| 1888—W.T. Hornaday's census | 1,300 |
| 1902—S.P. Langley's census | 1,394 |
| 1905—Frank Baker's census | 1,697 |
| 1908—W.T. Hornaday's census | 2,047 |
| 1910—W.P. Wharton's census (in North America) | 2,108 |
| 1912—W.P. Wharton's census (in North America) | 2,907 |
To-day, nearly one-half of the living bison are in very large governmental parks, perpetually established and breeding rapidly, as follows:
| In The United States | |
| Yellowstone Park fenced herd, founded by Congress | 125 |
| Montana National Bison Range, founded by The American Bison Society | 69 |
| Wichita Bison Range, founded by The New York Zoological Society | 39 |
| Wind Cave Bison Range, S. Dakota, founded by Am. Bison Society | To be stocked |
| Niobrara (Neb.) National Bison Range, now in process of creation | To be stocked |
| In Canada | |
| Buffalo Park, Wainwright, Alberta | 1,052 |
| Elk Island Park, Alberta | 53 |
| Rocky Mountains Park, Banff, Alberta | 27 |
| ----- | |
| Total National and Provincial Preserves | 1,365 |
Of wild bison there are only three groups: 49 head in the Yellowstone National Park, about 75 Pablo "outlaws" around the Montana Bison Range, and between 300 and 400 head in northern Athabasca, southwest of Fort Resolution, existing in small and widely scattered bands.
The efforts of man to atone for the great bison slaughter by preserving the species from extinction have been crowned with success. Two governments and two thousand individuals have shared this task,—solely for sentimental reasons. In these facts we find reason to hope and believe that other efforts now being made to save other species from annihilation will be equally successful.
CHAPTER XVIII
THE PRESENT AND FUTURE OF AFRICAN GAME