Helleborine. 6-20 ins. Cr.W. ¾ in.[308]
Pyramidal Orchis. 6-18 ins. Ro., or W. 5⁄16 in.[308]
Sweet-scented Orchis. 12-18 ins. Ro. ⅜ in.[309]
Green Man Orchis. 6-12 ins. G.Y. ⅝ in.[309]
Green Musk Orchis. 5-6 ins. G. ½ in.[309]
Bee Orchis. 6-12 ins. Pu., Br., and P. ⅝ in.[310]
Late Spider Orchis. 6-12 ins. Pu. ⅝ in.[310]
Spider Orchis. 6-10 ins. Pu.Br. ¾ in.[310]
Fly Orchis. 6-12 ins. Br.Pu., and Bl. ⅝ in.[310]
Downy Oat Grass. 1-2 ft.[311]
Yellow Oat Grass. 1-2 ft.[311]
15. On River Banks.
Common Meadow Rue. 1-4 ft. p.Y. ½ in.[312]
Meadow Crane's-bill. 1-4 ft. Bl.Pu. 1 to 1¼ in.[312]
Hemp Agrimony. 2-6 ft. Li. Flowers ⅛ in. in small heads.[313]
Common Skull-cap. 8-16 ins. Bl. ¼ in.[313]
Comfrey. 2-3 ft. Y.W., or Pu. ⅜ in.[315]
Yellow Loosestrife. 2-3 ft. Y. ⅝ in.[315]
Purple Loosestrife. 2-4 ft. P. or Pu. ¾ in.[240]
Great Water Dock. 3-6 ft. R.G. ⅛ in.[317]
Willows and Sallows.[317]
16. On Walls, Roofs, and Rocks.
Wallflower. 6-12 ins. Y. or O. ⅞ in.[320]
Wall Rocket. 1-3 ft. p.Y. ⅝ in.[320]
Vernal Sandwort. 2-4 ins. W. ⅜ in.[320]
Shining Crane's-bill. 6-18 ins. Ro. ¼ in.[320]
English Stonecrop. 2-3 ins. W. or P. 5⁄16 in.[321]
White Stonecrop. 3-7 ins. W. or P. ¼ in.[322]
Biting Stonecrop. 2-4 ins. Y. ½ in.[322]
House Leek. 9-18 ins. Pu. or P. ¾ in.[323]
Wall Pennywort. 6-18 ins. Y.G. 3⁄16 in.[323]
London Pride. 6-12 ins. W., or P. ¼ in.[324]
Starry Saxifrage. 3-7 ins. W. 7⁄16 in.[325]
Yellow Mountain Saxifrage. 5-6 ins. Y. ⅝ in.[325]
Rue-leaved Saxifrage. 3-5 ins. W. ⅛ in.[325]
Mossy Saxifrage. 3-10 ins. W. ⅝ in.[326]
Snapdragon. 1-2 ft. W. to C. ¾ in.[326]
Ivy-leaved Toadflax. 3-20 ins. Li. 3⁄16 in.[327]
Wall Pellitory. 6-24 ins. G. 1⁄16 in.[327]
17. Autumn Flowers.
(Most of the following flowers bloom during the summer, and have beenincluded in foregoing lists; but these, together with the few newspecies named, may be seen in flower during the autumn months.)
Pheasant's-eye. 6-12 ins. C. 5⁄16 in. (Fields)[281]
Hairy Crowfoot. 6-12 ins. Y. ¾ in. (Fields)[212]
Shepherd's Purse. 6-18 ins. W. 1⁄10 in. (Waysides)[81]
Rock Rose. 3-9 ins. Y. ⅞ in. (Banks)[298]
Chickweed. 3-12 ins. W. 3⁄16 in. (Waysides)[87]
Herb Robert. 1-2 ft. P. ½ in. (Waysides)[90]
Silver Weed. 6-12 ins. Y. ⅞ in. (Waysides)[165]
Ivy. Climbing. p.G. ⅜ in. (Walls and Woods)[339]
Yellow Bedstraw. ½-2 ft. Y. or G. ⅛ in. (Downs)[263]
Small Scabious. 1-2 ft. Li. Heads 1⅛ in. (Heaths)[265]
Devil's-bit Scabious. 1-2 ft. Pu.Bl. Heads ¾ in. (Pastures)[220]
Field Scabious. 1-4 ft. Li. Heads 1½ ins. (Fields)[290]
Dandelion. 2-8 ins. Y. Heads 1¾ in. (Meadows, &c.)[116]
Carline Thistle. 6-18 ins. Y. and Pu. Heads 1¼ in. (Downs)[267]
Black Knapweed. ½-3 ft. Pu. Heads 1¼ in. (Meadows)[224]
Great Knapweed. 2-3 ft. Pu., or W. Heads 2 in. (Fields)[225]
Groundsel. 6-12 ins. Y. Heads 3⁄16 in. (Waysides)[98]
Fleabane. 6-24 ins. Y. Heads ⅞ in. (Moist places)[225]
Daisy. 2-6 ins. Y. and W. Heads ¾ in. (Pastures)[116]
Scentless Mayweed. 1-2 ft. Y., and W. Heads 1¼-2 ins. (Waysides)[188]
Chamomile. 6-12 ins. Y. and W. Heads ⅞ in. (Waysides)[268]
Milfoil. 8-18 ins. W. Heads 5⁄16 in. (Waysides)[189]
Ling. 1-2 ft. Ro. or W. ⅛ in. (Moors)[271]
Fine-leaved Heath. 1-2 ft. P. or W. ⅛ in. (Moors)[271]
Strawberry Tree. 8-12 ft. Cr. 3⁄16 in. (Woods—Ireland)[338]
Dark Mullein. 2-3 ft. Y. ½ in. (On chalk)[305]
Yellow Toadflax. 1-3 ft. Y. ⅜ in. (Waysides, fields)[195]
Wild Clary or Sage. 1-2 ft. Bl.Pu. 3⁄16 in. (On chalk)[306]
White Dead Nettle. 6-20 ins. W. ⅝ in. (Waste places)[102]
Red Dead Nettle. 6-18 ins. Pu. ¼ in. (Waste places)[103]
Red Hemp Nettle. 8-12 ins. Ro. 5⁄16 in. (Fields, &c.)[306]
White Goose-foot. 1-3 ft. G. 1⁄10 in. (Waste places)[204]
Halberd-leaved Orache. ½-3 ft. G. 1⁄16. (Waste places)[204]
Spotted Persicaria. 1-2 ft. Ro. and G. ⅛ in. (Wastes)[205]
Knot-grass. 1-2 ft. Variable. ⅛ in. (Waste places)[206]
Petty Spurge. 6-12 ins. Y. 1⁄6 in. (Waste places)[208]
Wall Pellitory. ½-2 ft. G. 1⁄16 in. (Walls)[327]
Annual Meadow Grass. 3-10 ins.[107]
18. Parasitic Plants.
Greater Dodder—On Hops, Nettles, and Trees.[341]
Flax Dodder—On Flax.[341]
Lesser Dodder—On Thyme, Ling, &c.[341]
Clover Dodder—On Clover.[341]
Toothwort—On roots of Trees.[344]
Great Broomrape—On roots of Furze and Broom.[345]
Clove Broomrape—On roots of Bedstraw.[345]
Tall Broomrape—On roots of Knapweed.[346]
Least Broomrape—On various roots.[346]
Mistletoe—On branches of Trees.[346]
Eyebright—On roots of Grasses, &c.[349]
Yellow Rattle—On roots of Grasses, &c.[349]
Cow-wheat—On roots of Grasses, &c.[349]
Lousewort—On roots of Grasses, &c.[349]
19. Carnivorous Plants.
Bladderworts—Aquatic.[350]
Tooth-wort—At roots of Trees.[351]
Butterworts—Marshes.[353]
Sundews—Marshes.[353]

[LIST OF FLOWERS]
CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO THEIR ORDERS AND GENERA