E. Kirkall sculp.
Calleva is again mentioned in the XIIIth and XIVth journeys, both which I have already corrected; and they mutually confirm one another, and take away all difficulties when they are considered together. Lastly, Calleva is mentioned in the XVth journey of Antoninus: I shall exhibit it in this form, which I conceive to be its original one. We have cleared all the other parts of it before, where it differs from this in the printed copies.
ITER XV. a Caleva Atrebatum, Iscam Dumnoniorum M. P. CXXXXI. sic
| Caleva Atrebatum | Farnham | |
| Vindoma | Silchester | XV |
| Venta Belgarum | Winchester | XXI |
| Brigæ | by Broughton | XI |
| Sorbiodunum | Old Sarum | VIII |
| Vindogladia | Boroston | XII |
| Ibernium | Bere regis | XIIII |
| Durnovaria | Dorchester | IX |
| Moridunum | Seaton | XXXVI |
| Isca Dumnoniorum | Excester | XV |
| ———— | ||
| CXXXXI | ||
Perhaps the last X in the sum total was corrupted into a V after the station was dropped out. The first part of it here establishes the site of Calleva in respect to Venta Belgarum; as in the XIIIth and XIVth journeys in respect to Spina; so that it is proved from different points of a triangle, and as it were by mathematical demonstration.
I imagine the occasion of over-sight in this matter is owing to Mr. Camden’s settling the Atrebates in Berkshire; and his authority, no doubt, with every one is of the greatest weight deservedly: yet I suppose his only reason for it is because he thought Wallingford the Calleva Atrebatum, as having some resemblance to his supposed Gallena. In his Roman map he has set these Atrebates partly north of the Thames in Oxfordshire, where himself puts the Ancalites, and partly south, where rightly he fixes the Bibroci in Berkshire: this is in my judgement too far northward. I doubt not but the Bibroci inhabited Berkshire intirely to the Thames, as I proved in a former letter; to which we may add, that if, as he says, this country was called by the Saxons Berrocscyre, there can be no difficulty in asserting the word derived from Bibroci. The Atrebates came undoubtedly from Gallia Belgica, where were a people of the same name upon the sea-coasts; and if we place them here in Surrey about this their capital, they may with some propriety with Mr. Camden be said here in Britain to live over-against their own country, where Ptolemy places them in the maritime parts upon the Sein; but not if he sends them up to the top of the Thames: nor is it probable they should have penetrated so far up the country, even beyond their brethren the Belgæ, by all allowed the most powerful colony of transmarine people at that time. The Segontiaci as well as Bibroci, on this side the Thames, would confessedly oppose such passage; therefore, if we give Sussex to the Regni, we must reserve Surrey for these Atrebates, and Farnham their capital; and this is agreeable to Ptolemy, who places them next the Cantii.
A little without Farnham eastward, the road divides into two branches with an acute angle: one goes to Guildford and Darking, where it meets the Stane-street coming from Chichester; the other to Stanes, which I prosecuted to Farnborow, probably a station or inn, or camp to secure the road over this wild country; for it is deep sand from Farnham to Egham: but where in particular the Roman road went is not easy to define, because of the extraordinary sandiness of the whole country:[141] but at Frimley, near here, about sixteen year ago, an urn with Roman coins and intaglia’s was found: Mr. Titchburn had them. This is directly in the way to Farnbarow. I suppose there was a Roman way from Silchester through Stretley, Hartley row, Harford bridge, which signifies trajectus militaris, but from the mooryness of the soil is quite worn away. I take this road to be a continuation of that coming from the Bath by Marlborough;[142] but at Stanes I saw our road very evidently go through the fields west of the bridge, and directly over-against it;TAB. LVI. for it must be understood that the Romans drew a road, as I said before, under the Icening-street, and parallel to it, which went from Regnum to London. This is what we have been upon, and composes this VIIth Iter: From thence it passed through Colchester to the sea-coasts of Suffolk. Now between Stanes and London it is notorious, being the common road at present, till you come to Turnham green:[143] there the present road through Hammersmith and Kensington leaves it; for it passes more northward upon the common, where to a discerning eye the trace of it is manifest; then it goes over a little brook called from it Stanford-bridge, and comes into the Acton road at a common, and a bridge, a little west of Camden house, so along Hyde-park wall, and crosses the Watling-street at Tyburn, then along Oxford-road. But of this part of it, going to Old-street, north of London, I spoke before.
84
Prospect of Stanes Sept. 16. 1723.
Pontes
16 Sep. 1723.