[479]. Firma is explained infra, c. 25.

[480]. Stubbs, Const. Hist., I. 439. Cf. Round, Commune of London, 220, who is in substantial agreement. Miss Mary Bateson, however, thinks that “there has been a tendency unduly to minimise the measure of administrative unity in the twelfth-century shire of London.” See the evidence produced by her, Engl. Hist. Rev., XVII. 480-510.

[481]. Geoffrey de Mandeville, 356.

[482]. See e.g. Miss Norgate, Angevin Kings, II. 471.

[483]. Geoffrey, 367.

[484]. Commune of London, 222.

[485]. Commune of London, 224.

[486]. Select Charters, p. 252.

[487]. M. Luchaire, Communes Françaises, p. 97, defines it as “seigneurie collective populaire.”

[488]. Miss Bateson, Engl. Hist. Rev., XVII. 508.