for dry sand is used.
The method of evaluating the thrust, given in [Fig. 11], is as valid when
, or cohesion is neglected, as in the ordinary theory. The lines parallel to the thrust are now drawn directly from 1, 2, ..., to the intersection with
,
, ..., and the greatest one is taken for the true thrust. Although the writer expressly disclaims any great accuracy in the values of
in [Table 4], on account of the small scale of the drawings, nevertheless, the results by the construction for