Louis XIV (of France)
|
Louis (Dauphin)
|
| |
Louis, Dauphin, Duke of Burgundy Philip, Duke of Anjou,
| Philip V of Spain
Louis XV |
| |
Louis, Dauphin | | |
| Ferdinand VI Charles III Philip, Duke
Louis XVI (jefe de ellos) of Spain of Spain of Parma
beheaded January 21, 1793. | |
| Ferdinand
| | of Parma
Charles IV Ferdinand IV |
of Spain, King of Naples, Louis
deposed 1808. deposed 1806 (died 1803)
|
Charles Louis
Duke of Parma,
deposed 1807.

[5], 13 sqq. Rívoli, village of Italy, near Verona, where Bonaparte defeated the Austrians, January 14, 1797.—Marengo, village 3 miles south-east of Alessandria in Piedmont. The battle of Marengo, fought June 14, 1800, was one of Napoleon's greatest victories and narrowest escapes.—las Pirámides; the battle of the Pyramids was fought July 21st, 1798.—Corona de Carlo Magno; Napoleon I was crowned emperor December 2d, 1804.

[6], 2. The Spaniard is specially fond of parenthetical interjection of a votive kind, and rarely omits it in speaking of the dead. The phrase used here is frequent, though rather of the elaborate: ¡Que santa gloria haya! often abbreviated in writing to ¡q. s. g. h! is one of the frequent simpler forms. Parentheses of another, though analogous sort, are C. m. b. or C. p. b.—cuyas manos, cuyos pies beso—often inserted in letters after the name of some person; and there are others. The Latin absit omen! may be called to mind in this connection.

[6], 12. Gaceta. The Gazette, the official newspaper of Spain, was established in 1661. By decree of 12 April, 1791, all newspapers except this one were suppressed; and as it was not until after 1811 that the Cortes of Cadiz restored in some measure the liberty of the press, the Gaceta was at the time of the story the only source of information accessible to Spaniards, except perhaps in one or two of the largest cities. Alarcón pokes a bit of fun at the Gaceta, in the present passage; and Richard Ford, in the 1845 edition of his Handbook for Travellers in Spain, vol. II, page 728, says of it: "Its pages for the last fifty years, the French Moniteur only excepted, are the greatest satire ever deliberately published by any people on itself."

[6], 21. Inquisición. The Inquisition in Spain was suspended by a decree of Napoleon, December 4th, 1808. Ferdinand VII made various efforts to restore it, and it did not disappear finally until 1834. It had been established by a decree promulgated at Toledo in December, 1480, to commissioners appointed in September of that year, and its first court was held at Seville in 1481. See H. C. Lea, A History of the Inquisition in Spain, Vol. I, New York, 1906, pp. 160 sqq.; Ch. V. Langlois, L'inquisition d'après des travaux récents.

[6], 23. fueros. The fuero was a special privilege or concession granted by the king to any particular province, town, or individual. Celebrated examples in Spanish national history are those granted to Aragon and to the Basque provinces. On the fuero see Rafael Altamira y Crevea, Historia de España y de la Civilización Española, Barcelona, 1900 and 1902, vol. I, pp. 502 sqq. The word fuero is also used to denote the body of municipal law, and as title of a collection of statutes, as in Fuero Juzgo, Fuero Real, etc.

[6], 26. Corregidor. In the cities of Spain in which there was neither royal governor nor court, the corregidor was, under the old régime, the most important personage, filling at once the offices of judge, financial administrator, head of the council, and prosecutor. His authority, especially in the remote towns, was practically unlimited.

He was appointed directly by the king. With constitutional government, he has lost importance, and when found is simply an alcalde, or mayor.

[6], 28. The unabridged text here is: "y pagando diezmos, primicias, alcabalas, subsidios, mandas, y limosnas forzosas, rentas, rentillas, capitaciones, tercias reales, gabelas, frutos-civiles, y hasta cincuenta tributos más, cuya nomenclatura no viene a cuento ahora." The best account of all these taxes is to be found under the appropriate headings in Marcelino Martínez Alcubilla, Diccionario de la Administración española, fifth edition, Madrid, 1892. They were nearly all abolished by the reforms introduced by Mon in 1846.

[7], 2. la; sc. historia.