A = ABC ꖌ ABc,(1)

we know by the Law of Duality that

AB = ABC ꖌ ABc.(2)

As the second member of this is identical with the second member of (1) we may substitute, obtaining

A = AB.

This process of reducing useless alternatives may be applied again and again; for it is plain that

A = AB (CD ꖌ CdcD ꖌ cd)

communicates no more information than that A is B. Abstraction of indifferent terms is in fact the converse process to that of development described in p. [89]; and it is one of the most important operations in the whole sphere of reasoning.

The reader should observe that in the proposition

AC = BC