After verbs expressing wish, intention, will, or desire, or command, the verb following is put in the Imperative Mood. Thus: mi ordonas, ke li venu, I order that he come (him to come); mi tre deziris, ke li vivu, I very much wanted him to live; ili intencis, ke ni perdu, they intended us to lose. Here the actual expressions used were: li venu, li vivu, ili perdu.
Use of Conditional after Se.
- Se vi tiel diris, vi malprave faris, if you spoke thus you did wrongly.
- Se vi tiel dirus, vi estus malprava, if you said (were to say) thus, you would be wrong.
- Se vi venos, vi vidos, if you (will) come, you will see.
Interjections.
The following are the principal Interjections:
| adiaŭ! | adieu! farewell! |
| ah! | ah! |
| antaŭen! | forward! |
| atentu! | look out! |
| bis! | encore! |
| bone! | good! |
| certe! | certainly! |
| ĉu ne? or ĉu ne vere? | is not that so? |
| ĉu vere? | is that so? |
| efektive! | indeed! |
| fi! | fie! |
| for! | away! be off! |
| ha! | ha! |
| halt! | halt! |
| he! | hey! halloo! |
| ho! | oh! |
| ho ve! | alas! |
| hontinde! | shameful! |
| jen! | there! |
| kompreneble! | naturally! of course! |
| ne! | no! |
| neeble! | impossible! |
| nu! | well! |
| rapide! | quick! |
| rapidu! | hurry up! |
Formation of Words.
In Esperanto, considerable use is made of prefixes and suffixes, every one of which has a clear, fixed meaning. Great economy of vocabulary is thus effected, one root-word in Esperanto sufficing, when modified by suitable affixes, to translate many English words. Many of the affixes are often met with as single words. In such cases the English translation is added after the various examples of the affix in question.
Prefixes.
bo- denotes Relationship by Marriage: patro, father, bopatro, father-in-law; filo, son, bofilo, son-in-law.