4 Suvarṇas = 1 Pala.
Silver.
2 Krishṇalas = 1 Másha.
16 Máshas = 1 Dharaṇa.
10 Dharaṇas = 1 Pala or Śatamána.
4 Suvarṇas = 1 Nishka.
Copper.
4 Karshas = 1 Pala.
1 Paṇa = 1 Karsha i. e. 1/4 Pala.
They by no means satisfactorily define the intrinsic weight and signification of the Paṇa, which, as the measure of pecuniary penalty, would seem to be the chief if not sole object of their introduction.