[394] Cf. Spencer, Principles of Sociology, i. p. 48.
[395] Rengger, Saeugethiere von Paraguay, p. 12.
[396] Cf. the facts adduced by Rengger, l.c. p. 11.
[397] Salvado, Voyage en Australie, pp. 182, 183.
[398] As regards the general psychology of musical and poetical exhortation to work cf. Chardin, Voyages, i. p. 160, quoted in Bücher’s Arbeit und Rhythmus, pp. 48, 367. For typical instances see Reade, The African Sketch Book, ii. p. 313 (Krumen); Wissman, Unter deutschen Flagge, p. 43 (West African Carriers); Burton, Lake Regions, ii. p. 291 (East Africa); Grove, Dancing, p. 16 (Egypt); Turner, Nineteen Years in Polynesia, pp. 317, 345; Lewin, Wild Races, p. 271 (Lhoosai); Thomson, New Zealand, i. p. 167; Dieffenbach, New Zealand, ii. p. 57.
[399] Cf. The satirical and erotic boat songs of the Gold Coast Negroes—Winterbottom, Africans of Sierra Leone, i. p. 112, and the historical and erotic ploughing songs of the ancient Peruvians—Markham, Ollanta, pp. 1, 2.
[400] A collection of such working songs from among various civilised nations has been brought together by Professor Bücher in his Arbeit und Rhythmus.
[401] Cf. e.g. the interesting chapter on mill songs in Bücher’s above-mentioned work. As an addendum to this collection we may adduce the corn-grinding song of the Mapuché women—Smith, The Araucanians, p. 306.
[402] Noiré, Der Ursprung der Sprache, pp. 331 sq.
[403] Cf. e.g. Lenz, Skizzen aus Westafrica, pp. 198, 199, on the exciting effects exercised by tam-tam music on the Okandes.