[8] πᾱσα οὐσία δοκεῑ τόδε τι σημαίνειν (Ar. Cat. 5).

[9] Hence the disparaging sense in which the term 'individual' may be used.

[10] These latter terms being used in a metaphorical sense.

[11] νόμῳ γλυκὺ καὶ νόμῳ πικρόν ἐτεῇ δὲ ἃτομα καὶ κενόν. Democritus ap. Sext. Empir. adv. Math. vii. 135.

[12] Aristotle's μᾱλλον καὶ ἦττον: see Metaph. i. 6 τὺ μέγα κaὶ τὸ μικρον.

[13] Thus, the sharp break at death suggests the reference of vital phenomena to a substantial soul.


CHAPTER XXXI.

THE LOGIC OF EXPLANATION AND REALISTIC METAPHYSICS: ESSENCE.