[461] For detailed arguments on this point see the author’s Förstudier till en konstfilosofi, chap, iv., “On Gracefulness.”
[462] Cf. the illustrations in Hamilton’s The Art Workmanship of the Maori Race.
[463] Earle, New Zealand, pp. 160, 161; cf. also Johnstone, Maoria, p. 50.
[464] Cf. especially the specimens translated in Schoolcraft, Information, ii. pp. 59 sq.
[465] See the specimens of leather, bone, and textile works preserved in ethnological collections, especially in Musée de Trocadéro, Paris.
[466] Cf. Posnett, Comparative Literature, p. 133.
[467] Spencer, Principles of Sociology, vol. i. p. 102; Lang, Myth, Ritual, and Religion, i. pp. 94-100; Frazer, The Golden Bough, i. pp. 9-12, 193-206. For further instructive instances see Ellis, Eẃe Peoples, pp. 98, 99; Tshi Peoples, pp. 108, 109; Curr, Australian Race, i. pp. 45-48; Woods, Native Tribes, pp. 23-26 (Facts referring to Polynesia and Australia); Kotzebue, Entdeckungsreise, ii. p. 20 (Hawaji); Dieffenbach, New Zealand, ii. p. 59; Musters, Patagonia, p. 12 (Tehuelches).
[468] See literature on the Couvade, and on the precautions to be observed by men who expect to become fathers. We cannot here dwell on the interesting theories, according to which totemistic doctrines and regulations ought to be interpreted as based upon the conception of a quite material substratum, connecting for eternity with each other all individuals and generations of the same family. However fantastic they may have appeared, the probability of these views has undeniably been increased by the publication of those hitherto unknown details of Australian ceremonialism that have been brought to light by Messrs. Spencer and Gillen. But in questions like these it seems almost impossible to discriminate between symbolical ideas and actions on the one hand, and magical practices based on a real belief on the other.
[469] Cf. Andree, Ethnographische Parallelen, Neue Folge, p. 46; Hartland, The Legend of Perseus, ii. p. 267.
[470] Cf. Rochas, L’extériorisation de la sensibilité, pp. 117-139.