Cartier, Jacques, in the Gulf, [16], [46]; compared with modern hydrographers, [47], [177]; his ship, [48-9].

Champlain, Samuel de, [30]; first to advocate the Panama Canal, [54]; his record voyage, [55], [101-2], [177].

Chanties, the seaman's working songs, [110-13], [128].

'Charlotte Dundas,' pioneer steamer, [130].

'Clermont,' an early steamer, [130].

Clippers, a race with, from China to London, [102-3].

Colbert, Jean Baptiste, the great French minister, [57], [59], [60].

Conquest, importance of the Navy in the, [13].

Cook, Captain, British navigator, [14]; makes a survey of the St Lawrence and Gulf, [177-8].

Coureurs de bois, the, [32].