4. We may now place before the reader our Classification of the Sciences. I have added to the list of Sciences, a few not belonging to our present subject, that the nature of the transition by which we are to extend our philosophy into a wider and higher region may be in some measure perceived. 139
The Classification of the Sciences is given over leaf.
A few remarks upon it offer themselves.
The Pure Mathematical Sciences can hardly be called Inductive Sciences. Their principles are not obtained by Induction from Facts, but are necessarily assumed in reasoning upon the subject matter which those sciences involve.
The Astronomy of the Ancients aimed only at explaining the motions of the heavenly bodies, as a mechanism. Modern Astronomy, explains these motions on the principles of Mechanics.
The term Physics, when confined to a peculiar class of Sciences, is usually understood to exclude the Mechanical Sciences on the one side, and Chemistry on the other; and thus embraces the Secondary Mechanical and Analytico-Mechanical Sciences. But the adjective Physical applied to any science and opposed to Formal, as in Astronomy and Optics, implies those speculations in which we consider not only the Laws of Phenomena but their Causes; and generally, as in those cases, their Mechanical Causes.
The term Metaphysics is applied to subjects in which the Facts examined are emotions, thoughts and mental conditions; subjects not included in our present survey. 140
| Fundamental Ideas or Conceptions. | Sciences. | Classification. | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Space | Geometry | ⎫ | |
| Time | ⎪ | Pure Mathematical | |
| Number | Arithmetic | ⎬ | |
| Sign | Algebra | ⎪ | Sciences. |
| Limit | Differentials | ⎭ | |
| Motion | Pure Mechanism | ⎱ | Pure Motional |
| Formal Astronomy | ⎰ | Sciences. | |
| Cause | |||
| Force | Statics | ⎫ | |
| Matter | Dynamics | ⎪ | Mechanical |
| Inertia | Hydrostatics | ⎬ | |
| Fluid Pressure | Hydrodynamics | ⎪ | Sciences. |
| Physical Astronomy | ⎭ | ||
| Outness | |||
| Medium of Sensation | Acoustics | ⎫ | |
| Intensity of Qualities | Formal Optics | ⎪ | Secondary |
| Scales of Qualities | Physical Optics | ⎬ | Mechanical |
| Thermotics | ⎪ | Sciences. | |
| Atmology | ⎭ | (Physics.) | |
| Polarity | Electricity | ⎫ | Analytico-Mecha- |
| Magnetism | ⎬ | nical Sciences. | |
| Galvanism | ⎭ | (Physics.) | |
| Element (Composition) | |||
| Chemical Affinity | |||
| Substance (Atoms) | Chemistry | Analytical Science. | |
| Symmetry | Crystallography | ⎱ | Analytico-Classifi- |
| Likeness | Systematic Mineralogy | ⎰ | catory Sciences. |
| Degrees of Likeness | Systematic Botany | ⎫ | Classificatory |
| Systematic Zoology | ⎬ | ||
| Natural Affinity | Comparative Anatomy | ⎭ | Sciences. |
| (Vital Powers) | |||
| Assimilation | |||
| Irritability | |||
| (Organization) | Biology | Organical Sciences. | |
| Final Cause | |||
| Instinct | |||
| Emotion | Psychology | (Metaphysics.) | |
| Thought | |||
| Historical Causation | Geology | ⎫ | |
| Distribution of | ⎪ | Palætiological | |
| Plants and Animals | ⎬ | ||
| Glossology | ⎪ | Sciences. | |
| Ethnography | ⎭ | ||
| First Cause | Natural Theology. | ||
INDUCTIVE CHARTS