Fig. 14.
In the discussion of the paper[Footnote 10] ] by J. C. Meem, M. Am. Soc. C. E., E. G. Haines, M. Am. Soc. C. E., states that where breaks occur in the sides of an unsupported trench, the solid of rupture often approximates to a quarter sphere, surmounted by a half-cylinder of the same height, the radii of the sphere and cylinder being equal. In [Fig. 14], let
represent the quarter-sphere,
the half-cylinder, and
the face of the trench. According to the observations of Mr. Haines, when the part,
, of the side of the trench is supported by sheeting and bracing, it sometimes happens that a part of the quarter-sphere,