Note.—These observations are very imperfect, my mode of traveling being such as to prevent my making regular references to the thermometer; and during the intense cold which prevailed some part of the winter, the mercury of the barometer sank into the bulb. I was also frequently obliged to be absent from my party, when it was impossible for me to carry instruments. Those different circumstances occasioned the omissions which appear in the table. The instrument employed was Reaumer's, but the observations made have been adapted to the scale of Fahrenheit.—Z. M. Pike, 1st lieutenant.

Date.Thermometer
(degrees).
Sky.Wind.N. Lat.W. Long.Var.Barometer
(inches).
sunrise.3 p.m.sunset.Course.Force.
Aug.
6............clearS S Efresh39° 1´15° 20´ Ph.7° 54´28.5
7....90....thunderstormN Wvery hard............28
8....75....rainN W do.............28.5
9....83....cloudyS by E light............28.8
10....97....flying clouds Wsqually............28
11....108½....do.W by S ................20
12....101¾....rainS by W fresh............29.2
13....83¾....hard rain N W do.................
14....81½....do.S by E do.............28.5
15....88¼....rainyN W do.40° 31´ 16° 41´ ....29
16....90½....clearN W gentle............30
17....88¼....do.S E do.............30.2
18....81½....cloudyN W strong............28.5
19....99½....clearN W gentle............30
20....90½....do.Edo.............30
21....88¼....cloudyS E fresh40° 32´ 12´´ ........29
22....90½....clearN by W strong............29.5
23....106¼....do.....................30
24....82¾....clear....................30
25....81¼....cloudyN by W strong............2
2661¼72½....rainN by W gale................
2754½63½....do.N by W do.................
2852¼61¼....do.S by E hard................
2952¼72½....cloudyS by E fresh............28.5
3061¼88¼....clearS by W do.............28
31....92¾....do.S by W gentle............28.5
Sept.
1....88¼....clearS E fresh............30
2....95....do.Sgentle............29.3
3....79¼....cloudyN W do.............28.8
4....77....do.S W do.43° 44´ 8´´ ........29
5....88¼....rainS W fresh............27
6....95....clearS by E do.............27
7....86....cloudyS by E do.............28
8....99½....do.S by E do.............29.5
9....92¾....do.Sgentle............28.8
10....72½....rainN by W fresh................
11....59....do.N by E hard................
12....52¼....do.N by E do.................
13....50....do.Ngentle................
14....43¼....clearS E do.................
15....65¾....rainS E do.............28
16....77....rising clouds S E fresh............28.5
17....65¾....rainN W hard................
18....77....cloudyN W gentle45° 44´ 8´´ ............
19....65¾....do.S E fresh................
20....72½....clearN W do.............28.5
214177....do.S E gentle............29
22....77....do.N W fresh................
23....81½....cloudyN W do.............28.5
24....86....do.N W do.................
25....77....flying clouds N W do.................
26....65¾....cloudyS E do.................
27....65¾....do.S E ....................
28....65¾....rainS by E hard............28
29....72½....cloudyS by E fresh, hard ................
30....65¾....do.N E ....................
Oct.
15065¾....cloudyN W fresh45° ........28.5
25072½....rainN W...............28
33250....clearN W ............28.4
43250....cloudy, hail N W ............29
53223....clearN W hard............29.5
63223....do.N W do.............29.5
736½50....do.N W do.............29
82650....do.S E fresh............29.5
94154½....do.W by N ................29.5
105088¼65¾do.S by W do.............29.5
1136½65¾54½do.N by W do.............29
1236½5936½do.N by W hard............29.5
133672½59do.S by W fresh............36.2
143665¾50do.N W gentle............29
1543¼54½41cloudy, rain N by W fresh............28.5
165065¾54½snowdo.do.45° 33´ 3´´ ........28.5
17415052do.do.do.............28
1843¼54½50cloudyS by W do.............29.5
1945½5954½clear, cloudy do.gentle............29.8
2043¼5443¼do.do.do.............29.5
21231420cleardo.do.............29
22294532cloudy, snow N by W do.............28.5
23202723do.N W do.............29.3
24202723do.N W do.............29
25162343cloudy....do.........9° 10´29
26112032clearWdo.............29.5
27203243¼do.Wdo.............30
28204347do.N E do.45° 33´ 3´´ ....9° 10´ S 29.5
29275043cloudy, rain N E do.............29
30505250do.N E do.............28.5
31324347cloudyNdo.........9° 10´ S 28
Nov.
136........rain........45° 33´ 3´´ ........28
2............snow........................
3....warm....fair........................
4....fresh....do.N E gentle................
5....warm....do.........................
6....cool....snowN W ....................
7....warm....hail, rain do.....................
8....do.....light snow do.....................
9....cold27do.do.....................
10142020clearN W gentle............28
11202525do.S E do.................
12272527cloudyS W do.............28.5
13383638do.....do.............28.5
1441........rain........................
15473841cloudy........................
16543647do.........................
17473632do.........................
18363432clear........................
19383623do.........................
20383641do.........................
21413645............................
22413638............................
23413227............................
24383432............................
25413838............................
26383234............................
27383834............................
28294341clearN W fresh................
29233236do.Ngentle................
30162725do.N by W do.................
Dec.
1253232snowS W gentle45° 33´ 9´´ ............
272716clearS E do.................
3163220do.S E do.................
4203227do.S E do.................
5233232cloudyS E do.................
6253232clearS E do.................
7202725do.S E do.................
8162527do.S E do.................
9202523do.N E fresh................
10232729cloudyN W do.................
1127....43do.S E gentle................
1229....32do.N W fresh................
1338....32snowN W hard................
1429....7....N W do.................
157....11cloudyN W do.................
169....43clearSgentle................
1720....32do.S E do.................
1836....36do.S E do.................
1936....25cloudySE, NW fresh................
2025....32do.N E gentle................
2118....27do.N E do.................
222....5clearN E do.................
232....32do.N E do.................
245....27do.N E do.45° 49´ 50´´ ............
2527....27cloudyN W do.................
2623....29do.N E do.................
2723....29snowEdo.................
2823....32cloudyS W do.................
2920....11clearN W hard................
309....11do.Wdo.................
319....20do.Wdo.................
Jan.
117-4/10....11cloudy, snow N E fresh................
22....20clearEdo.................
320....25do.W....................
423....25do.W....................
533-5/10....20do.E....................
620....9snowWhard46° 9´ 20´´ ............
715-2/10....1clear........................
8........................................
9........................................
10........................................
11........................................
12........2clearS E ....................
1328-5/10....6do.........46° 9´ 20´´ 22° 13´ ........
1424| .... 1do.N....46° 9´ 20´´ ....3° 41´ W ....
1533-5/10....6do.........................
1619-8/10....5............................
1762320............................
1892520............................
19........................................
20........................................
21........23............................
2214....27clearN W ....................
2327| .... 27do.........................
24272932cloudyS by E ....................
25....27................................
26....5................................
27....5................................
28425............................
2951411............................
30114................................
31814................................
Feb.
11075clear........47° 16´ 13´´ ............
25914do.........................
372723do.........................
4191do.........................
510147do.........................
652711do.........................
722320do.Wfresh................
8819do.Whard................
917-5/1018snow........................
1017-5/1015do.N E gentle................
11171clearS E ....................
125161do.N E ....................
13233632hail, clouds S by E fresh................
14113632clearN W ....................
1552016do.N W ....................
1622316do.S W ....................
1753232sleet, snow ........................
181432....clear........................
19........20do.........................
201....27do.........................
2114....27do.........................
2216....27do.........46° 32´ 32´´ ............
2314....23do.........................
2416....20do.........................
2511....25do.........................
2623....36do.S W ....................
2716....11....N W ....................
2816............N W ....................
Mar.
116....16clearS E ....................
216....20cloudyS E ....................
320....43clearE....................
420....27do.E....................
525....29do.........45° 33´ 3´´ ............
636....27do.........................
7294127clear, warm ........................
8292523cloudyS E hard................
9364341clearS E ....................
10252527do.N E ....................
11323638cloudyS E fresh................
12344738clearN W do.................
13334327do.N W ....45° 14´ 8´´ ............
14384334do.N W fresh................
15504136do.Ndo.................
16384336do.Edo.................
17323232snowN W do.................
18323232do.Ndo.43° 44´ 8´´ ............
19323229do.N E do.................
20293829cloudyN by E do.................
2193220clearN W do.................
221914do.N E do.................
2373232do.Edo.................
2452532cloudyN E ....................
25253232snowS E ....................
26112527clearEfresh................
27385443do.S E do.................
28364143do.S W do.................
29297054do.S E do.................
30525643cloudyN E do.................
31326143clearN E ....................
Apr.
1296143clearN E fresh................
2347463do.Shard................
3457043do.N E do.................
4204541do.N E do.................
5294538cloudyN E do.................
6274336do.N E do.................
723....32snowN E ....................
841....34cloudyN....................
951832clearN E ....................
1055425do.N E ....................
11183232snowS E ....................
12105443clearS E ....................
13325045do.S E hard................
14385045cloudy, rain S E ....................
15345232snowS E ....................
16345041do.N W fresh................
17347043clearN W do.................
18459263do.N W do.................
19509981do.S E do.................
20599579do.S E do.................
21549263cloudyN W ....................
22436352clearN W fresh................
23367263do.S E ....................
24437061cloudyS E hard................
25435447cloudy, rain S E do.................
264350....do.S E do.................
27439577clearN E gentle................
28438172cloudyS E do.................
293859....rainN W....................

Remarks.

CHAPTER V.
CORRESPONDENCE AND CONFERENCES.[V-1]

Art. 1. Letter, Pike to Wilkinson. (Orig. No. 1, pp. 1, 2.)

Head of the Rapids de Moyen, Aug. 20th, 1805.

Dear General:

I arrived here this day, after what I have considered as rather an unfortunate voyage, having had a series of rainy weather for the first six days, by which means all our biscuit was more or less damaged, they being in very bad and open barrels; and our having got twice so fast on forked sawyers or old trees as to oblige me partly to unload, and staving in a plank on another [sawyer], which nearly sunk our boat before we got on shore and detained us one whole day. These all occasioned unavoidable detentions of two days, and the innumerable islands and sand-bars which, without exaggeration, exceed those of the river below the Ohio, have been the cause of much unexpected delay. But I calculate on getting to Prairie de Chien in at least the same time I was in coming [from St. Louis] here.

We were met yesterday on the Rapids by Mr. William Ewing, who is sent here by the government of the United States to teach the savages agriculture; and who, I perceive in Governor Harrison's instructions, is termed an agent of the United States, under the instructions of P. Choteau, with, he says, a salary of $500 per annum. I conceived you did not know of this functionary, else you would have mentioned him to me. He was accompanied by Monsieur Louis Tisson Houire [Tesson Honoré[V-2]], who informed me he had calculated on going with me as my interpreter; he said that you had spoken to him on the occasion, and appeared much disappointed when I told him I had no instructions to that effect. He also said he had promised to discover mines, etc., which no person knew but himself; but, as I conceive him much of a hypocrite, and possessing great gasconism, I am happy he was not chosen for my voyage. They brought with them three peroques of Indians, who lightened my barge and assisted me up the Rapids. They expressed great regret at the news of two men having been killed on the river below, which I believe to be a fact, as I have it from various channels, and were very apprehensive they would be censured by our government as the authors [of these murders], though from every inquiry they conceive it not to be the case, and seem to ascribe the murders to the Kickapoos. They strongly requested I would hear what they had to say on the subject; this, with an idea that this place would be a central position for a trading establishment for the Sacs, Reynards, Iowas of the de Moyen, Sioux from the head of said [Des Moines] river, and Paunte [Puants] of the de Roche [Rock river], has induced me to halt part of the day to-morrow. I should say more relative to Messrs. Ewing and Houire, only that they propose visiting you with the Indians who descend, as I understand by your request, in about 30 days, when your penetration will give you le tout ensemble of their characters [[note18], p. 15].