-id denotes a Descendant, Offspring, Young of: bovo, ox, bovido, calf; ŝafo, a sheep, ŝafido, lamb; Izraelido, Israelite; la homidoj, the sons of man; Sro. Brown kaj la Brownidoj, Mr. Brown and the little Browns.—Ido, a descendant, child; idaro, descendants, offspring.
-et denotes Diminution of Degree (compare [-eg] above): bela, beautiful, beleta, pretty; venteto, breeze; ridi, to laugh, rideti, to smile; bona, good, boneta, fairly good, mediocre.—Eta, tiny.
-ig denotes a Making, Rendering, Causing to Be: granda, great, grandigi, to enlarge; venigi kuraciston, to send for (cause to come) a doctor; halti, to stop (intr.), haltigi, to stop (tr.); tranĉigi al si la harojn, to get one's hair cut.—Igi, to make, render.
-iĝ denotes a Becoming, Getting, Growing, Being made: hela, bright, heliĝi, to grow or become bright; ruĝa, red, ruĝiĝi, to redden, blush; disiĝi, to separate (intr.).—Iĝi, to become.
With transitive verbs iĝ- is used to make intransitive verbs, thus: renversi, to overthrow, turn upside down, renversiĝi, to turn (intr.) upside down, to get overthrown; fari, to make, fariĝi, to become; perdiĝi, to get lost; vidiĝi, to be seen.
Used with intransitive verbs, iĝ- gives the idea of a becoming, a Gradual Transition from one state to another: morti, to die, mortiĝi, to become dead, to die away, to expire; sidi, to be seated, sidiĝi, to become seated, to sit down.
Note that, since verbs in -iĝ are of necessity intransitive, their participles should only be used in the active form. Thus: renversiĝinta, having become overthrown, and not renversiĝita; perdiĝinta, having become lost, not perdiĝita; and so on. One might of course simply say renversita, overthrown, and perdita, lost, though the meaning would in that case not be quite the same.
-il denotes an Instrument, Tool, or Means: tranĉi, to cut, tranĉilo, a knife; filtri, to filter, filtrilo, a filter; teni, to hold, tenilo, a handle.—Ilo, tool, instrument; ilaro, set of tools.
-ind denotes Worthiness (English -WORTHY): laŭdi, to praise, laŭdinda, praiseworthy; vidinda, worth seeing, vidindaĵoj, things worth seeing, sights.—Inda (je), worthy (of); indeco, worthiness.
-ing denotes the Holder of a Single Object (compare [-uj] below): plumo, pen, plumingo, penholder; fingro, finger, fingringo, thimble; cigaringo, cigar-holder.—Ingo, a socket, holder.