Guatemala

by William Tufts Brigham

I am indebted to my friend Professor Sereno Watson, of Harvard, for the identification of species, which to the number of sixty he has already determined from some five hundred that he collected in the Departments of Livingston and Izabal. I did not myself make any collection, but noted the genera that were familiar to me as I travelled through the country. So little has been published about the Guatemaltecan Flora that I have ventured to add these notes to Professor Watson’s list.

• Clematis americana, Will. Near Izabal.
• dioica, L. Panajachel.
• caripensis, HBK. Sacapulas, Jutiapa.
• polycephala, Bert. V. de Agua.
• sericea, HBK. San José.
• Davilla rugosa, Poir. Banks of Rio Dulce, Rio Chocon.
• lucida, Presl? Chocon.
• Doliocarpus pubens, Mart. Livingston.
• Curatella americana, L. Dry hills near Quirigua.
• Tetracera n. sp. Rio Chocon.
• Guatteria Jurgensenii, Hemsl. Shores of Lago de Izabal, Chocon.
• n. sp.
• Anona squamosa, L. Livingston, muricata, L. Cunen, Uspantán.
• Anona Cherimolia, Mill. Common.
• palustris, L. Sea-shore near Livingston.
• Xylopia frutescens, Aubl., var. glabra. Shores of Lago de Izabal.
• Cissampelus Pareira, L. Izabal, Rio Dulce.
• tropæolifolia, DC.? Izabal.
• Nymphaea ampla, DC. Rio Polochic, mouth of Rio Chocon.
• Argemone mexicana, L.
• Draba vulcanica, Benth. V. de Agua.
• Cleome polygama, L. San Felipe.
• Moringa pterygosperma, Gaertu. Zacapa, Chiquimula.
• Bixa Orellana, L.
• Xylosma nitida, A. G.
• Alsodeia guatemalensis, Watson. Rio Chocon.
• Oncoba laurina, Oliver. Izabal, Rio Chocon.
• Casearia Brighami, Watson. Chocon.
• Polygala asperuloides, HBK. Izabal.
• Jatropha Curcas, L.
• Janipha Manihot, HBK.
• Croton. (Several sp. on coast, not determined.)
• Euphorbia Poinsettii. Uplands.
• Hura crepitans, L. Sacapulas, Zacapa.
• Two euphorbiaceous trees in eastern highlands.
• Drymaria cordata, Willd. Lago de Izabal.
• Quercus (2 sp.). Cunen to Quiché.
• Portulaca oleracea, L. Livingston, Chocon.
• Phytolacca icosandra, L. Antigua, Santa Cruz del Quiché.
• Amaranthus paniculatus, L. Cunen, Jutiapa.
• Sida rhombifolia, L. Chocon.
• Abutilon. (Trees at La Tinta. Several allied sp. banks of Rio Chocon.)
• Hibiscus Abelmoschus, L. Izabal.
• Gossypium barbadense, L. Livingston.
• Hampea (?) stipitata, Watson. Large tree, Chocon.
• Paritium tiliaceum, A. Juss. Shore near Santo Tomas.
• Pavonia racemosa, Swartz. Rio Dulce.
• Eriodendron ceiba. Sacapulas, Chocon, Quirigua.
• Bernoullia flammea, Oliv. Istapa.
• Cheirostemon platanoides, Hum. & Bon. V. de Fuego, Encuentros.
• Helicteres guazumæfolia, HBK. Cerro del Mico.
• Pachira macrocarpa. Rio Chocon, Motagua.
• insignis, Sav. Red petals at Omoa.
• sp. Chocon.
• Theobroma cacao, L. Chocon, Quirigua, Pansos.
• Guazuma tomentosa, HBK. Chocon.
• Gouania tomentosa, Jacq.
• Gomphia (Ouratea) guatemalensis, Engler. Chocon.
• Vitis sicyoides, var. ovata, Baker. Lago de Izabal.
• lanceolata, Watson. Rio Dulce, Rio Chocon.
• vulpina, L. var. Izabalana, Watson. Izabal.
• Clusia guatemalensis, Hemsl. V. de Fuego.
• Large tree, Chocon.
• Low, wide-spreading tree, Izabal.
• Matapalo tree.
• Symphonia globulifera, L. “Hog-gum.” Large tree, Chocon.
• Calophyllum Calaba, Jacq. Livingston.
• Maregraavia rectiflora, Triana & Planch.
• var. Goudoutiana. Chocon.
• Ruyschia Souroubea, W. Livingston.
• Sauraujia oreophila, Hemsl. V. de Fuego.
• pauciserrata, Hemsl. V. de Fuego.
• Sauvagesia erecta, L. Cerro del Mico.
• tenella, Lam. Barbasco.
• Salix (2 sp.). Lago de Izabal, Rio Polochic, Amatitlan.
• Erythroxylum sp. Livingston.
• Linum guatemalense, Benth. V. de Agua.
• Byrsonima crassifolia, HBK. Cult. Izabal.
• Bunchosia Lanieri, Watson. Tree, Izabal.
• Lindeniana, Juss. Cuilapa.
• Stigmaphyllon Lupulus, Watson. Chocon.
• Hiræa reclinata, Jacq. Rio Dulce.
• sp.? Chocon?
• Cardiospermum grandiflorum, Swartz, var. hirsutum, Radl. Izabal.
• Halicacabum, L. Rio Chocon.
• Serjania mexicana, Willd. Rio Chocon.
• Paullinia sorbilis, Mart. Chocon.
• velutina, DC. Chocon.
• guatemalensis, Turcz.
• Melia Azederach, L. Escuintla, Izabal, naturalized.
• Guarea bijuga, C. DC.? Chocon.
• Swietenia Mahogani, L. Chocon, Quirigua.
• Cedrela odorata, L. Chocon.
• Citrus medica, var. Limonum. Naturalized.
• Oxalis dendroides, HBK. Cerro del Mico, 1500 ft.
• Tribulus cistoides, L. Shores.
• Guaiacum officinale, L.
• guatemalense, Herb. Kew, Zacapa.
• Quassia amara, L. Shores of Lago de Izabal.
• Picræna excelsa, Lindl.? Chocon.
• Alvaradoa amorphoides, Liebm. (?) Chocon.
• Hippocratea ovata, Lam. Rio Dulce.
• Wimmeria discolor, Schlecht. Rio Dulce.
• Zizyphus guatemalensis, Hemsl.
• Ficus (3 + sp.). Chocon.
• Cecropia palmata, W. Rio Chocon.
• Dorstenia contrayerva, L. Chixoy Valley.
• Castilloa elastica, Cervant.
• Maclura aurantiaca, Nutt.
• Peperomia (2 sp.). On trees, Chocon.
• Bursera gummifera, L.? Chocon.
• Spondias lutea, L. Chocon.
• purpurea, L. “Jocote.”
• sp.? “Maho.” Chocon.
• Rourea glabra, HBK. Lago de Izabal.
• Connarus Pottsii, Watson. Shores at Izabal.
• Mangifera indica, L. Naturalized.
• Anacardium occidentale, L. Cayo Paloma, Pacific coast.
• Quercus (2 sp.). Uplands above Cunen.
• Indigofera anil, L.
• Tephrosia toxicaria, Pers.
• Sesbania exasperata, HBK.
• Desmodium. 2 sp. at Chocon, another at El Mico.
• Mucuna puriens, DC. Vado Hondo.
• Erythrina velutina, W. Livingston.
• Myroxylon Pereirac, Klotzs. Escuintla.
• toluiferum, HBK. S. Coast.
• Poinciana pulcherrima, L. Antigua.
• Hæmatoxylon campechianum, L. Usumacinta Valley.
• Guilandina bonduc, L. Shores.
• Cæsalpinia (2 sp.). Chocon and Pacific.
• Dalbergia calycina, Benth. Chocon.
• Cassia fistula, L.
• 2 sp. common at Livingston, another at Antigua.
• Tamarindus indica, L.
• Hymenæa courbaril, L. Rio Chocon, Rio Polochic.
• Bauhinia (2 sp.). Chocon, Quirigua.
• Entada scandens, Benth. Chocon.
• Prosopis juliflora, DC. Dry uplands.
• Mimosa pudica, L.
• casta, L. Livingston.
• guatemalensis, Benth.
• Acacia Farnesiana, W. Jutiapa, Cuilapa.
• spadicigera, Schlecht.
• arabica, W. Jutiapa. (4 + others.)
• Calliandra saman, Gr. Santo Tomas.
• Pithecolobium sp. Vado Hondo.
• Inga vera, W. Rio Chocon, Rio Polochic.
• Schizolobium sp. “Wild tamarind.” Rio Dulce, Rio Chocon.
• Chrysobalanus Icaco, L. Shores.
• Hirtella americana, Aublet. Chocon.
• Rubus sp. Alta Verapaz.
• Jambosa vulgaris, DC. Rio Dulce.
• Psidium guava, Radd. Pansos, San Felipe.
• sp. Quirigua, Rio Polochic.
• Jussiæa repens, L. Rio Polochic.
• Rhizophora Mangle, L. Rio Dulce, Santo Tomas.
• Cacoucia coccinea, Aublet. Rio Chocon, common.
• Terminalia Catappa, L. Naturalized, San Pedro Sula.
• Persea gratissima, G. Naturalized.
• Orcodaphne sp. Cunen.
• Sechium edule, Sw. West coast, Cerro Redondo.
• Cucumis Anguria, L. Punta Gorda.
• Luffa acutangula, Roxb. West coast.
• Lagenaria vulgaris, Sw.
• Cyclanthera explodens, Naud. V. de Fuego.
• Microsechium guatemalense, Hemsl. Trujillo, Palin.
• Fevillea, sp.
• Carica Papaya, L.
• sp. with small, unedible fruit. Valleys of Volcan de Fuego.
• Passiflora Brighami, Watson. Livingston, Rio Chocon.
• edulis, Sims.
• guatemalensis Watson. Chocon.
• choconiana, Watson,
• lunata, Willd.
• coriacea, Juss.
• quadrangularis, L. Antigua.
• 3 sp. Rio Chocon, 1 El Mico, small plant with veined leaves, Chocon.
• Turnera sp. San Pedro.
• Aristolochia, sp. with immense blossoms. Roatan.
• Cereus (2 sp.). Jutiapa, Zacapa, Chixoy.
• Opuntia coccinellifera, Mill. Antigua, Amatitlan.
• Begonia scandens, Sw. Chocon.
• 2 sp. Chocon, 1 at Uspantán.
• Ximenia americana, L. Livingston.
• Loranthaceae. 3 sp. observed. Chocon, Zacapa.
• Sambucus sp. Encuentros, Sololà.
• Rondeletia cordata, Benth. Guatemala City.
• gracilis, Hemsl. Coban.
• Psychotria sp. Rio Chocon.
• Bouvardia sp. Cunen.
• leiantha, Benth. Chimaltenango.
• Exostemma sp. Livingston.
• Ageratum conyzoides, L. Common.
• Stevia sp. Quiché, Cunen.
• Mikania guaca. Chocon.
• Wedelia phyllocephala, Kemel. Chixoy Valley.
• Verbesina gigantea, Jacq. Zacapa.
• Dahlia sp. Quiché, Quezaltenango.
• Tagetes micrantha, Cav. V. de Fuego.
• sp. 2. San Cristobal, Patzùn.
• Lobelia fulgens, Willd. Uplands.
• calcarata, Bertol. V. Santa Maria.
• cordifolia, H&A. Coban.
• Lobeliaceæ (3 sp.).
• Chrysophyllum Cainito, L.
• Sapota Achras, Mill.
• Lucuma mammosa, G.
• multiflora, A. DC. (?) Chocon.
• Jasminum officinale, L. Naturalized.
• Allamanda cathartica, L. Rio Chocon, Rio Polochic.
• Vinca rosea, L.
• Plumeria rubra L. (?) Several members of this family on Rio Chocon.
• Asclepias curassavica, L. Livingston, Uspantán, Antigua.
• Limnanthemum Humboldtianum, Gr. Lagoons, Rio Chocon.
• Datura (Brugmansia) suaveolens, Humb., Bonpl. Izabal.
• Physalis peruviana, L.
• Capsicum frutescens, L.
• annuum, L.
• Crescentia Cujete, L. Jutiapa and dry uplands generally.
• Jacaranda sp. Fine tree, Chocon.
• Bignoniaceae. 3 sp. Chocon forests, 1 sp. Antigua.
• Achimenes coccinea, Pers. Chixoy Valley.
• Martynia sp. Chixoy Valley.
• Jacobinia aurea, Hemsl. Chocon, Quirigua.
• Ipomœa bona-nox, L.
• Batatas, Lam.
• Quamoclit, L.
• Calonyction sp. Eight other convolvulaceæ noticed.
• Cuscuta sp. Zacapa.
• Cordia Sebestina, Jacq. Escuintla.
• Heliotropium curassavicum, L. San José.
• Salvia coccinea, L. Santa Cruz del Quiché. 3 other sp.
• Lantana sp. Esquipulas.
• Avicennia nitida, Jacq. Golfete.
• Pinus cubensis, Griseb.
• macrophylla, Parlat.
• Ayacahuite, Erenb.
• filifolia, Lindl.
• Abies sp.
• Monstera (2 sp.). Livingston, Chocon.
• Aroids of many sp. and several genera.
• Wolfia punctata, Gr. Rio Chocon.
• Typha sp.
• Euterpe oleracea, Mart.
• edulis.
• Oreodoxa oleracea.
• Manicaria Plukenetii, Gr. and Wendl.
• Livingston.
• Desmoncus sp.
• Acrocomia vinifera, Oersted. Izabal, Chixoy Valley.
• Acrocomia sclerocarpa.
• Cocos nucifera, L.
• Attalea cohune, Mart.
• Bactris balanoidea, Wendl. Izabal.
• cohune, Watson. Chocon.
• Twenty-five sp. palms were collected at Chocon, but have not been determined yet.
• Commelyna cayennensis, Rich. San Felipe, 2 sp. Cunen.
• Pontederia sp. pink flowers. Livingston.
• Bambusa (2 sp.). Motagua, Chocon.
• Zea Mays, L.
• Agave americana, L.
• ixtli, Karw.
• Fourcroya gigantea, Vent.
• Pancratium caribæum, L. (?) Cayo Grande, Rio Polochic.
• Crinum sp. Rio Dulce.
• Smilax officinalis. Chocon.
• Ananassa sativa, Lindl. Izabal, Chixoy Valley.
• Bromelia Pinguin, L. Jutiapa.
• Karatas, Lemair. Jutiapa.
• Pita.
• Tillandsia (2 sp.).
• Bromeliaceæ (several sp.). Rio Dulce.
• Heliconia Bihai, L. Pansos, Quirigua.
• sp. Quirigua, Rio Dulce.
• Renealmia sp.
• Zinziber sp.
• Maranta (2 sp.).
• Vanilla planifolia, Andr. Chocon.
• Epidendrum bicornutum, Hook.
• Schomburgkia tubicina, Lindl.
• Oncidium citrinum, Lindl. Los Amates.
• iridifolium. HBK.
• Notylia guatemalensis, Watson.
• Ornithocephalus Pottsiæ, Watson.
• Bletia Pottsii, Watson.
• Salvinia auriculata, Aubl.
• The number of Orchidaceæ in Guatemala is very large.

A LIST OF WORKS RELATING TO CENTRAL AMERICA.

A full bibliography of works that contain information about the region through which we have been travelling together would fill a volume much larger than the present; but the following brief list of some of the more important titles may aid those who are interested in the past history or the future prospects of the tropical part of this continent. I have not thought it worth while to mention those unprinted works not at present accessible to the public, nor the ephemeral publications of simple tourists:—

Acosta, Fr. José de. Historia natural y moral de las Indias. Sevilla, 1590.

Adam, Lucien. Études sur six Langues Américaines, Paris, 1878.

⸺ Du parler des Hommes et du parler des Femmes. Paris, 1879.

Alcedo, Antonio de. Diccionario geografico-histórico de las Indias occidentales ó América; es á saber; de los reynos del Peru, Nueva España, Tierra Firme, Chile y Nuevo Reyno de Granada. Madrid, 1786-89. 5 vols. An English Translation, with Additions, by G. A. Thompson, was published in London, 1812-15. 5 vols.

Ancona, Eligio. Historia de Yucatan. Merida, 1878.