[21] Groos, Die Spiele der Menschen, pp. 508, 509.
[22] Spencer, Principles of Sociology, vol. iii. pp. 201-231.
[23] This view, viz. that the æsthetic cravings are a “racial” possession of mankind, has been clearly and consistently maintained by Marshall, cf. Æsthetic Principles, p. 70; Pain, Pleasure and Æsthetics, pp. 100, 101.
[24] Vischer, Ästhetik, vol. i. p. 53; vol. iii. pp. 3-10.
[25] Taine, Philosophie de l’art, pp. 57-70.
[26] Engel, Ideen zu einer Mimik, i. p. 97.
[27] Cf. as to the significance of this process, and its connection with the imitative process, Baldwin, Mental Development, p. 264.
[28] Marshall, Æsthetic Principles, p. 62; cf. Pain, Pleasure, and Æsthetics, p. 104.
[29] Cf. chapters xiv.-xvi. in the sequel.
[30] Cf. Marshall, Pain, Pleasure, and Æsthetics, p. 104. (“Nor can we with Kant and Schiller hold that the ‘art-impulse’ is especially connected with the ‘play-impulse’ through lack of end, if I am right that an end for art-work is discernible in attraction through the pleasing of others.”)