The same virtues have also been admired in Australian dancing. See e.g. Fraser, Aborigines of N.S. Wales, p. 66; Smyth, Victoria, i. p. 168; ii. p. 294; Woods, Native Tribes, pp. xxxii., xxxiii., 272. Cf. also Dalton, Ethnology of Bengal, pp. 254, 255 (Oráons); Lewin, Wild Races, p. 227 (Kumis); p. 313 (Shendoos).
[424] Fritsch, Eingeborenen Süd-Afrikas, p. 91 (Ama Xosa); Casalis, The Basutos, p. 147 (Kaffir and Basuto dance).
[425] Fritsch, l.c. p. 328. The authority of Herr Fritsch gives sufficient credit to this assertion, although it is in direct opposition to the statement of Kolbe, Reise, pp. 530, 531. Herr Fritsch’s account of Hottentot dancing is, moreover, in substantial agreement with Sparrman’s description, Resa, i. pp. 375, 376.
[426] Cf. with regard to the employment of horns, drums, pipes, etc., as military signals, Wallaschek, Primitive Music, pp. 88, 99, 100, 104, 111-113.
[427] See, for instance, the descriptions of Khond warfare in Spencer, Descriptive Sociology, Division I. Nr. 5, p. 17 (quoting Campbell, Khondistan, p. 42), and the reflections of Mr. Bidwill on Maori courage as dependent upon musical and saltatory stimulation, Rambles in New Zealand, pp. 82, 83. As these instances refer to tribes which have been noted for the personal bravery which they develop when excited, the need of artificial excitement must be far stronger among timid tribes.
[428] Cf. the acute reflections of Cook, (1st) Voyage, p. 344.
[429] Beecham, Ashanti, p. 211; Schoolcraft, Information, i. pp. 79, 80 (Dacotas); Wood, Nat. Hist. of Man, i. p. 116 (Kaffir war medicine).
[430] Kubary on Micronesian war tattooings in Joest, Tätowiren, p. 80.
[431] Mann in Trans. Ethn. Soc. N. S. v. p. 295 (Kaffirs); Livingstone, Miss. Travels, pp. 198, 199 (Makololo dance demonstration as a preparation to an intended fight); Schoolcraft, Information, iv. p. 62 (Dacotas dance when they come in the neighbourhood of the enemy’s country); Schomburgk, Guiana, ii. (Macusis); Cook, (1st) Voyage, pp. 467, 468, and Angas, Savage Life, i. pp. 328, 329 (Maoris); Cahusac, La danse, i. p. 108, on the ancient Ethiopians, quoting Lukianos.
Ethnological literature affords numberless descriptions of dances performed as an exercise to battle. As in the present connection we have only to deal with means of stimulation, which immediately precede the real action, all these instances are not to the point.