[3]. Fontainebleau, a residence of the kings of France since Louis VII. It is situated about 38 miles southeast of Paris in the beautiful forest of Fontainebleau. The palace is composed of numerous buildings and galleries erected at different epochs; among the most magnificent are the Gallery of Henry II., and the Chapel of the Holy Trinity, built in 1529. Fontainebleau was greatly enriched by St. Louis, Francis I., Henry II., Henry IV., Louis XIV., and Napoleon. Here in 1685 Louis XIV. signed the revocation of the Edict of Nantes, and here also, on April 4, 1814, Napoleon abdicated in favor of his son. Fontainebleau is the birthplace of Henry III. and Louis XIII.
[Page 54.—1]. Madame de Martigues, Marie de Beaucaire, daughter of Jean de Puyguillon, Seneschal of Poitou. She was familiarly known as Mademoiselle de Villemontays. She married Sébastien de Luxembourg, Viscomte de Martigues, called "le chevalier sans peur," by reason of his bravery while serving under Henry II., Francis II., and Charles IX.; he was killed during the siege of Saint-Jean d'Angely, November 20, 1569. Madame de Martigues died in 1613.
[Page 58.—1]. Sans chercher de détours, "openly." Compare such phrases as: user de détour, "to use evasions"; agir sans détour, "to act uprightly."
[Page 61.—1]. Chez la Reine, i.e. la Reine Dauphine.
[Page 62.—1]. Il n'y a que vous de femme au monde, "there is no other woman in the world except you."
[Page 63.—1]. Dire des choses plaisantes, "to jest."
[Page 64.—1]. The student must not be misled by Madame de La Fayette's ingenious explanation of Catherine de Medici's persecution of Mary Stuart and the subsequent expulsion of the widowed Queen from France. The real causes were Catherine's jealousy of the rising power of the Guises and her desire to avenge her private wrongs. The young Queen had availed herself of every opportunity to show her dislike for Catherine, and took special delight in humbling her pride by applying to her the contemptuous epithet of "fille de marchand." The bad feeling between the two rose to such a pitch that when, upon the death of Francis II., Mary's power was at an end, "the queen-mother," in the words of Michel de Castlenau, "found it very good and expedient to rid herself of the princess." (See Chéruel, Marie Stuart et Catherine de Médici, p. 19.)
[2]. La conjuration d'Amboise. In 1560 those who were opposed to the Guises and the Court, including a large number of Huguenots, made an effort to get Francis II. into their hands. Their design was to surprise the Court, which was then at the castle of Amboise (a town on the Loire, near Tours), and seize the King and Queen. The conspiracy was discovered by the Guises, and numbers of those implicated were executed. Although the Prince of Condé was really the instigator of the conspiracy, he could not be convicted, and was therefore released.
[Page 65.—1]. Qu'elle étoit d'intelligence avec Monsieur de Nemours, "that there was an understanding between her and Monsieur de Nemours."
[Page 66.—1]. Compiègne, a city on the left bank of the Oise, about fifty-two miles northeast of Paris. It was built by the Gauls and enlarged in 876 by Charles the Bald. In 833 the council was here held, by which Louis the Pious was deposed. Joan of Arc was taken prisoner in this city in 1430.