French Reader on the Cumulative Method / The story of Rodolphe and Coco the Chimpanzee

by Adolphe Dreyspring

Assertives.

1. Je le suis, I am it. 2. J'en suis, I am of, with it. 3. J'y suis, I am there, in. 4. Je ne suis pas, I am not. 5. Je ne le suis pas, I am not it. 6. Je n'en suis pas, I am not of, with it. 7. Je n'y suis pas, I am not there.

Je l'ai été, I have been it. J'en ai été, I have been of, with it. J'y ai été, I have been there, in. Je n'ai pas été, I have not been. Je ne l'ai pas été, I have not been it. Je n'en ai pas été, I have not been of, with it. Je n'y ai pas été, I have not been there.

Interrogatives.

8. Suis-je? Am I? 9. Le suis-je? Am I it? 10. En suis-je? Am I with, of it? 11. Y suis-je? Am I there? 12. Ne suis-je pas? Am I not? 13. Ne le suis-je pas? Am I not it? 14. N'en suis-je pas? Am I not with it? 15. N'y suis-je pas? Am I not there?

Ai-je été? Have I been? L'ai-je été? Have I been it? En ai-je été? Have I been of it? Y ai je été? Have I been there? N'ai-je pas été? Have I not been? Ne l'ai-je pas été? Have I not been it? N'en ai-je pas été? Have I not been of it? N'y ai-je pas été? Have I not been there?

N. B.--By placing est-ce que before the seven assertives, interrogatives are obtained, as: Est-ce que je le suis? Am I it? etc.

§ 36. Regular Verbs.

First Conjugation, ending in er.

Model Verb.
parler, to speak.

INDICATIVE MOOD.

Simple Tenses. Present. Je parle, I speak. tu parles, thou speakest. il parle, he speaks. on parle, one speaks. nous parlons, we speak. vous parlez, you speak. ils parlent, they speak. Imperfect. Je parlais, I was speaking. tu parlais, thou wast speaking. il parlait, he was speaking. on parlait, one was speaking. nous parlions, we were speaking. vous parliez, you were speaking. ils parlaient, they were speaking.

Compound Tenses. Past Indefinite. J'ai parlé, I have spoken. tu as parlé, thou hast spoken. il a parlé, he has spoken. on a parlé, one has spoken. nous avons parlé, we have spoken. vous avez parlé, you have spoken. ils ont parlé, they have spoken. Pluperfect. J'avais parlé, I had been speaking. tu avais parlé, thou hadst been speaking. il avait parlé, he had been speaking. on avait parlé, one had been speaking. nous avions parlé, we had been speaking. vous aviez parlé, you had been speaking. ils avaient parlé, they had been speaking.