[492] The effect of periods of depression, such as 1903 and 1908, upon the proportion of low-grade tonnage is a moot point.

[493] U. S. Statistics of Railways, 1910, p. 64.

[494] Mileage of roads represented on June 30, 1910—130,395.46 miles.

[495] Cf. Ripley Railway Problems, p. 509. Cf. also p. [103], supra.

[496] Senate (Elkins) Committee, Digest, App. III, p. 63, brings out the high proportion of local business in the South. On the L. &. N. 80 per cent. is thus classed.

[497] Mass. Commission on Commerce and Industry, 1908, p. 117.

[498] McCain, in Senate Finance Committee Report on Prices, 1893.

[499] I.C.C., Annual Rep., 1903, p. 150.

[500] Emphasized in the case of wool rates. 23 I.C.C. Rep., 151.

[501] Samuel O. Dunn, The American Transportation Question, p. 65.