Questions.
  1. Show how the transparent color of a paramecium, the green color of a cabbage worm, or the green color of a certain species of hydra may result in protecting an animal from its enemies. Mention as many other examples as you can.
  2. What is gained by the ability of a squid to change its color? How is this change brought about?
  3. Explain the protective coloration of the following: Dead-leaf butterfly, walking stick, geometrid larva. Hunt up other examples.
  4. Explain the protective coloration in the following: Hover flies, clear-winged moths, viceroy butterflies.
  5. Make a list of several invertebrates that are protected by their bright color. Explain the reason for the bright color.
  6. How may the difference between the color of the upper and lower surfaces of animals be explained on the basis of use to the animal?
  7. (Optional) Find out some other uses of color to an animal aside from protection.

Summary.
  1. Name four uses of color.
  2. Name four ways an animal is protected by being like its background.
  3. Name one way it is protected by being unlike its background.
  4. What disadvantages in this method of protection?

C. Animal Associations

To show Another Method of Protection from Enemies

Materials.

Specimens, charts, etc., illustrating animal associations.

Definitions.