[158] Philosophical Magazine, 3rd Series, vol. xxxvii. p. 401, December 1850; also August 1849.

[159] History, &c., p. 334.

[160] Essai Philosophique, p. 57.

[161] Proceedings of the Royal Society; 20 January, 1870; Philosophical Magazine, 4th Series, vol. xxxix. p. 381.

[162] Principia, bk. ii. General scholium.

[163] Essai Philosophique, p. 55. Laplace appears to count the rings of Saturn as giving two independent movements.

[164] Lubbock, Essay on Probability, p. 14. De Morgan, Encyc. Metrop. art. Probability, p. 412. Todhunter’s History of the Theory of Probability, p. 543. Concerning the objections raised to these conclusions by Boole, see the Philosophical Magazine, 4th Series, vol. ii. p. 98. Boole’s Laws of Thought, pp. 364–375.

[165] Laplace, Essai Philosophique, pp. 55, 56.

[166] Chambers’ Astronomy, 2nd ed. pp. 346–49.

[167] Traité élémentaire du Calcul des Probabilités, 3rd ed. (1833), p. 148.