The common organs of the fibro-cartilages are not very conspicuous; the cellular texture is in small quantity, and so compact as hardly to be distinguished; maceration however renders it apparent.
But little blood enters their vascular system in the ordinary state; I convinced myself of this by dissecting an animal killed for the purpose by asphyxia, a disease in which the blood accumulating in the capillaries intermediate to the arteries and the veins, towards the head especially, renders these capillaries very evident; but in inflammation, which is however rare in the fibro-cartilages, they are very much injected. We can trace no nerves in them.
ARTICLE THIRD.
PROPERTIES OF THE FIBRO-CARTILAGINOUS SYSTEM.
I. Physical Properties.
Elasticity belongs essentially to this system. This property is very evident, 1st, in the fibro-cartilages of the ears, when we bend them; 2d, in those of the nose, when twisted in various directions; 3d, in those of the trachea, when we compress them, or after having cut them longitudinally, we separate the edges of the division, as is done in tracheotomy, when the object is the extraction of a foreign body. It performs an important use in the kind of vibration which is made in the first in the perception of sounds, in the second in the production of the voice; 4th, it is in virtue of their elasticity, that the articular fibro-cartilages serve as a kind of cushions which favour, by contracting and expanding, the motion of the osseous surfaces to which they correspond; 5th, that those of the vertebræ in particular, flattened during the day, re-act during rest, and thus make the stature in the morning something more than it is in the evening; 6th, finally in the sliding of the tendons upon their fibro-cartilages, the elasticity of these last favours the motion in an evident manner.
This elasticity of the fibro-cartilages is united to a remarkable suppleness; they bend in all directions without breaking. By the first property they resemble especially the cartilaginous system; by the second they approximate the fibrous. It is not astonishing that being intermediate to these two systems in their texture, they should be so also in their properties.
II. Properties of Texture.
Extensibility is very often brought into action in the fibro-cartilaginous system. I have seen a polypus that had so dilated the anterior openings and consequently the fibro-cartilages of the nostrils, that their diameter was at least treble. The external and cartilaginous extremity of the meatus auditorius often exhibits from the same cause, an analogous distension. In the various twistings of the vertebral column, the portion of the fibro-cartilages corresponding to the convexity of the curvatures, is evidently elongated, whilst the opposite portion is contracted. This extensibility is moreover subjected in many cases to the same law as in the fibrous system, that is to say that it cannot be put into action but in a gradual and insensible manner.
The contractility of texture is observed when, in the cases of which I have spoken, the cause of distension disappears. Thus after the extraction of the polypus mentioned, the nostril gradually resumes its natural diameter. I have removed in a dog a tendon from its groove, by cutting it at one extremity, and drawing it by the other, so as to leave untouched and empty the sheath that contained it; this sheath and the fibro-cartilage have gradually contracted and the cavity has disappeared. In the carcinoma of the eye, in which the eye-lids were not removed, the tarsi which become much elongated with these moveable veils, gradually contract and resume their dimensions, after the extirpation of the tumour which distended them. It is necessary however to distinguish these phenomena from those which are the product of elasticity; these last are prompt and sudden; the fibro-cartilage of the ear, powerfully stretched, yields a little, and immediately goes back again; the others, on the contrary, are characterized most often by a remarkable slowness.