[61] A treatment in detail of this point has been given in my Förstudier till en konstfilosofi, pp. 57-59.
[62] Lehmann, Hauptgesetze, pp. 308, 309.
[63] Spencer, Essays, ii. p. 457.
[64] Cf. James, Principles of Psychology, ii. p. 466; Darwin, The Expression of the Emotions, p. 76.
[65] Spencer, l.c. ii. pp. 456, 457.
[66] For the convenience of treatment we here restrict our attention to those emotional processes the initial stages of which are accompanied by changes of activity in the voluntary muscles.
[67] These linguistic facts might have afforded Professor Mantegazza a further argument in favour of his physiognomical thesis that the expression of injured self-esteem is similar to that of gustatory pain. Cf. Mantegazza, Physiognomy and Expression, p. 130.
[68] James, Principles of Psychology, ii. p. 463: “Sit all day in a moping posture, sigh, and reply to everything in a dismal voice, and your melancholy lingers.”
[69] Spencer, Principles of Psychology, ii. pp. 590, 591. Cf. also with regard to the enjoyment which can by reflection be derived from sorrow, fear, and other pain-emotions, Paulhan, Les phénomènes affectifs, pp. 119, 120; Hamilton, Lectures, ii. pp. 481-484; Bouillier, Du plaisir et de la douleur, pp. 62-72.
[70] Spencer, l.c. ii. pp. 623-626.