New Theories in Astronomy - William Stirling

Name.	Mean Distance from Sun (Miles).	Equatorial Diameter (Miles).	Volume (Cubic Miles) Water=1.	Density.	Volume at Density of Water (Cubic Miles).	Time of Revolution Around Sun (Days).
Sun	—	867,000	341,237,637,800,000,000	1·413	482,169,000,000,000,000	—
Mercury	35,987,000	2,957	13,537,968,847	6·850	92,735,000,000	87·9692
Venus	67,245,000	7,660	235,334,728,260	4·810	1,131,960,000,000	224·7007
Earth	92,965,000	7,918	259,923,832,335	5·660	1,471,169,000,000	365·2563
Mars	141,650,000	4,185	38,378,333,333	4·188	160,728,460,000	686·9796
Supposed planet	260,300,000	——	————	——	367,792,000,000	1,714·1876
Jupiter	483,678,000	87,680	352,940,162,601,626	1·358	479,292,741,000,000	4,332·2548
Saturn	886,779,000	73,713	209,716,183,575,000	0·736	154,351,000,000,000	10,759·2198
Uranus	1,783,383,000	33,563	19,796,209,090,910	1·302	25,874,664,000,000	30,688·5076
Neptune	2,794,000,000	36,620	25,713,106,508,876	1·132	29,107,237,000,000	60,186·6385

Part II.—Satellites of Planets.

Name.	Mean Distance from Primary (Miles).	Equatorial Diameter (Miles).	Volume (Cubic Miles) Water=1.	Density. Water=1.	Volume at Density of Water (Cubic Miles).	Total Volume at Density of Water (Cubic Miles).
			Of the Earth.
Moon	238,833	2160	5,276,682,926	3·438	——	18,141,236,000
			Of Jupiter.
Jo	267,380	2252	5,980,050,000	1·132	6,769,416,600
Europa	425,160	2099	4,842,133,708	2·141	10,367,008,269
Ganymede	678,390	3436	21,240,229,268	1·868	39,676,748,273
Callisto	1,192,820	2929	13,157,027,273	1·472	19,367,144,146
						76,180,317,288
			Of Saturn.
Mimas	120,800	1000	523,600,000	—
Enceladus	155,000	- ? -	65,450,000	—
Tethys	191,000	500	65,450,000	—
Dione	246,000	500	65,450,000	—
Rhea	343,000	1200	904,780,417	—
Titan	796,000	3300	18,816,606,060	—	Total Volume
Hyperon	1,007,000	- ? -	3,053,634,965	—	(Cubic Miles).
Japetus	2,314,000	1800	3,053,634,965	0·736	26,548,606,407	19,539,774,315
			Of Uranus.
Ariel	123,000
Umbriel	171,000		Total mass taken at 1/15,000th of primary			1,724,977,600
Titania	281,000
Oberon	376,000
			Of Neptune.
———	220,000	Mass taken at 1/40,000th of primary				727,680,925

Part III.—Rings of Saturn.

Rings.	Diameter of Rings in Miles.		Areas of Rings in Square Miles.		Thickness of Rings in Miles.	Volume of Rings in Cubic Miles.	Density (Water=1).	Volume at Density of Water in Cubic Miles.
Outer	Outer	172,240		5,252,035,427
Outer	Inner	151,590		5,252,035,427
Middle	Outer	148,100		6,919,075,757
Middle	Inner	114,560		6,919,075,757
Dark	Outer	110,060		3,040,689,488
Dark	Inner	90,993		3,040,689,488
	Total			15,211,800,672	90	1,369,062,060,480	.0001425	195,000,000

(4) All of these bodies, planets, satellites, and rings were supposed to revolve around their primaries, and to rotate on their axes, in the same direction viz., from right to left, in the opposite direction to the hands of a watch.

In addition to the above definition it is necessary to give some sort of description of the various parts of the machine or system which has to be made out of the nebula, with their positions, dimensions, and details. This we believe will be made plain enough, in the simplest manner, by [Table No. I]., taken and calculated from the elements of the solar system given in almost all astronomical works, from which we have selected what we believe to be the most modern data.

The construction of this table requires some explanation on account of its being made to show complete results from incomplete data. There has been no difficulty with the sun, the major planets, and the satellites of the earth and Jupiter, but for the minor planets, the satellites of the three outer planets, and the rings of Saturn, we have been obliged to exercise our judgment as best we could.

There being almost no data whatever of the dimensions and densities of the minor planets, to be found, we have been driven in order to assign some mass to them, to imagine the existence of one planet to represent the whole of them (in fact Olbers's planet before it exploded), which we have supposed to be placed at the mean distance of 260,300,000 miles from the centre of the sun; and we have given to it a mass equal to one-fourth of the mass of the earth, that being, in the opinion of some astronomers, the greatest mass which the whole of them put together could have. This assumption we shall explain more fully at a more suitable time.