(For Grammatical Notes see p. [77].)
| English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. |
|---|
| Able (capable) | kapabla | kah-pah'blah |
| bad, wicked | malbona | mahl-bo'nah |
| beautiful, handsome | bela | beh'la |
| beloved | amata | ahmah'tah |
| bitter | maldolĉa | mahl-dohl'chah |
| blind | blinda | bleen'dah |
| blunt | malakra | mahl-ah'krah |
| bold | kuraĝema | koorah-jeh'ma |
| brave | brava | brah'vah |
| bright | hela | heh'la |
| broad, wide | larĝa | lar'jah |
| careful | zorgema | zorgeh'ma |
| careless | senzorga | sen-zor'ga |
| certain | certa | tsehr'tah |
| cheap | malkara | mahl-kah'ra |
| clean | pura | poo'rah |
| clear | klara | klah'ra |
| clever | lerta | lehr'tah |
| cold | malvarma | mahl-vahr'ma |
| comfortable | komforta | kohm-fohr'tah |
| corpulent | korpulenta | korpoolehn'tah |
| costly | multekosta | mool'teh-kohs'tah |
| damp | malseka | mahl-seh'ka |
| dangerous | danĝera | dahn-jeh'rah |
| dark | malluma | mahl-loo'ma |
| deaf | surda | soor'dah |
| dear | kara | kah'ra |
| deep | profunda | pro-foon'dah |
| different | malsama | mahl-sah'ma |
| dirty | malpura | mahl-poo'rah |
| disagreeable | malagrabla | mahl-ahgrah'blah |
| dry | seka | seh'ka |
| dull (of weather) | malklara | mahl-klah'rah |
| dusty | polva | pohl'vah |
| early | frua | froo'ah |
| easy | facila | faht-see'lah |
| empty | malplena | mahl-pleh'na |
| every | ĉiu | chee'oo |
| false | malvera | mahl-vehr'ah |
| fashionable | laŭmoda | lahw-mo'dah |
| fat (stout) | dikkorpa | deek-kor'pa |
| few | malmultaj | mahl-mool'tahy |
| fine (excellent) | bonega | boneh'gah |
| — (in quality) | delikata | dehlee-kah'tah |
| fit (for) | taŭga | tahw'gah |
| flat | plata | plah'tah |
| foolish | malsaĝa | mahl-sah'jah |
| fortunate | bonŝanca | bohn-shahnt'sah |
| free | libera | libeh'ra |
| frequent | ofta | off'tah |
| fresh | freŝa | freh'shah |
| front | antaŭa | ahntah'wah |
| full | plena | pleh'nah |
| gay | gaja | gah'yah |
| general, usual | kutima | kootee'ma |
| gentle, polite | ĝentila | jentee'la |
| good | bona | boh'nah |
| grand | grandioza | grahndee-oh'zah |
| great | granda | grahn'dah |
| happy | feliĉa | fehlee'chah |
| hard | malmola | mahl-mo'la |
| heavy | peza | peh'zah |
| high | alta | ahl'tah |
| honest | honesta | honeh'stah |
| hot | varmega | vahrmeh'ga |
| hungry | malsata | mahl-sah'tah |
| ill (unwell) | malsana | mahl-sah'nah |
| important | grava | grah'va |
| interesting | interesa | inteh-reh'sah |
| just | justa | yoos'tah |
| kind | bonkora | bohn-ko'ra |
| lame | lama | lah'ma |
| large, vast | larĝa | lahr'jah |
| last | lasta | lah'stah |
| late | malfrua | mahl-froo'ah |
| light | luma | loo'ma |
| little, small | malgranda | mahl-grahn'dah |
| long | longa | lohn'gah |
| loose | ne fiksita | neh fiksee'tah |
| low (in place) | malalta | mahl-ahl'tah |
| many | multaj | mool'tahy |
| mild | milda | meel'dah |
| muddy | kota | ko'tah |
| narrow | mallarĝa | mahl-lahr'jah |
| natural | natura | nahtoor'ah |
| new | nova | no'vah |
| nice, tasty | bongusta | bohn-goo'stah |
| old (not new) | malnova | mahl-no'vah |
| open | malfermita | mahl-fehrmee'tah |
| patient | pacienca | paht-see-ent'sah |
| pleasant | agrabla | ahgrah'blah |
| poor (not rich) | malriĉa | mahl-ree'chah |
| poor (to be pitied) | kompatinda | kompah-teen'dah |
| possible | ebla | eh'blah |
| pretty | beleta | beh-leh'tah |
| private | privata | pree-vah'tah |
| probable | probabla | probah'blah |
| proud | fiera | fee-eh'rah |
| public | publika | pooblee'ka |
| pure, clean | pura | poo'rah |
| quick, swift | rapida | rahpee'dah |
| quiet | kvieta | kvee-eh'tah |
| rich | riĉa | ree'chah |
| right | prava | prah-vah |
| — (correct) | ĝusta | joo'stah |
| ripe | matura | mahtoo'rah |
| rough (not smooth) | malglata | mahl-glah'tah |
| round | ronda | rohn'dah |
| rude | malĝentila | mahl-jenteela |
| sacred, holy | sankta | sahnk'tah |
| sad | malĝoja | mahl-joya |
| safe, secure | sekura | seh-koo'rah |
| sharp | akra | ah'krah |
| short | mallonga | mahl-lohn'ga |
| silent | silenta | seelehn'tah |
| simple | simpla | seem'plah |
| slow | malrapida | mahl-rahpee'dah |
| smooth | glata | glah'tah |
| soft | mola | mo'lah |
| sound, reliable | fidinda | feedeen'dah |
| sour | acideca | ahtsee-deht'sah |
| square | kvadrata | kvah-drah'tah |
| straight | rekta | rehk'tah |
| strange (curious) | stranga | strahn'gah |
| strong | forta | fohr'tah |
| stupid, dull | stulta | stool'tah |
| sufficient | sufiĉa | soofee'chah |
| sweet | dolĉa | dohl'chah |
| tall | altkreska | ahlt-krehs'kah |
| tender (loving) | amplena | ahm-pleh'nah |
| thick | dika | dee'kah |
| thin | maldika | mahl-dee'ka |
| thirsty | soifanta | so-eefahn'tah |
| tough | koherema | ko-hehreh'mah |
| true | vera | veh'rah |
| ugly | malbela | mahl-beh'la |
| unsettled (weather) | necerta | neht-sehr'tah |
| useful | utila | ootee'la |
| usual | kutima | kootee'ma |
| valuable | multvalora | mooltvahlo'ra |
| various | diversa | deevehr'sah |
| warm | varma | vahr'ma |
| weak | malforta | mahl-fohr'ta |
| wet | malseka | mahl-seh'kah |
| whole | tuta | too'tah |
| willing | volonta | volohn'tah |
| wise | saĝa | sah'jah |
| wrong | malprava | mahl-prah'vah |
| young | juna | yoo'nah |
36. Verbs.
(For Grammatical Notes see p. [81].)
| English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. |
|---|
| To accept | akcepti | ahk-tsehp'tee |
| " admire | admiri | ahdmeer'ee |
| " answer, reply | respondi | rehspohn'dee |
| " approve | aprobi | ahpro'bee |
| " arrive | alveni | ahl-veh'nee |
| " ascend | supreniri | soo'preh-neer'ee |
| " ask | demandi | dehman'dee |
| " attract, draw | altiri | ahl-teer'ee |
| " awake, intr. | vekiĝi | vehkee'jee |
| " be | esti | eh'stee |
| " be hungry | malsati | mahl-sah'tee |
| " be ignorant of | nescii | nehst-see'ee |
| " be mistaken | trompiĝi | trohmpee'jee |
| " be quiet, silent | silenti | seelehn'tee |
| " be thirsty | soifi | so-ee'fee |
| " beat | bati | bah'tee |
| " begin, tr. | komenci | kohment'see |
| " believe | kredi | kreh'dee |
| " blame | mallaŭdi | mahl-lahw'dee |
| " boil, intr.; —, tr. | boli; boligi | bo'lee; bo-lee'ghee |
| " borrow | pruntepreni | proon'teh-preh'nee |
| " bring | alporti | ahl-por'tee |
| " build | konstrui | konstroo'ee |
| " button | butonumi | bootonoo'mee |
| " buy | aĉeti | ahcheh'tee |
| " carry | porti | pohr'tee |
| " catch cold | malvarmumi | mahl-vahrmoo'mee |
| " chat | babili | bahbee'lee |
| " climb | grimpi | grim'pee |
| " compare | kompari | kohmpah'ree |
| " consent | konsenti | konsehn'tee |
| " continue, intr. | daŭri | dahw'ree |
| " cook | kuiri | koo-ee'ree |
| " cough | tusi | too'see |
| " cover | kovri | ko'vree |
| " dance | danci | dahnt'see |
| " decide | decidi | deht-see'dee |
| " deny | nei | neh'ee |
| " depart, go away | foriri | for-eer'ee |
| " descend | malsupreniri | mahl-sooprehn-eer'ee |
| " desire, wish (for) | deziri | deh-zeer'ee |
| " dine | ĉefmanĝi | chehf-mahn'jee |
| " do, make | fari | fah'ree |
| " doubt | dubi | doo'bee |
| " draw, pull | tiri | teer'ee |
| " dream | sonĝi | sohn'jee |
| " drink | trinki | trin'kee |
| " dress | vesti | veh'stee |
| " dwell, live | loĝi | lo'jee |
| " eat | manĝi | mahn'jee |
| " exchange | interŝanĝi | intehr-shahn'jee |
| " excuse | ekskuzi | ekskoo'zee |
| " explain | komprenigi | kompreh-nee'ghee |
| " fall | fali | fah'lee |
| " feel (by touch) | palpi | pahl'pee |
| " feel (in mind) | senti | sehn'tee |
| " find | trovi | tro'vee |
| " finish, tr. | fini | fee'nee |
| " follow | sekvi | sehk'vee |
| " forget | forgesi | fohr-gheh'see |
| " gather | kolekti | ko-lehk'tee |
| " get | akiri | ahkee'ree |
| " get up | leviĝi | lehvee'jee |
| " give | doni | doh'nee |
| " go | iri | eer'ee |
| " go in | eniri | ehneer'ee |
| " go out | eliri | ehleer'ee |
| " grow | kreski | kreh'skee |
| " guide | gvidi | gvee'dee |
| " hate | malami | mahlah'mee |
| " have | havi | hah'vee |
| " hear | aŭdi | ahw'dee |
| " hesitate | heziti | heh-zee'tee |
| " hide | kaŝi | kah'shee |
| " hope | esperi | espehr'ee |
| " imagine | imagi | imah'ghee |
| " ignore | ignori | ignoh'ree |
| " intend | intenci | intehnt'see |
| " introduce (one) | prezenti | prehzehn'tee |
| — (a thing) | enkonduki | ehnkon-doo'kee |
| " joke | ŝerci | shehrt'see |
| " jump | salti | sahl'tee |
| " know | scii | stsee'ee |
| " laugh | ridi | ree'dee |
| " learn | lerni | lehr'nee |
| " lend | pruntedoni | proon'teh-doh'nee |
| " lie down | kuŝiĝi | koo-shee'jee |
| " live (be alive) | vivi | vee'vee |
| " look for | serĉi | sehr'chee |
| " lose | perdi | pehr'dee |
| " love | ami | ah'mee |
| " marry, intr. (of a man) | edziĝi | ehdzee'-jee |
| — (of a woman) | edziniĝi | ehdzee-nee'jee |
| " meet | renkonti | rehn-kon'tee |
| " mention | aludi | ahloo'dee |
| " need, want | bezoni | behzoh'nee |
| " object | oponi | opoh'nee |
| " obtain | obteni | obteh'nee |
| " offend | ofendi | ofehn'dee |
| " offer | proponi | pro-po'nee |
| " open | malfermi | mahl-fehr'mee |
| " order (goods) | mendi | mehn'dee |
| " order, command | ordoni | ohrdoh'nee |
| " pack up | paki | pah'kee |
| " paint | pentri | pehn'tree |
| " pay; repay | pagi; repagi | pah'ghee; reh-pah'ghee |
| " plant | planti | plahn'tee |
| " play | ludi | loo'dee |
| " plough | plugi | ploo'ghee |
| " pluck, pick | deŝiri | deh-sheer'ee |
| " praise | laŭdi | lahw'dee |
| " prove | pruvi | proo'vee |
| " read | legi | leh'ghee |
| " reap | rikolti | reekohl'tee |
| " reckon, count | kalkuli | kahl-koo'lee |
| " receive | ricevi | reetseh'vee |
| " refuse | rifuzi | ree-foo'zee |
| " regret | bedaŭri | behdahw'ree |
| " remember | memori | meh-mohr'ee |
| " repeat | ripeti | reepeh'tee |
| " rest | ripozi | reepo'zee |
| " return, come back | reveni | rehveh'nee |
| — (go back) | reiri | reh-eer'ee |
| — (give back) | redoni | reh-doh'nee |
| " ring, tr. | sonorigi | so-no-ree'ghee |
| " roast | rosti | roh'stee |
| " run | kuri | koor'ee |
| " say, tell | diri | dee'ree |
| " search for | serĉi | sehr'chee |
| " see | vidi | vee'dee |
| " sell | vendi | vehn'dee |
| " serve | servi | sehr'vee |
| " sew, stitch | kudri | koo'dree |
| " shave | razi | rah'zee |
| " shine | brili | bree'lee |
| " show | montri | mohn'tree |
| " sign (letter, etc.) | subskribi | soob-skree'bee |
| " sit down | sidiĝi | seedee'jee |
| " sleep | dormi | dohr'mee |
| " sneeze | terni | tehr'nee |
| " sow (seed) | semi | seh'mee |
| " speak | paroli | pahro'lee |
| " spoil, tr. | difekti | deefehk'tee |
| " steal | ŝteli | shteh'lee |
| " study | studi | stoo'dee |
| " swear | ĵuri | zhoor'ee |
| " take | preni | preh'nee |
| " take off | depreni | deh-preh'nee |
| " take a walk | promeni | pro-meh'nee |
| " taste, tr. | gustumi | goostoo'mee |
| " tell (a tale) | rakonti | rahkon'tee |
| " thank | danki | dahn'kee |
| " think | pensi | pehn'see |
| " throw | ĵeti | zheh'tee |
| " touch | tuŝi | too'shee |
| " translate | traduki | trahdoo'kee |
| " travel | vojaĝi | vo-yah'jee |
| " unbutton | malbutonumi | mahl-bootohnoo'mee |
| " unpack | malpaki | mahl-pah'kee |
| " wash | lavi | lah'vee |
| " weep | plori | plo'ree |
| " weigh, tr.; —, int. | pesi; pezi | peh'see; peh'zee |
| " will, be willing | voli | vo'lee |
| " work | labori | lah-boh'ree |
| " wrap up | envolvi | ehn-vol'vee |
| " write | skribi | skree'bee |
| " yield, give way | cedi | tseh'dee |
37. Adverbs, Conjunctions & Prepositions.
(Adverboj, Konjunkcioj kaj Prepozicioj.)
(For Grammatical Notes see p. [77].)
| English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. |
|---|
| About (nearly) | proksimume | prokseemoo'meh |
| about (concerning) | pri | pree |
| above | super | soo'pehr |
| above all | antaŭ ĉio | ahn'tahw chee'oh |
| absolutely | absolute | ahbsoloo'teh |
| according to | laŭ | lah'w |
| across | trans | trahnss |
| afresh | denove | dehno'veh |
| after, next to | post | pohst |
| afterwards | poste | pohss'teh |
| again | ree | reh'eh |
| against | kontraŭ | kohn'trahw |
| all (of) | ĉiom (da) | chee'ohm (dah) |
| all at once, suddenly | subite | soobee'teh |
| almost | preskaŭ | preh'skahw |
| alone, solely | sole | so'leh |
| aloud | laŭte | lahw'teh |
| already | jam | yahm |
| also, too, besides | ankaŭ | ahn'kahw |
| although | kvankam | kvahn'kahm |
| altogether, quite | tute | too'teh |
| always | ĉiam | chee'ahm |
| and | kaj | kah'y |
| anywhere | kie ajn | kee'eh ah'yn |
| around, round about | ĉirkaŭ | cheer'kahw |
| as…as | tiel…kiel… | tee'ehl…kee'ehl… |
| as much, as many | tiom | tee'ohm |
| as much as | tiom kiom | tee'ohm kee'ohm |
| as soon as, immediately | tuj kiam | too'y kee'ahm |
| at | ĉe | cheh |
| at first | unue | oonoo'eh |
| at last | fine | fee'neh |
| at least | almenaŭ | ahl-meh'nahw |
| at [the] most | pleje | pleh'yeh |
| at once | tuj | tooy' |
| at present | nune | noo'neh |
| badly | malbone | mahlbo'neh |
| because | ĉar | chahr |
| before | antaŭ | ahn'tahw |
| behind | post | pohst |
| below, under, beneath | sub | soob |
| besides, beyond | krom | krohm |
| better | pli bone | plee bo'neh |
| between, among(st) | inter | een'tehr |
| beyond | preter | preh'tehr |
| briefly, shortly | mallonge | mahl-lohn'geh |
| but | sed | sehd |
| by the side of | apud, flanke de | ah'pood, flahn'keh deh |
| by turns | laŭvice | lahw-veet'seh |
| close to | apud | ah'pood |
| consequently | sekve | sehk'veh |
| daily | ĉiutage | chee-ootah'gheh |
| doubtless | sendube | sehndoo'beh |
| down (direction) | malsupren | mahlsoo'prehn |
| down (position) | malsupre | mahlsoo'preh |
| during | dum | doom |
| early, betimes | frue | froo'eh |
| either…or | aŭ…aŭ | ahw…ahw |
| elsewhere | aliloke | ahleelo'keh |
| enough (of) | sufiĉe (da) | soofee'cheh (dah) |
| even if | eĉ se | ehch seh |
| everywhere | ĉie | chee'eh |
| exactly | precize | preht-see'zeh |
| exceedingly | treege | treh-eh'geh |
| except, prep. | escepte | est-sehp'teh |
| far, distant | malproksime | mahl-proksee'meh |
| for, conj. | ĉar | chahr |
| for, prep. | por | pohr |
| formerly | antaŭe | ahntah'weh |
| from | de | deh |
| full of | plena de | pleh'nah deh |
| fully | plene | pleh'neh |
| hardly | apenaŭ | ahpeh'nahw |
| here | ĉi tie, tie ĉi | chee tee'eh, tee'eh chee |
| herewith | ĉi-kune | chee-koo'neh |
| how, like | kiel | kee'ehl |
| how much? | kiom? | kee'ohm? |
| however | tamen | tah'mehn |
| immediately | tuj | too'y |
| in | en | ehn |
| in every way | ĉiel | chee'ehl |
| in front, before | antaŭe | ahntah'weh |
| in future | en la estonteco | ehn lah estohn-teht'so |
| in spite of | malgraŭ | mahl'grahw |
| in the midst of | meze de | meh'zeh deh |
| indeed | vere | veh'reh |
| inside | interne de, en | intehr'neh deh, ehn |
| instead of | anstataŭ | ahnstaht'ahw |
| late | malfrue | mahl-froo'eh |
| less | malpli | mahl'plee |
| little (of) | malmulte (da) | mahl-mool'teh (dah) |
| little by little | iom post iom | ee'ohm pohst ee'ohm |
| more | pli | plee |
| more or less | pli malpli | plee mahl'plee |
| the more…the more | ju pli…des pli | yoo plee…dehs plee |
| much, very | tre | treh |
| mutually | reciproke | reht'see-pro'keh |
| near; — to | proksime; — de | prohksee'meh; — deh |
| neither…nor | nek…nek | nehk…nehk |
| never | neniam | neh-nee'ahm |
| nevertheless | tamen | tah'mehn |
| not | ne | neh |
| not at all | tute ne | too'teh neh |
| notwithstanding | malgraŭ (tio) | mahl'grahw (tee'oh) |
| not yet | ankoraŭ ne | ahnkoh'rahw neh |
| now | nun | noon |
| nowadays | nuntempe, hodiaŭ | noon-tehm'peh, hoh-dee'ahw |
| nowhere | nenie | neh-nee'eh |
| of | de; da (after numerals) | deh; dah |
| of course | kompreneble | kompreh-neh'bleh |
| often | ofte | off'teh |
| on, upon | sur | soor |
| on account of | pro | pro |
| on no account | nenial | neh-nee'ahl |
| on the contrary | kontraŭe | kontrah'weh |
| on the left | maldekstre | mahl-dek'streh |
| on the right | dekstre | dehk'streh |
| only | nur | noor |
| opposite | kontraŭe | kontrah'weh |
| or | aŭ | ahw |
| otherwise | alie | ahlee'eh |
| outside, out of | ekster | eks'tehr |
| over | super | soo'pehr |
| perhaps | eble | eh'bleh |
| presently, soon | baldaŭ | bahl'dahw |
| previously | antaŭe | ahntah'weh |
| purposely | intence | intehnt'seh |
| quickly | rapide | rahpee'deh |
| rather, preferably | prefere | prehfeh'reh |
| rather, somewhat | iom | ee'ohm |
| save, excepting | escepte | ehst-sehp'teh |
| scarcely | apenaŭ | ahpeh'nahw |
| seldom, rarely | malofte | mahl-off'teh |
| since, prep. | de | deh |
| —, conj. | ĉar | chahr |
| — (the time when) | de l' tempo kiam | dehl tehm'po kee'ahm |
| so, thus | tiel | tee'ehl |
| so much | tiom | tee'ohm |
| somehow | iel | ee'ehl |
| something | io | ee'oh |
| sometimes | kelkafoje | kehl'kah-fo'yeh |
| soon | baldaŭ | bahl'dahw |
| suddenly | subite | soo-bee'teh |
| that, conj. | ke | keh |
| that is | tio estas (abbr., t.e.) | tee'oh es'tahss |
| then | tiam | tee'ahm |
| then, conj. | do | doh |
| thence | de tie | deh tee'eh |
| there | tie | tee'eh |
| through | tra | trah |
| through (by means of) | per | pehr |
| till, until | ĝis | jeess |
| to | al | ahl |
| together | kune | koo'neh |
| too much, too | tro | tro |
| towards | al, en la direkto de | ahl, ehn lah deerehk'toh deh |
| unexpectedly | neatendite | neh-ahtehndee'teh |
| unless | se…ne | seh…neh |
| until | ĝis | jeess |
| up, upwards | supren | soo'prehn |
| up above | supre | soo'preh |
| weekly | ĉiusemajne | chee'oo-sehmah'y-neh |
| well | bone | bo'neh |
| when | kiam | kee'ahm |
| whence? | de kie? | deh kee'eh? |
| where? | kie? | kee'eh? |
| wherever | kie ajn | kee'eh ahyn' |
| whether, if | ĉu | choo |
| while, whilst | dum | doom |
| why? | kial? | kee'ehl? |
| willingly | volonte | volohn'teh |
| wisely | saĝe | sah'jeh |
| with | kun | koon |
| within | interne | intehr'neh |
| without | sen | sehn |
| yearly | ĉiujare | chee'oo-yah'reh |
| yet, as yet | ankoraŭ | ahnkoh'rahw |
ELEMENTARY GRAMMAR.