40 4 dut tressaillir: 'must have leaped', cf. note to 2 10.
40 14 à peine Tartarin eut-il mis: cf. note to 5 32.
40 17 Arabes ... M'zabites: the aborigines of Algeria, three quarters of the population even now, are the Berber race, including the Kabyles (19 14) in the north, the Mzabites, purest Berbers of all, in the south, and the marauding Tuaregs (11 6) in the Sahara. The Mzabites, the heretical Puritans of Algerian Mohammedanism, are seen everywhere as honest petty traders and workers in street industries. The Arab conquest about 700 A.D. made Arabic the dominant language of all North Africa to this day--an important fact to remember--and introduced the Arabs as a permanent population along the north edge of the Sahara. The conquest by Turkish pirates about 1500 A.D., with subordination to the Sultan of Turkey till 1669, brought in very few Turks; the pirates were a mixture of various Mohammedan nations with renegades from the Christian nations. The "Moors" of to-day in Algeria are their descendants; the ancient Moors were Berbers. During the centuries of pirate rule, and earlier, negroes were brought in as slaves; Mohammedan custom favored setting them free in a few years if they became Mohammedans. The overthrow of the pirates by the French in 1830, and the French conquest during the next thirty years, caused most of the few Turks to leave the country, and started an influx of Europeans from the Mediterranean countries; Daudet notices especially the Minorcans (Mahonnais from the city of Port Mahon).
40 22 charabia: borrowed from the Spanish algarabía, which means properly 'Arabic,' then, by extension, any unintelligible 'jargon.' The French word is usually applied contemptuously to the dialect of Auvergne (cf. note to 27 14).
40 23 invraisemblables: lit. 'unlike the truth,' 'improbable', then 'strange,' 'outlandish', of German unwahrscheinlich.
40 26 se faire comprendre: cf. note to 7 25.--barbares: 'barbarians,' the word used by Greeks and Romans to designate uncivilized peoples. Not to be confused with barbaresque.
40 28 du latin de Pourceaugnac: 'Pourceaugnac Latin,' meaningless Latin such as that which Molière introduces into some of his plays. "Monsieur de Pourceaugnac" is the name of one of Molière's farces, and there is some Latin in it; but Daudet probably had in mind "Le Médecin malgré lui," II, 6. He uses the name Pourceaugnac here because he likes the sound. Rosa, rosae, is the type-noun of the first declension in French grammars of to-day, where we have ordinarily mensa or stella. In Molière's time, as suggested by the passage of "Le Médecin malgré lui" referred to, musa, musae, was the noun commonly used.
41 2 Heureusement qu': que is redundant, cf. 58 23.