Article 44 des jugemens d'Oléron, nº. 30 et suivans. L'auteur des Us et Coutumes de la mer, ouvrage estimé, rapporte «que les grands profits et la facilité que les habitans du Cap-Breton près Bayonne, et les Basques de Guyenne, ont trouvé à la pêcherie de la baleine, ont servi de leurre et d'amorce, à les rendre si hasardeux en ce point, que d'en faire la quête sur l'Océan par les longitudes et latitudes du monde. A cet effet ils ont ci-devant équippé des navires pour chercher le repaire ordinaire de ces monstres. De sorte que, suivant cette route, ils ont découvert, cent ans avant les navigations de Christophe Colomb, le grand et petit banc des morues, les terres de Terreneuve, de Cap-Breton et de Bacaleos, (qui est à dire morue en leur langue), le Canada, ou Nouvelle-France: et si les Castillans n'avaient pris à tâche de dérober la gloire aux Français, ils avoueraient, comme ont fait Christophe Wytfliet et Antoine Magin, cosmographes Flamands, ensemble Frs. Antoine de S. Roman, religieux de S. Benoît, (Historia general de la India Liv. 1. Chap. ii. p. 8) que le pilote, lequel porta la première nouvelle à Christophe Colomb, et lui donna la connaissance et l'adresse de ce monde nouveau, fut un de nos Basques Terreneuviers».
(B)
P. 274. Réponse du gouvernement de la Nouvelle-Angleterre à l'ultimatum du Canada au sujet d'un traité de paix et de commerce entre ces deux colonies (1650-1).
Copy of a letter from the Commissioners of the United Colonies to the Governor of Canada (M. d'Aillebout).
Most illustrious sir and much honoured Gentleman.
We have received your several letters, perused your commissions, presented by your honoured agents, and seriously considered what hath been by them either in writing or conference, propounded, concerning those injurious and hostile attempts made by the Mohawks (Agniers) upon some of your neighbouring Eastern Indians, of whom (as we are informed) some are converted to the Christian faith, and others are willing to be taught and may in time prove disciples to our saving Lord and master, and as such we pity them, but see not how we can protect or afford the help desired, without exposing the small English plantations and our own neighbouring Indians (of which some also profess christianity) to danger; we give due credit to your deputies, and can conceive you may have just ground for a war, but we have yet no just cause of quarrel with the Mohawks, nor is it safe for us to engage in a controversy which we neither do nor have means satisfyingly to understand, the Mohawks neither being in subjection to nor in any confederation with us; we are free to hold a neighbourly correspondance with you, and would have settled a free commerce betwixt the English and French colonies, but your agents thought it either unseasonable till matters were composed betwixt the Mohawks and your Indians, or else propounded such restrictions as would have taken away all convenience and freedom from the trade. What hath hindred our present closing, the enclosed writing will shew, but if a fitter opportunity be offered we shall not be wanting to contribute to a more satisfying issue. In the mean time we rest, &c.
New Haven, September 6. 51 (1651).
Voici la substance de la réponse que les commissaires anglais firent aux propositions des envoyés du Canada. Elle est tirée de Hutchinson. Je l'ai vérifiée sur la réponse qui se trouve en entier dans la Collection des papiers relatifs à l'histoire du Massachusetts p. 240, et suivantes.
The commissioners having duly weighed the proposals, returned (in 1651) an answer, in substance as follows, viz:--
«That they were willing to admit that the French and Eastern Indians might have just grounds to their own satisfaction, for war against the Mohawks. That they looked upon all such Indians, as received the Yoke of Christ, with another eye than upon others who worship the Devil. That they desired, by all just means, to keep peace, if it may be, with all men, even with these barbarians. That the Mohawks living at a distance from the sea, have little intercourse with these parts, but in the war the English had with the Pequods, 14 or 16 years before, the Mohawks shewed a real respect and had offered no hostilities since. That the English engaged in no war before they had full and satisfying evidence that it was just, nor before peace, upon just terms, had been offered and refused. That the Mohawks, not being subject to them, nor in league with them, they could not require an account of their proceedings, and had no means of information what they had to say for themselves. That to make war with the Mohawks, would expose the Indians, who were neighbours to the English, some of whom professed christianity, etc. That although they were ready to perform all neighbourly offices of righteousness and peace to the French colony, yet they could neither permit volunteers to be taken up, nor the French and Eastern Indians to pass thro' the English jurisdiction to invade the Mohawks, lest they should expose, not the Indians only, but the smaller English plantations to danger. That the English were much dissatisfied with that mischievous trade the French and Dutch have had and still continue, by selling guns, powder and shot to all the Indians, which rendered them insolent, etc. That if all other difficulties were removed, yet they had no such short and convenient passage, either by land or water, as might be had by Hudson's river, to and beyond Aurania fort possessed by the Dutch. That the commissioners conceived the French deputies might proceed to settle a trade; but if they thought proper to limit it under such restrictions, a fitter season for these treaties must be attended, which the commissioners would readily improve whensoever it presented».