The History of the Post Office in British North America

by William Smith

INDEX

Allan, William, postmaster of York, recommended to be deputy postmaster general of Upper Canada, [104]
Amherstburg, post office opened at, [101]
"Anglo-Saxon" steamship of Allan line wrecked, [312]
Annapolis, post office opened in, [178]
Antigonishe, distributing office for all settlements to eastward, [180]
Antill, (John), postmaster of New York, [69]
Augusta, post office opened at, [89]
Bache, Richard, appointed secretary of the revolutionary post office, [64]
Baie Verte, post office opened at, [182]
Barbadoes, postal arrangements for, [4]
Barons, Benjamin, deputy postmaster general for southern division, [35, note 2]
Belleville, post office opened at, under name of Bay of Quinte, [117]
Bermuda, Canadian mails from Great Britain, sent to, [124]
Berthier, post office opened at, [79]
"Bohemian" steamship of Allan line wrecked, [313]
Boston, post office opened in, [2];
communication with New York, [6];
postage between Philadelphia and, [10];
postage from Virginia, [10];
Cunard steamers land Canadian mails at, [225]
Brantford, post office opened at, [117]
"Britannia," Cunard steamer, makes first trip to Halifax, [219]
British Columbia, beginnings of postal service to, [322];
inland service, [324], [326];
rates of postage, [325];
incorporation into dominion postal service, [326];
completion of Canadian Pacific railway, [326];
expansion of service between Confederation and, 1914, [327]
British North America, royal commission recommends postal systems in, be put under one superior, [235]
Buchanan, James, British consul at New York, advocates communication between colonies and Great Britain by way of New York, [186]
Canada, Post Office in—
Pre-revolutionary Period.
Post office established by Franklin, [1];
connected by mail service with New York, [1];
arrangements under French régime, [39];
postage rates as fixed by act of 1765, [43]
Revolutionary Period.
Connection with New York discontinued, [65];
Americans make proposals for its continuance, [65];
service between Montreal and Quebec resumed after expulsion of Americans, [72];
Haldimand's objections to resumption of regular service, [72]
Post-revolutionary Period.
United States forbid Canadian couriers to carry mails over its territory, [80];
Canadian post office obliged to send mails for England by Halifax route, [81];
its disadvantages, [81];
sketch of postal system in 1827, [155];
financial statements to be submitted to legislatures, [206];
fixed salaries to be paid, with exclusion of all perquisites, [206];
difficulties in way of satisfactory arrangements for administration, [207];
first financial statement laid before legislature, [210];
legislature of Upper Canada demands surplus revenues, [211];
Lord Durham's recommendations regarding post office, [212];
defects of postal administration disclosed by royal commission, [234];
legislature concurs in resolutions of interprovincial postal conference, [271];
provincial governments assume control of post office, [273];
great expansion of, [275];
reduction in postage rates, [275];
revenue from 1851 to 1867, [275]
Post-Office of Dominion of Canada.
Number of post offices in 1867 and 1914, [327];
railway mail service expansion, [327];
reductions in postage, [328];
Canada becomes a member of the Universal Postal Union, [329];
imperial penny postage introduced, [330];
imperial scheme of newspaper postage proposed by postmaster general of Canada, [330];
expansion of money order and savings bank system, [331]

"Canadian" (the first) steamship of Allan line wrecked in St. Lawrence, [308]
"Canadian" (the second) steamship of Allan line, wrecked, [311]
Cape Breton, establishment of postal service in, [183]
Cayley, William, inspector general of Canada, representative at postal conference in Montreal, [268]
Cedars, post office opened at, [89]
Chambly, arrangements for delivery of mails at, [79]
Charlestown, delays in postal service of, [35];
included in packet system, [35]
Charlottenburg, post office opened at, [89]
Chester, Pa., postal rate from Philadelphia to, [7]
"City of Manchester" steamship of Inman line lost off Nova Scotia coast, [309]
Colonial Postal Systems, in their relations to Great Britain, policy regarding extensions of service, [97], [100], [103];
remonstrance of Upper Canada against excessive and illegal postage, [133];
reply to these remonstrances, [134];
legality of control of colonial systems by Great Britain, [135], [136];
Great Britain refuses information as to revenues, [141];
considerable profit on colonial service, [142];
reception given to address from Upper Canada, [148];
attack on administration of Canadian post office, [160];
contentions against imperial absorption of surplus revenue from, sustained by law officers, [165];
acceptance of decision by postmaster general, [166];
course of procedure to establish proper relations, [169];
act of imperial parliament, 4, William IV. c. 7, [170];
draft act for adoption of legislatures, [170];
accountant appointed, [171];
how the British proposals were viewed in Maritime provinces, [188],
in Upper Canada, [193], [202],
in Lower Canada, [199];
Stayner on British proposals, [200];
Stayner's views accepted by legislative council of Lower Canada, [202];
British government willing to amend proposals, [203];
royal commission appointed to investigate conditions in colonial service, [233];
commission recommends that postal system in British North America be put under one resident deputy postmaster general, [235];
proposition of postmaster general to withdraw from control of, [263];
conditions of withdrawal, [266];
Lord Elgin instructed by colonial secretary on subject, [267];
his message to Canadian legislature, [267];
legislative committee in Nova Scotia consider the subject, [267];
conference of provincial representatives in Montreal, [268];
their report, as laid before governor general, [269];
British treasury approves generally conclusions of report, [270];
Nova Scotia legislature adopts terms of report in act, [270];
Canada and New Brunswick concur, [271];
act sanctioning arrangement passed by imperial parliament, [271];
Prince Edward Island enters arrangement, [272]
"Columbia" steamship of Cunard line lost off Nova Scotia coast, [309]
Committees of Correspondence take measures to establish colonial post office, [60]
Connecticut, terms of first post office bill in, [9]
Cornwall, post office opened at, [89]
Coteau du Lac, post office opened at, [89]
Crane, William, urges direct steamship service between Great Britain and Halifax, [217]
Crown Point, post office opened at, [65]
Cunard, Samuel, awarded contract for transatlantic steam service, [218]
Dashwood, secretary of colonial post office prisoner of war, [66];
liberated by exchange, [69];
appointed postmaster general of Jamaica, [79]
Delancy, Peter, deputy postmaster general for southern division, [35 note 2]
Delaware, Falls of, postal rate from Philadelphia to, [7]
Deputy postmaster general, relations to governor, [96];
limitations on his freedom of administration, [97];
agent for collection of United States postage, [126];
newspaper postage, perquisite of, [160];
nomination of postmasters withdrawn from, [239]
Detroit, postal communication opened with, [89]
Digby, post office opened in, [178]
Dongan, Thomas, governor of New York, endeavoured to establish postal service in colonies, [7]
Dorchester, New Brunswick, post office opened at, [182]

Durand, details of his journey between Quebec and Halifax with mails, [81]
Durham, Lord, recommendations respecting Canadian post office, [212]
Eastern Townships, mail communication opened between Three Rivers and, [117]
Elizabethtown, post office opened at, [89]
Fairbank, Richard, first postmaster in Boston, [2]
Falmouth, Maine, defiance of post office monopoly at, [50]
Finlay, Hugh, appointed postmaster of Quebec, [42];
interferes on behalf of maîtres de poste, [46];
appointed post-office surveyor, [46];
explores country between Quebec and New England, [47];
inspects postal service from Maine to Georgia, [50];
appointed joint deputy postmaster general of northern division of North America, [58];
reputed author of account of siege of Quebec, [69];
his activities outside post office, [74];
appointed superintendent of maîtres de poste, [76];
loses position of deputy postmaster general of northern division of North America, and becomes deputy postmaster general of Canada, [79];
report on route between Quebec and Halifax, [85];
appointed deputy postmaster general of British North America, [86];
removal from this position, [94];
death, [74]
Fort Edward, post office opened at, [65]
Fothergill, Charles, postmaster of Port Hope, [144];
attacks post office management, [144]
Foxcroft, John, joint deputy postmaster general, [2], [27];
prisoner of war, [66];
liberated by exchange, [69];
appointed British packet boat agent at New York, [79]
Franking Act, passed by legislature of Upper Canada, [209];
on Stayner's objections it was disallowed, [210]
Franklin, Benjamin, postmaster of Philadelphia, [1];
deputy postmaster general, [1], [2], [26];
established post office in Canada, [1];
increases postal facilities, [26];
nature of his influence in administration of post office, [27];
his views on post office revenues as taxes, [55];
his dismissal as joint deputy postmaster general, [58];
his continued good relations with officials of general post office, [59];
appointed postmaster general of revolutionary post office, [64];
his views on nature of postage quoted in support of imperial control, [145]
Fredericton, post office opened in, [178]
Gagetown, post office opened at, [182]
Gaspé, slender postal accommodation in, [162]
Goddard, William, labours for establishment of revolutionary post office, [60];
his career, [60];
draws up scheme, [63];
unsuccessful candidate for postmaster generalship, [64];
appointed surveyor, [64]
Grand Trunk Railway, construction of, [278]
Great Western Railway, construction of, [278]
Grenville, post office opened at, [116]
Guelph, post office opened at, [153]
Halifax, post office established at, [33], [173];
postage rates to, by sea, in 1765, [44];
petition that Halifax be terminal port of transatlantic steamers, [217];
British government agrees, [218];
contract awarded to Samuel Cunard, [218];
scheme for concentrating all mails from Great Britain for North America at, [219];
its failure, [220];
Nova Scotia asks that the post office at, should be maintained by imperial post office, [245];
removal of post office to Dalhousie college building, [252]
Hamilton, post office opened at, [117]
Hamilton, Andrew, deputy of patentee for American post office, [9];
his plans for establishment of postal service, [9];
his death, [17]
Hamilton, John, succeeds his father, Andrew Hamilton, as deputy postmaster general, [17]
Hawkesbury, post office opened at, [116]
Hazen, R. L. of executive council of New Brunswick, representative at postal conference in Montreal, [268]
Head, Sir Francis Bond, orders dismissal of postmaster of Lloydtown, [213];
demands authority to dismiss postmasters whom he deemed guilty of disloyalty, [214];
orders removal of postmaster of Toronto, [214]
Heriot, George, succeeds Finlay as deputy postmaster general, [96];
personal characteristics, [96];
unsuccessful aspirant to seat in legislative council, and to superintendency of maîtres de poste, [97];
in disfavour with governor, [98];
altercation with Sir Gordon Drummond, [109];
retirement, [113]
Heyman, Peter, appointed postmaster of Virginia, [13]
Horton, post office opened in, [178]

Howard, James, dismissed from postmastership of Toronto, on charge of disloyalty, [214]
Howe, John, the elder, deputy postmaster general of Maritime provinces, [180];
his capable management, [180];
his retirement, [181]
Howe, John, the younger, succeeds his father, [181];
controlled majority of newspapers in Halifax, [187];
criticism of, [251];
his death, [251]
Howe, Joseph, urges direct steamship service between Great Britain and Halifax, [217]
Hudson's Bay Company, conveys the mails to and from Manitoba and North-West territories, [317];
limitations on correspondence, [318]
Hull, post office opened at, [116]
"Humboldt" steamship of the American line lost off Nova Scotia coast, [309]
Hume, Joseph, M.P., obtains information respecting Canadian postal service, [161]
"Hungarian" steamship of Allan line wrecked, [309]
Hunter, Peter, Lieutenant Governor, had road constructed from Bay of Quinte to York, [100];
endeavours to secure mail service to Upper Canada, [100]
Hunter, William, joint deputy postmaster general, [26]
Huntingdon, Herbert, confers with general post office respecting Nova Scotia post office, [191]
Illegal conveyance of letters in Canada, [150];
in Nova Scotia, [249];
in New Brunswick, [256]
"Indian" steamship of Allan line wrecked, [309]
Johnston, J. W., Solicitor General of Nova Scotia, representative at postal conference in Montreal, [268]
Kennebec route, Finlay explores, [47]
Kingston, Upper Canada, post office opened at, [89]
Kingston, New Brunswick, post office opened at, [182]
Knox, William, scheme of communications between England and North America, [87]
Labrador, mail service opened between Newfoundland and, [342]
Lachine, post office opened at, [89]
Lancaster, post office opened at, [89]
Lanoullier, Nicholas, obtained privilege to establish post office in Canada, [40];
his plans, [41];
failure, [41]
Lanoullier de Boisclair, his difficulties in maintaining roads, owing to popular indifference, [78];
his death, [78]
Letters, mode of calculating postage on, [20]
Lloydtown, postmaster of, dismissed for part in affairs of 1837, [213]
London, post office opened at, [117]
Lovelace, Francis, Governor of New York, arranged for postal service between New York and Boston, [6]
Lower Canada, condition of route between Montreal and Quebec, in 1783, [78];
mode of communication with Great Britain, [105];
frequency of service between Quebec and Montreal, [105], [109];
report of assembly on surplus postal revenues, 1827, [149];
Stayner declines to give information to committee of assembly, [161];
lack of postal accommodation in, [161], [196];
address of assembly to King respecting post office, [163];
report of legislative committee on postal affairs, 1836, [199];
Stayner admonished to cease sending surplus revenue to England, [199];
agitation caused in general post office over post office bill of Lower Canada, [205]
Macaulay, John, former postmaster of Kingston, chairman of committee of legislative council on postal affairs, [207]
Mackenzie, William Lyon, presented petition for investigation of post office, [143];
interviewed Colonial Secretary respecting postal affairs, [167];
his views on administration of post office, [167];
evidence of, before Lower Canada committee on newspaper postage, [196];
challenges action on underpayment, [197]
Maîtres de Poste, lack of regulations for, [45];
Finlay's interference on behalf of, [46];
unsuccessful efforts to assimilate their position to that of masters of post houses in England, [75];
indispensable for the carrying of mails, [75];
character of their service, [97];
amenities on post road, [99]
Manitoba, and North-West provinces, early postal arrangements in, [316]-[321];
proposition for direct overland service with Canada, [320];
Manitoba incorporated into Canadian postal system, [322];
United States postal service utilized for communication with other provinces, [322];
direct railway communication with Eastern Canada, [322];
expansion of service between Confederation and, 1914, [327]

Marconi, Guglielmo, proved success of transatlantic wireless system of telegraphy in Newfoundland, [345]
Maritime provinces, early means of communication between places in, [175];
with Great Britain, [176]
Maryland, postal rate from Philadelphia to, [7];
proceedings of legislature respecting establishment of post office, [12]
Massachusetts, terms of first post office act in, [9], [10];
postal rates to, [10];
post office act of, disallowed, [10];
rejects draft of new bill, [12]
Matthews, Captain John, chairman of post office committee of assembly of Upper Canada, [143]
Michillimackinac, postal communication opened with, [89]
Miramichi, arrangements for delivery of mails at, [181];
post office opened at, [182]
Money Order System, establishment of, in Canada, [276];
in Nova Scotia, [280];
in Newfoundland, [343];
expansion of operations between 1868 and 1914, [330]
Montreal, post office opened at, [1], [42];
description of route between New York and, [37];
post road between Quebec and, [38];
mail service opened between New York and, [42];
mail service opened between Quebec and, [43];
frequency of service between New York and Montreal at outbreak of revolutionary war, [65];
embraced in revolutionary postal system, [66];
postmaster resents having soldiers billeted on him, [71];
governor orders his dismissal, [72];
Daniel Sutherland postmaster of, [114];
conditions in post office at, [128];
mean situation of post office, [194]
Montreal Gazette, proprietor of, begins attack on Stayner respecting newspaper postage, [159]
Neale, Thomas, given patent for American post office, [8];
assigns his patent, [17]
New Brunswick, postal system of, transferred to control of deputy postmaster general of Nova Scotia, [155];
establishment of inland service in, [178];
postal charges in, [178];
changes in routes as result of war of 1812, [179];
no additions to service until 1820, [181];
communication with Great Britain by way of United States, [185];
objections of Nova Scotia to arrangement, [186];
condition of, in 1841, [255];
report of legislature, [256];
erected into separate department, [257];
demands for reduced postage, [258];
legislature concurs in resolutions of interprovincial postal conference, [271];
provincial government assumes control of, [273];
expansion of postal service, [281];
rates of postage, [281];
revenue and expenditure, [282];
attitude of government towards deficits, [282]
New Castle, Pa., postal rate from Philadelphia to, [7]
New England, confederation of, postmaster appointed for, [7];
direct route from Quebec to, surveyed, [47];
Governor Wentworth of New Hampshire assists in establishment of another route to Canada, [49];
Governor Hutchinson of Massachusetts not encouraging as to route, [49]
Newfoundland, post office in, early mode of communication with England, [333];
postage rates to, [333];
connection with England by Cunard steamers at Halifax, [334];
inland postal system established, [336];
efforts to secure direct service to England, [338];
improvements and extensions of inland service, [339]-[342];
railway available between St. John's and Harbour Grace, [342];
communication with Labrador, [342];
money order system established, [343];
government telegraphs, [344]
New Hampshire, terms of first post office act in, [9], [11];
postage rates to, [10];
act allowed by privy council, [11]
New Haven, modes of evading post office monopoly at, [51]
New Johnston, post office opened at, [89]
Newspapers, transmission of, not provided for in imperial postal act, [61];
arrangements for distribution of, by post, [61];
defects in scheme, [62];
agitation for change in method of collecting postage, [158];

rates charged, [158];
postage is perquisite of deputy postmaster general, [160];
attack on this system, [160];
Stayner advises change of system, [165];
question of postage in Maritime provinces, [186];
W. L. Mackenzie's evidence on evasions, [196];
Stayner's defence of his practice in taking perquisites, [198];
abolition of postage, as perquisite, and establishment of fixed rate, [241];
postage after provinces take control of post office, [276];
imperial scheme of postage proposed, [330];
rates between 1875 and 1914, [332]

New York, city of, earliest postal arrangements for, [4];
communication with Boston, [6];
postage rates from Philadelphia, Boston and Virginia, [10];
headquarters of colonial postal system, [19], [60];
John Antill postmaster of, [69]
New York, colony of, terms of first post office act in, [9];
postage rates to, [10];
act allowed by privy council, [11]
Niagara, postal communication opened with, [89]
North American Colonies (now United States), extent of postal system, [1];
first post office, [2];
mode of communicating with England, [2], [5];
early attempts at postal service between, [6], [7];
patent for postal service granted to Thomas Neale, [8];
line of posts established in 1693, [15];
revenue of postal system, 1693-1697, [15];
proposed arrangement for exchange of mails with England, [15];
effect of imperial act of 1711 on status of colonial post office, [18];
deficient revenues from postal system, [25];
evasion of postmaster general's monopoly, [25], [50];
increase in facilities under Franklin, [26], [29];
prosperous condition of postal system, [26];
sailing packets established between England and, [29], [34];
arrangements for service to southern colonies, [35];
establishment of southern division of the postal system, [35];
summary of packet service in 1764, [36];
summary of whole postal system, [44];
surplus revenue in 1764, [44];
unpopularity of the post office, [45];
inspection report of system from Maine to Georgia, [50];
New York, administrative centre, [60];
proposition to suppress colonial post office, [64];
post office ceases its function, [65];
Foxcroft and Dashwood, prisoners of war, [66]
"North Briton" steamship of Allan line wrecked, [311]
Northern Railway, construction of, [278]
"Norwegian" steamship of Allan line wrecked, [312]
Nova Scotia, establishment of inland postal service, [178];
postal charges in, [178];
changes in route as result of war of 1812, [179];
difficulties of deputy postmaster general in complying with demands for increased service, [179];
his success, [179];
state of postal service in 1817, [180];
legislature assisted in maintaining mail service, [180], [244];
legislature determines to take control of postal service, [190];
bill to that end disallowed, [190];
satisfactory arrangement arrived at, [191];
mail service between Pictou and Halifax improved at greatly augmented cost, [223];
friction with Canada over maintenance of this service, [223];
defects in postal service disclosed by royal commission, [234];
characteristics of post office as compared with the Canadian post office, [243];
demand of legislature that Halifax should be maintained by imperial post office, [245];
deficit in revenue of, [246];
investigated by British post office official, [248];
findings of investigation, [248];
salary of deputy postmaster general, [250];
interference of local government with, [250];
Arthur Woodgate succeeds Howe as deputy postmaster general on death of latter, [252];
agitation for reduced postage, [252];
legislative committee discuss question of provincial control, [267];
legislature adopts conclusions of interprovincial conference, [270];
provincial government assumes control of, [273];
expansion of service, [280];
mode of communication with Canada, [280];
postage rates, [280];
registration, and money order system introduced, [280];
revenue and expenditure, [281];
railway mail service in, at Confederation, [281]
O'Callaghan, Dr. E. B., chairman of legislative committee on postal affairs, [198]
Ormonde, Marquess of, makes proposals for ocean steamship service, [127]
Osnabruck, post office opened at, [89]
Ottawa, first known as Richmond landing, [115]
Ottawa River, steamer on river between Long Sault and Hull, [116]
Pennsylvania, beginnings of postal service in, [7];
terms of first post office act in, [9];
postage rates to, [10];
act allowed by privy council, [11]
Pensacola, included in packet system, [35]
Perth, opening of post office at, [114]
Philadelphia, postal arrangements between, and outlying places, [7];
postage rates from Boston, New York and Virginia, [10]

Postage Rates, in former colonies (now United States), [7], [8], [10], [13], [16], [20], [22];
mode of calculating postal charges, [20], [178];
in Canada under act of 1765, [43], [133];
under revolutionary postal system, [66];
general practice to collect on delivery, [71], [238];
mode of collection between Canada and United States, [91], [125];
Governor Simcoe's view as to disposal of surplus postage, [93];
between Canada and Great Britain, under post office regulations, and by private ship, [122], [123];
postage rates in New Brunswick, [178];
great reduction in rate between Canada and Great Britain, [227]-[229];
royal commission report on inland rates, [236];
weight system introduced, [240];
agitation for reduction, [242], [252], [258];
recommendations of Nova Scotia legislature, [268];
recommendations of interprovincial conference, [270];
reductions in Canada, [275],
in Nova Scotia, [280],
in New Brunswick, [281];
rates in British Columbia, [325];
imperial penny postage, [330];
imperial newspaper rates, [330];
inland rates two cents per ounce, [331];
between St. John's, Newfoundland, and England, [333];
inland postage in Newfoundland, [334];
rates under colonial postal system, [337]
Postage Stamps, introduced in Canada, [275]
Postal Revenues, from 1693 to 1697, [15];
surplus in 1764, [44];
surplus from Canada in 1822, [142];
average surplus from Canada for seven years ending 1825, [148];
average surplus from Canada for 1825 and 1826, [161];
imperial act of 1834 to transfer revenues to provinces, [170];
reception of act in Maritime provinces, [188],
in Upper Canada, [193];
surplus for period ending 1834, [199];
governor general declines to stop remitting to England, [205];
legislature of Upper Canada petitions for surplus, [211];
surplus from Canada, [242];
expansion of revenue, 1868-1914, [331]
Postmasters, exempt from billeting, [71];
postmaster at Montreal represented that he had been excepted from regulation, [71];
nomination of, removed from deputy postmaster general to governor general, [239];
Stayner's fruitless objections thereto, [240]
Post Office Commission, personnel, and duties, [233];
report of, [234]
Post Office Convention, between Canada and United States, [90];
between Great Britain and United States, [283]
Post Office Surveyorship, established, [47];
Finlay appointed to, [47];
two appointed, [171]
Post Road, between Montreal and Quebec, account of, [38];
constructed by Lanoullier de Boisclair, [41]
Post Roads, arrangements with maîtres de poste for conveyance of post office couriers, [43]
Prince Edward Island, early arrangements for postal service, [185];
condition of postal service, 1827-1841, [260];
post office managed by provincial government, [261];
legislature concurs in resolutions of interprovincial postal conference, [272]
Quebec and Halifax mail service, details of route, [76];
trip by Durand in 1784, [81];
measures to open communication by land, [83];
improving New Brunswick section of route, [84];
proposition to follow Bay of Chaleurs route, [107];
conditions of service in 1840, [220]
Quebec, post office opened at, [1];
post road between Montreal and, [38];
mail service opened between Montreal and, [43];
route from, to New England surveyed, [47];
account of earlier explorations of this route, [47];
expense of journey met by subscription in Quebec, [48];
post office building in, destroyed by fire, [239]
Railways, beginnings and development in Canada, [277];
economy of time effected by use of, [278];
postal cars employed on, [278];
augmentation of expenses through using, [279];
rates of payment for mail service on, fixed by royal commission, [279];
railways in Nova Scotia at Confederation, [281];
uninterrupted line between Atlantic seaboard and Chicago and New Orleans, [302]
Randolph, Edward, postmaster of confederation of New England, [8]
Rebellion of 1837, effects of, on post office, [213]
Registration, introduced in Canada, [277]
Revolutionary Post Office, suggested, [60];
scheme for, [63];
Franklin made postmaster general, Bache, secretary, and Goddard, surveyor, [64];
extended to Montreal, [66];
postage rates to Canada, [66];
arrangements for mail service, [66]
Revolutionary War, mails taken possession of, by Commanders-in-Chief, who direct their distribution, [69]

Richelieu River, efforts to obtain mail service to settlements on, [79]
Richibucto, post office opened at, [182]
Richmond, Upper Canada, post office opened at, [115]
Roads, between Montreal and Quebec, [38], [41];
between Bay of Quinte and York, [100];
between York and Kingston, and York and Ancaster, [103] (see Quebec and Halifax).
Robbery of mail, between Montreal and Toronto, [171];
curious disclosure by robber, [171];
by sympathizers with disaffected, [215]
Robinson, John Beverly, defends imperial control of Canadian postal service, [144], [147]
Rolph, Dr. John, correspondence with deputy postmaster general about opening post office at Delaware, [133];
advocates provincial control of postal system, [145]
Roupell, George, deputy postmaster general for southern division, [35, note 2]
St. Andrews, Lower Canada, post office opened at, [116]
St. Augustine, Fort, included in packet system, [35]
St. Eustache, post office opened at, [116]
St. John, N.B., post office opened in, [178]
St. John's, Newfoundland, post office opened at, [333];
embraced in imperial system, [334];
objections of merchants to regular post office, [335];
revenue from 1841 to 1849, [336]
St. John's, Quebec, arrangements for delivery of mails to, [79]
St. Stephen, post office opened at, [182]
St. Thomas, Upper Canada, post office opened at, [117]
Sault Ste Marie, post office opened at, [264]
Savings Bank, post office, opening of, and expansion of operations, [331]
Sherbrooke, post office opened at, [118]
Sorel, arrangements for delivery of mails at, [79]
Stanstead, post office opened at, [117]
Stayner, Thomas Allen, succeeds Sutherland as deputy postmaster general, [153];
gains confidence of superiors and a freer hand in administration, [154];
declines to give information to committee of Lower Canada assembly, [161];
sustained by governor general and postmaster general in his refusal to give information, [162];
convinced that arrangement by which newspaper postage became his perquisite should cease, [165];
compelled to disclose information regarding post office, [194];
disregards admonition of Lower Canada legislative committee to cease sending surplus revenue to England, [199];
his income from newspapers and other sources, [200];
powers curtailed by governor general, [230];
his character [230];
nomination of postmasters withdrawn from him, [239];
perquisites abolished, and fixed salary substituted, [241];
relinquishes control of post office in Canada, [273];
his administration characterized, [273]
Steamboats, illegal conveyance of letters by, [150];
no action taken upon, [152]
Sussexvale, post office opened at, [182]
Sutherland, Daniel, succeeds Heriot as deputy postmaster general, [114];
retires, [130], [153]
Sydney, Cape Breton, post office in, [184]
Telegraphs in Newfoundland, sketch of system, [344]
Three Rivers, post office opened at, [1], [42]
Toronto, postmaster of, dismissed by Bond Head for lack of loyalty, [214] (see York).
Transatlantic Mail Service—
Old Colonial Period.
Earliest arrangements for exchange of correspondence with England, [2];
regular packet service established, [29], [34];
service between England and West Indies, [30];
re-arrangement, [35];
summary of system in 1764, [36]
Revolutionary Period.
Packets withdrawn from regular routes, [67];
attacked by privateers, [67];
"Lord Hyde" attacked, [67];
"Sandwich," [68];
"Harriott," [68];
"Swallow" captured, [72];
"Weymouth" captured, [72];
"Le Despencer" captured, [73];
"Duke of York" captured, [73];
"Harriott" and "Eagle" captured, [73];
number of packets captured or damaged, [73]
Post-revolutionary Period.
Packet service resumed between England and New York, [80];
merchants in Canada demand re-opening of service to England by way of New York, [80];
established between England and Halifax, [85], [86], [173];
winter arrangements for British mails to Halifax, [87];
elaborate scheme proposed by William Knox for communications between England and North America, [87];
conditions of service between 1806 and 1819, [118];
proposition of Marquess of Ormonde for ocean steam service, [127];
communication between colonies and Great Britain almost entirely through United States, [156];
comments of W. L. Mackenzie upon, [168]
Steamship Service.
Steamers "Great Western" and "Sirius" carry mails from British ports to New York, [216];
petition that Halifax be terminal port for steamers, in North America, [217];
British government agrees, and contract is awarded to Samuel Cunard, [218];
comprehensive scheme for concentrating all mails from Great Britain for North America at Halifax, [219];
its failure, [220];
advantages of Boston as terminal port for Canadian mails, [224];
Boston substituted for Halifax, [225];
arrangements with United States post office for transit across its territory, [225];
Cunard steamers make New York principal port of call, [284]
Canadian Ocean Mail Service.
Canada invited to join imperial scheme for colonial service, [284];
objections of Canada, [285];
beginnings of, [286];
contract made with Hugh Allan, [286];
comparison in speed of Canadian, Cunard and Collins lines, [287];
unfriendly attitude of British government towards Canadian line, [287];
views of Canadian government on this attitude, [289];
negotiations for employment of Canadian steamers for conveyance of British and United States mails, [290];
favourable treatment accorded to Cunard line, [292];
report of select committee of house of commons, on steamship service, [293];
partiality to Galway line at expense of Canadian and Inman lines, [295];
condemnation of government of Great Britain by select committee of house of commons, [297];
disingenuous conduct of British government towards postmaster general of Canada, [297];
weekly service of steamers between Quebec and Liverpool, [302];
postmaster general of Canada negotiates with governments of Great Britain and France for use of improved facilities, [302];
and with governments of France, Belgium and Prussia, [304];
difficulties owing to hostility of general post office, [304];
great proportion of mails between Canada and Great Britain carried by Canadian line, [307];
series of disasters to steamships of Canadian line, [308]-[313];
parliamentary investigation, [310];
new contract with Allans, [314]
United States Post Office, postal convention with, [90];
goodwill of, towards communication between Canada and Great Britain, [120];
cordial relations with, [283];
convention of 1848 with, [283];
its services utilized for conveyance of mails to Maritime provinces, [280],
to Manitoba, [322],
to British Columbia, [323];
dependence on, for interprovincial correspondence, [327]
Universal Postal Union, Canada becomes member of, [329];
beneficent results of, [329]
Upper Canada, opening of post offices in, [89];
Simcoe's plan for separate post office department in, [92];
regular mail service established in, [99];
arrangement between Amherstburg and Niagara, [101];
increased service to, [102], [104];
deputy postmaster general recommended for, [104];
difficulties of correspondence in, [105];
postal conditions in, in 1824, [132];
legislature begins agitation for improvements, [133];
exorbitant charges on letters circulating in, [133], [134];
protest of legislature, [134];
raises question of legality of imperial control of Canadian postal system, [135];
report of assembly on subject, [136];
report of committee of assembly in 1825, [143];
recommendation that postal system should be controlled by province, [144];
lieutenant governor opposes pretentions of legislature, [145];
report of assembly in 1829, [156];
proposition for high administrative officer in, [156], [157];
continues agitation against postal administration, [163];
legislature rejects imperial act respecting disposition of surplus revenues, [193];
lack of postal facilities in, [195];
legislative assembly of, draw up scheme for provincial post office, [203];
report of legislative council on post office, [207];
address to King on post office, [208];
legislature passes franking act, [209];
legislature demands surplus revenue, [211];
time occupied in conveying British mails to, by Halifax and by New York, [221]

Victoria, British Columbia, extreme isolation of, [323]
Viger, Denis Benjamin, interviewed Colonial Secretary respecting postal affairs, [167]
Virginia, proposition to establish post office in, [4];
rates of postage to Philadelphia, New York, and Boston, [10];
proceedings of legislature respecting establishment of post office, [12];
early arrangements, [13];
efforts to attach to colonial system, [22];
frustration of scheme to impose act of 1710 in, [23];
included in colonial system, [24]
Way Offices, a peculiarity of Maritime provinces, [248];
explained, [249]
West Indies, packet boats established between Great Britain and, [31];
large postal revenues of, [31];
packet service restored, [34]
Windsor, Nova Scotia, post office opened in, [178]
Wolfville, post office opened under name of Horton, [178]
Woodgate, Arthur, succeeds Howe as deputy postmaster general of Nova Scotia, [252]
York, first post office at, [94]
York, Duke of, claim of, on American postal revenues, [7]
Young, William, confers with general post office respecting Nova Scotia post office, [191]

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