First Italian Readings

by Various

Note.—This vocabulary is not intended to contain all the words that occur in the Italian text. The forms of the definite article and the most common of the pronouns have been purposely omitted. Likewise words whose form and meaning are the same, or substantially the same, in both Italian and English, have usually been excluded. The gender of Italian nouns has been noted only in the more exceptional cases. Of those whose gender is not indicated, nouns ending in o and those denoting male beings are masculine, nouns ending in a, u, -zione, -gione, or -udine, and those denoting female beings are feminine. The plural form of nouns is given only in exceptional instances; and in case of adjectives the masculine singular is uniformly given, even though a feminine or plural form is the only one occurring in the text.

The following abbreviations are used:—

adj.	= adjective.	imperf.	= imperfect.	pl.	= plural.
cond.	= conditional.	ind.	= indicative.	pres.	= present.
f.	= feminine.	m.	= masculine.	pret.	= preterite.
fut.	= future.	n.	= noun.	subj.	= subjunctive.
imper.	= imperative.	part.	= participle.

A dash denotes that an Italian word is to be repeated.

---

• A.
• a, to, towards, at, on, as.
• abbaiare, to bark.
• abbandonare, to abandon, let fall.
• abbassare, to lower.
• abbasso, below, down-stairs.
• abbastanza, enough, sufficiently.
• abbattimento, depression.
• abbellire, to beautify, adorn.
• abbi, imper. of avere.
• abbigliamento, dress, attire.
• abbisognare, to need, require.
• abbracciare, to embrace.
• abbrunato, in mourning.
• abile, clever, skilful.
• abitante, m., inhabitant.
• abitare, to inhabit, live in.
• abitazione, dwelling.
• abito, suit of clothes, gown, coat.
• abituale, habitual.
• abitualmente, habitually.
• abitudine, habit.
• abiurare, to abjure, renounce.
• accademia, academy, society.
• accademico, academician.
• accadere, to happen, take place.
• accalcarsi, to press, crowd together.
• accampamento, camp.
• accanto (a), near, beside.
• accavallare, to pile up.
• accendersi, to become inflamed, excited.
• accennare, to hint, indicate.
• accento, accent, tone.
• acceso, lighted, burning.
• accessorio, minor feature.
• accettare, to accept, receive.
• acchiappare, to seize, catch.
• accidenti! bad luck to them!
• accidia, sloth, indolence.
• accingersi, to prepare one's self.
• accinsero, pret. of accingere.
• accogliere, to receive, welcome.
• accolse, pret. of accogliere.
• accolto, part. of accogliere.
• accomiatarsi, to take one's leave.
• accomodare, to arrange, adorn;
  • ——si, to sit down, stop.
• accompagnamento, accompaniment.
• accompagnare, to accompany, follow.
• acconsentire, to consent, agree.
• accordo, accord, harmony.
• accorgersi (di), to perceive.
• accorrere, to run up.
• accorse, pret. of accorgere.
• accorso, part. of accorrere.
• accorto, part. of accorgere.
• accostarsi, to approach.
• accosto, near, close to.
• accreditato, accredited.
• accurato, accurate, exact.
• acefalo, acephal.
• acqua, water.
• acquistare, to acquire.
• acrimonia, acrimony, bitterness.
• acume, m., acumen, sharpness of intellect.
• acuto, acute, sharp, shrill.
• ad (before vowels). See a.
• adagiare, to put down slowly, place carefully.
• adagio, adage, saying.
• adattato, adapted, suitable.
• addietro, back, before.
• addio, adieu, farewell.
• addirittura, at once.
• addormentato, asleep.
• addossato, leaning against.
• addosso, upon one's back, upon it;
  • —— a, upon.
• addottorarsi, to receive a doctor's degree.
• aderenza, connection, dependence.
• adesione, f., consent.
• adesso, now.
• adoperare, to use, employ;
  • ——si, to try, endeavor.
• adornare, to adorn.
• adottare, to adopt.
• adulazione, adulation, flattery.
• adunanza, meeting, assembly.
• affabilità, affability, courtesy.
• affaccendato, very busy, occupied.
• affacciarsi, to appear, show one's self.
• affannoso, painful, distressing.
• affare, m., affair, business.
• affatto, entirely, at all.
• affermare, to affirm.
• afferrare, to seize, lay hold of.
• affettare, to cut in bits, chop.
• affetto, affection; affected.
• affettuosamente, affectionately.
• affettuoso, affectionate, kind.
• affezionato, affectionate.
• affezione, affection, love.
• affidare, to entrust.
• affinchè, in order that.
• affine, in order to.
• afflitto, afflicted.
• afflizione, affliction.
• affogare, to drown.
• affrettarsi, to hasten, hurry.
• affronto, affront, insult.
• agente, agent, steward, manager.
• agghiacciare, to freeze, chill.
• aggiungere, to add.
• aggiunse, pret. of aggiungere.
• aggiunto, added.
• aggrapparsi, to cling to.
• aggraziato, graceful, genteel.
• aghetto, lace (corset).
• agiato, at one's ease.
• agio, ease, leisure.
• agitare, to swing, shake, move, agitate.
• agitazione, agitation.
• agnellino, lambkin.
• agnello, lamb, lambkin.
• agonia, agony.
• agosto, August.
• agrario, agrarian.
• agricoltore, farmer.
• agricoltura, agriculture.
• aguzzare, to sharpen, strain.
• aguzzino, jailer, guard.
• aia, garden-plot.
• aiutare, to aid, assist.
• aiuto, aid, help.
• ala (pl. ali), wing, shelter.
• albagia, pride, ostentation.
• albergo, hotel.
• albero, tree.
• alcuno, some, any.
• alienazione, alienation, derangement.
• alieno, alien, far from.
• alito, gentle breeze, zephyr, breath, inspiration.
• allacciare, to fasten.
• allargare, to enlarge, let out.
• allegro, cheerful, gay.
• allineare, to place in a line.
• allontanare, to remove, send away;
  • ——si, to get away, go away.
• allora, then, at that time.
• allorchè, when, while.
• allucinazione, hallucination.
• allungare, to stretch out, lengthen.
• almeno, at least.
• alquanto, somewhat.
• altamente, highly, greatly.
• alterato, changed.
• altezza, height.
• alto, high, lofty, tall, above;
  • in ——, on high, up.
• altro, other, another, anything else.
• altrui, of others.
• alunn -o, -a, pupil.
• alveare, m., beehive.
• alzare, to raise, lift up, rise;
  • ——si, to get up, rise.
• amabilità, affability.
• amare, to love, like.
• amareggiare, to imbitter.
• amaro, bitter, sad.
• amato, loved, beloved.
• ambascia, anxiety, distress.
• ambire, to aspire to, wish.
• ambizione, ambition.
• ambizioso, ambitious.
• ambulanza, ambulance.
• amica, female friend.
• amicizia, friendship.
• amico, friend.
• amido, starch.
• ammasso, heap, mass.
• ammazzare, to kill.
• ammesso, admitted, received.
• amministrare, to administer.
• ammirare, to admire.
• ammirazione, admiration.
• ammobiliato, furnished.
• ammonire, to admonish, warn.
• ammonizione, admonition.
• amore, m., love, affection.
• amoretto, slight attachment, petty love-affair.
• amorosamente, lovingly.
• ampio, ample, wide, spacious.
• amplesso, embrace, clasp.
• amputazione, amputation.
• anche, also, still, likewise, even.
• anco, also.
• ancora, still, yet, again.
• andamento, running, management.
• andare, to go, walk, move; to suit, fit; to be;
  • ——sene, to go away.
• anelare, to long for.
• anelito, gasp.
• angolo, angle, corner.
• angoscia, anguish, pain.
• angustia, affliction, grievance.
• anima, soul, life, mind, person.
• animare, to animate;
  • ——si, to become animated, excited.
• animatamente, with animation.
• animo, mind, intellect.
• annaffiatoio, watering-pot.
• annientare, to annihilate.
• anno, year.
• annodare, to tie.
• annoiarsi, to be wearied, bored.
• annoiato, annoyed, wearied.
• annunziare, to announce.
• annunzio, announcement.
• ansare, to pant;
  • n. m., panting, puffing.
• ansia, anxiety.
• antenna, yard (of a ship).
• anticipazione, anticipation.
• antico, former, ancient, old.
• antipatia, antipathy.
• antipatico, repulsive.
• anzi, rather, even, also, on the contrary.
• anziano, ancient, old.
• anzichenò, rather than otherwise.
• ape, f., bee.
• aperse, pret. of aprire.
• apertamente, frankly.
• aperto, open, extended;
  • part. of aprire.
• apocrifo, apocryphal, spurious.
• appannato, clouded, darkened.
• apparecchiare, to prepare.
• apparecchio, apparatus.
• apparenza, appearance.
• apparizione, appearance.
• appartamento, apartment.
• appartenere, to belong.
• appassionato, passionate.
• appena, hardly, scarcely, as soon as.
• appendice, f., supplement.
• appiccicare, to stick, tack.
• appieno, fully.
• applauso, applause.
• applicare, to apply.
• applicato, clerk, employee.
• applicazione, application.
• appoggiato, leaning.
• approfittare (di), to take advantage (of).
• approvare, to approve, confirm.
• approvazione, approval.
• appunto, precisely, just.
• aprico, sunny.
• aprire, to open, begin.
• aquila, eagle, 'great genius.'
• arancia, orange.
• arco, arch, curve.
• ardere, to burn.
• ardire, to dare.
• ardito, courageous, intrepid.
• argano, capstan.
• argento, silver.
• argomentazione, argumentation.
• argomento, subject, theme, argument, reason.
• arguto, sharp, subtle, witty.
• aria, air.
• aridità, barrenness.
• arlecchino, harlequin.
• armonioso, harmonious.
• arrabbiarsi, to get angry, furious.
• arrampicarsi, to climb, clamber.
• arrestare, to stop;
  • ——si, to stop.
• arricchito, enriched, grown rich.
• arrischiarsi, to dare, venture.
• arrischiato, bold, rash.
• arrivare, to arrive, succeed.
• arrivo, arrival.
• arrossire, to redden, blush.
• arrotolato, rolled up.
• arruffare, to disorder.
• arruffato, dishevelled.
• arruolato, enlisted.
• arte, f., art.
• artesiano, artesian.
• articolo, article;
  • —— di fondo, leader, editorial.
• artificio, artifice;
  • fuochi d'——, fireworks.
• artistico, artistic, artist-like.
• ascella, armpit.
• asciugare, to dry, wipe.
• ascoltare, to listen to.
• asino, ass, donkey.
• aspettare, to wait, await, expect.
• aspettativa, expectation.
• aspetto, aspect, mien, look.
• aspirare, to aspire.
• aspro, rough, rugged.
• assaettato, exceedingly, shockingly.
• assaggiare, to taste, try.
• assai, much, enough, very.
• assalire, to assail.
• assaporare, to relish, enjoy.
• assassino, assassin, murderer.
• assennato, prudent, sensible.
• asserzione, assertion.
• assestato, prudent, careful.
• assicurare, to assure.
• assiduamente, assiduously.
• assistere, to be present.
• assoluto, absolute.
• assoluzione, acquittal.
• assolvere, to acquit.
• assopirsi, to become drowsy.
• assopito, drowsy, sleepy.
• assordante, deafening.
• assorto, absorbed.
• assuefatto, accustomed.
• assurdo, absurd.
• asta, stick, handle, straight line, stroke.
• astenzione, abstinence.
• astro, star.
• astronomo, astronomer.
• astuzia, cunning, wiliness.
• ateo, atheistic.
• atmosfera, atmosphere.
• atrabiliare, atrabilious, hypochondriac, melancholy.
• attaccare, to attach, tie, fasten, attack, begin.
• atteggiamento, attitude.
• atteggiarsi, to bestir one's self.
• attendere, to expect.
• attentamente, attentively, carefully.
• attenuare, to lessen, weaken.
• atterrito, terrified.
• attimo, moment, instant.
• attitudine, ability.
• atto, act, gesture, movement, action, manner.
• attorno (a), about, around.
• attraversare, to cross, pass over.
• attraverso, through.
• attribuire, to attribute.
• audace, audacious, bold.
• audacia, audacity, boldness.
• augurare, to wish for.
• aula, hall, room.
• aumento, increase.
• austriaco, Austrian.
• autorità, authority.
• autunno, autumn.
• avamposto, outpost, advanced guard.
• avanti, before, ahead, forward.
• avanzamento, advancement.
• avanzarsi, to advance.
• avaro, avaricious; miser.
• avere, to have.
• avorio, ivory.
• avvedersi, to perceive.
• avvenenza, elegance, grace.
• avvenimento, event.
• avvenire, to happen;
  • n. m., future.
• avventarsi, to rush, fall upon.
• avverare, to confirm.
• avvertire, to inform, warn, observe.
• avvezzo, accustomed.
• avviarsi, to set out, start on.
• avvicinare, to bring or place near, approach;
  • ——si, to approach.
• avvide, pret. of avvedere.
• avviluppare, to envelop.
• avviso, announcement, notice.
• avviticchiato, clinging to.
• avvocatarsi, to practise law.
• avvocato, lawyer.
• azione, action.
• azzurro, azure.
• B.
• babbo, father, papa.
• babbuino, baboon, ugly, stupid man.
• bacchetta, rod, wand.
• bacco, Bacchus;
  • per ——! indeed! heavens!
• baciare, to kiss.
• bacio, kiss.
• badare, to mind, take care, pay attention.
• baffi, m. pl., mustaches.
• bagliore, m., dazzling light.
• bagnare, to bathe.
• bagnatura, bathing season.
• bagno, bath.
• baionetta, bayonet.
• balbettare, to stammer.
• balcone, m., balcony.
• balenare, to flash, occur.
• baleno, flash of lightning.
• balia, nurse.
• ballare, to dance.
• balordo, stupid, foolish.
• balzare, to leap, jump, throw.
• bambino, child, infant.
• banca, bank.
• banco, sandbank, shoal, bank, office.
• bandiera, banner, flag.
• bandire, to publish.
• baraonda, commotion, confusion.
• barba, beard.
• barbaglio, dazzling.
• barbarie, f., barbarity.
• barca, bark, boat.
• baronessa, baroness.
• Bartolommeo, Bartholomew.
• basso, low, bowed;
  • a ——, down, below, come down!
• basta! enough!
• bastare, to suffice, be enough.
• bastoncino, stick, cane.
• bastone, m., stick, rod, wand.
• battaglia, battle.
• battaglione, m., battalion.
• battere, to strike, beat, clap;
  • ——si, to fight.
• battistrada, m., running footman.
• baule, m., trunk.
• bavero, collar.
• beato, happy, beautiful.
• bella, belle, beauty.
• bellezza, beauty, perfection.
• bellino, pretty, pleasing.
• bello, beautiful, handsome, fine.
• benchè, although.
• bene, well, exactly, very;
  • per ——, thoroughly;
  • —— arrivato, welcome;
  • n. m., good, benefit;
  • pl., riches, property.
• benedetto, blessed.
• beneficio, benefit.
• benevolmente, kindly.
• beninteso, of course.
• bensì, yes, certainly, but.
• benvenuto, welcome.
• bere, to drink, swallow, believe.
• bernoccolo, bump, swelling.
• berrett -o, -a, cap.
• bersagliere, sharpshooter.
• bestemmiare, to blaspheme.
• bestia, beast, animal.
• Bettina, Betsy, Betty.
• bevere. See bere.
• biada, standing grain.
• biancheggiare, to grow white.
• bianco, white, pale.
• biblioteca, library.
• bicchiere, m., glass, goblet.
• bidello, beadle.
• bigliardo, billiards.
• bimba, child.
• bimbetto, little child, babe.
• binario, track.
• biondino, fair-haired boy.
• biondo, blond, fair.
• birichina! little rogue!
• bisbetico, whimsical, morose.
• bisbigliare, to whisper, murmur.
• bisbiglio, murmur, whispering.
• bisognare, to be necessary, must.
• bisogno, need.
• bisticciarsi, to dispute, quarrel.
• bizzarro, odd, bizarre.
• bocca, mouth.
• boccata, mouthful, breath.
• boccone, m., mouthful, morsel.
• bolognese, Bolognese.
• bomba, bomb.
• bonaccia, calm, happiness.
• bonomia, bonhomie, good-nature, simplicity.
• bontà, goodness, kindness.
• borbottare, to mutter, grumble;
  • n. m., murmur, muttering.
• bordo, border, board;
  • a ——, on board.
• boreale, boreal, northern.
• boria, arrogance, conceit.
• bosco, wood, forest.
• bottegaio, shopkeeper.
• braccetto, small arm;
  • a ——, arm in arm.
• braccio (pl. f., braccia), arm.
• bragia, live coal, burning coal.
• branco, drove, herd.
• bravamente, bravely.
• bravo, brave, skilful, good, honest; bravo! excellent!
• breve, brief, short, a few.
• brevetto, patent.
• brezza, breeze.
• brigante, brigand, ruffian.
• brillante, brilliant.
• brillare, to shine.
• brizzolato, spotted, sprinkled.
• broccato, brocade.
• brontolare, to mutter.
• brontolona, grumbling woman.
• brontolone, m., grumbler.
• brulichio, swarming, hum.
• bruno, dark; mourning.
• bruscamente, bluntly, abruptly.
• brutto, ugly, dirty, unpleasant.
• bucato, wash, washing.
• buccia, rind, shell.
• buco, hole, cavity.
• bufera, hurricane, storm.
• buffetto, rap, blow.
• buio, dark, gloomy; darkness.
• buono, good, kind, fit, able, right;
  • alla buona, plain, without ceremony.
• burburo, sullen, surly.
• burlarsi (di), to make fun (of).
• burocrazia, bureaucracy.
• burrasca, storm, hurricane.
• burrascoso, stormy.
• busillis, m., difficulty.
• bussa, trouble, grief.
• bussare, to rap, knock.
• bussola, compass, reckoning.
• busto, body, breast.
• buttare, to throw, fling.
• C.
• cabina, cabin, stateroom.
• caccia, chase, hunting.
• cacciare, to chase, thrust.
• cadavere, m., dead body, corpse.
• cadere, to fall.
• cagionato, caused, occasioned.
• cagione, cause, reason;
  • a —— di, because of, on account of.
• calamaio, inkstand.
• calare, to lower, descend;
  • —— a basso, to get down.
• calca, crowd, throng, press.
• calcare, to press.
• calcio, kick.
• caldo, heat.
• calendrio, calendar.
• calligrafia, penmanship.
• calligrafo, calligrapher, writing-master.
• calma, tranquillity, mental quiet, calmness.
• calmare, to calm, quiet.
• calmo, calm, quiet.
• calore, m., heat, warmth, ardor.
• caloroso, ardent, animated.
• calpestare, to tread upon.
• calunnia, calumny, slander.
• calunniare, to calumniate, slander.
• calvo, bald.
• calzare, to put on, suit, fit.
• calzolaio, shoemaker.
• calzoni, m. pl., breeches, trousers.
• cambiamento, change.
• cambiare, to change.
• camera, chamber, room, apartment.
• camerata, m., comrade.
• cameretta, small room.
• camicia, shirt, chemise.
• camiciola, undershirt.
• Camillo, Camillus.
• camminare, to walk, travel.
• cammino, road, route, way, headway.
• campagna, country, estate.
• campana, bell.
• campanello, bell, doorbell.
• campanile, m., belfry, steeple.
• campo, field.
• canapè, m., sofa.
• canarino, canary bird.
• cancellata, railing, iron gate, grille.
• cancelliere, m., registrar.
• candeliere, m., chandelier.
• candido, candid, white.
• cane, m., dog.
• cangiare, to change.
• cantare, to sing, praise.
• canto, singing, song.
• cantoniere, track-hand, flagman.
• cantuccio, corner, hiding-place.
• canzonare, to ridicule, laugh at, make fun of.
• canzonatura, mockery, derision.
• capata, blow with the head.
• capelli, m. pl., hair.
• capire, to understand, be contained.
• capitale, m., capital, fund, stock.
• capitano, captain.
• capitare, to succeed, happen, arrive.
• capo, head, chief, leader, manager;
  • a —— fitto, headlong;
  • in —— a, at the end of.
• capo-fabbrica, manager.
• capostazione, station-agent.
• capovolgere, to overturn;
  • ——si, to capsize, upset.
• cappella, chapel.
• cappello, hat.
• capriccio, caprice.
• capriccioso, capricious.
• carattere, m., character, disposition, mark, letter.
• carena, keel of a ship.
• carezza, caress, attention.
• caricatura, caricature.
• carico, loaded.
• carino, dear, amiable.
• carità, charity;
  • per ——, I beg you.
• Carlo, Charles.
• carnagione, complexion, color.
• carne, f., flesh, meat.
• carnevale, m., carnival.
• caro, dear, beloved; dear one, dearness, high price;
  • aver ——, to like.
• carpino, hornbeam, yoke elm.
• carriera, career, course, race.
• carrozza, coach, carriage.
• carta, paper, page, card.
• casa, house, home, firm, establishment;
  • a ——, home.
• cascante, falling, overcome, loose, unfastened.
• cascare, to fall.
• cascata, cascade, waterfall.
• casetta, cottage, small house.
• caso, chance, case, accident, condition.
• casolare, m., old house, hut.
• cassa, drum.
• cassiere, m., cashier.
• castagno, chestnut, brown.
• castello, castle.
• catasta, pile, mass.
• catastrofe, f., catastrophe.
• catena, chain, iron band.
• catinella, basin, wash-basin.
• cattedra, chair, desk.
• cattiveria, malice.
• cattivo, bad, wretched, paltry, ill.
• cattivuccio, bad, mischievous.
• causeuse, f., causeuse, small sofa.
• cavaliere, cavalier, knight, chevalier, escort;
  • —— servente, lady's admirer, escort.
• cavalleggiero, light-horseman.
• cavalleria, cavalry.
• cavallino, colt, nag.
• cavallo, horse;
  • a ——, on horseback.
• cavare, to take, draw, pull, dig, draw out, get out.
• cavità, cavity.
• ce. See ci.
• cedere, to yield, give up.
• cedro, lemon.
• celato, concealed, hidden.
• celebre, celebrated, famous.
• celeste, blue.
• celiare, to jest, joke, quiz.
• cellulare, cellular.
• cencio, rag, tatter.
• cencioso, ragged, tattered.
• cenere, f., ashes.
• cenno, beck, nod, signal.
• centenario, centennial.
• centimetro, centimetre.
• centinaio, hundred.
• cento, hundred.
• centocinquanta, hundred and fifty.
• ceppo, trunk, stem.
• cera, face, look.
• cercare, to seek, search, look for, try.
• cerimonia, ceremony.
• certamente, certainly.
• certezza, certainty, assurance.
• certo, certain, some; certainly.
• cervellino, harebrained, heedless.
• cervello, brain.
• cervia, hind, fawn.
• cessare, to cease, discontinue.
• cetriolo, pumpkin.
• che, than, when, because, but, till, until; who, which, what, that;
  • non... che, only.
• chè, for.
• checchè, whatever.
• chi, who, whom, some, he who.
• chiacchierare, to chat.
• chiamare, to call, name;
  • ——si, to be named.
• chiapperello, trick, ruse.
• chiaro, clear, clearly.
• chiasso, noise, romping, frolic.
• chiave, f., key.
• chichirichì, m., crowing.
• chiedere, to ask, beg.
• chiese, pret. of chiedere.
• chilometro, kilometre.
• chinare, to bend, lower, bow;
  • —— il viso, to look down;
  • ——si, to stoop down, bow.
• chioma, leafy top, leaves.
• chirurgico, surgical.
• chiudere, to close, shut up, end.
• chiunque, anybody.
• chiuse, pret. of chiudere.
• chiuso, part. of chiudere; closed, covered.
• ci, there, here; to us, us.
• ciarla, chatter.
• ciascheduno, each, every one.
• ciascuno, each.
• cicerbita, sow-thistle.
• cieco, blind, dark.
• cielo, heaven, sky.
• cigolio, cracking, creaking.
• ciliegio, cherry.
• cilindro, high hat.
• cima, summit, top;
  • in —— a, to (at) the top of.
• cimiterio, cemetery.
• cingere, to surround, embrace.
• cinghia, girth, belt.
• cinquanta, fifty.
• cinque, five.
• cinta, enclosure.
• cinto, surrounded.
• ciò, that.
• ciocchè, what, that which.
• cioè, that is, namely.
• circondare, to surround.
• circonlocuzione, circumlocution, periphrasis.
• circostante, m., person present.
• circostanza, circumstance.
• citare, to cite, quote.
• città, city, town.
• cittadino, citizen.
• civetteria, coquetry, flirtation.
• clandestino, clandestine, secret.
• clarinetto, clarinet.
• classe, f., class, class-room.
• classificazione, classification, report.
• clero, clergy.
• cocchiere, coachman.
• coda, tail.
• codardo, cowardly.
• codazzo, cortège, procession.
• codesto. See cotesto.
• codice, m., code.
• codino, little tail.
• cogliere, to cull, pick, gather, catch.
• cognata, sister-in-law.
• cognome, m., cognomen, surname.
• colà, there.
• colazione, breakfast.
• colei, she, that woman.
• collana, necklace.
• colle, m., hill.
• collega, m., colleague, associate.
• collegio, college.
• collera, anger, passion.
• colletto, collar.
• collina, hill.
• collo, neck;
  • in ——, upon one's shoulders.
• collocare, to place.
• colmo, height.
• colomba, dove, pigeon.
• Colombo, Columbus.
• colonna, column, row.
• colonnello, colonel.
• colono, ploughman, farmer.
• colore, m., color;
  • pigliar ——, to succeed.
• coloro, those, they.
• colossale, colossal, huge.
• colpa, fault.
• colpevole, guilty, culpable.
• colpire, to strike, hit.
• colpo, blow, stroke;
  • —— di Stato, coup d'état.
• colsi, pret. of cogliere.
• coltello, knife.
• coltivato, cultivated, improved.
• coltivatore, m., ploughman, farmer.
• colto, part. of cogliere; cultivated, refined.
• coltura, cultivation.
• colui, that one, the one, he.
• comare, godmother.
• combattere, to combat, fight.
• come, as, like, as if, as it were, how, what;
  • n. m., way, manner.
• comico, comical, ludicrous, merry.
• cominciare, to commence.
• comitiva, retinue, company.
• commento, comment, remark.
• commercio, commerce.
• commesso, clerk.
• commiserare, to commiserate, pity.
• commosso, moved, affected.
• commozione, emotion.
• compagnia, company.
• compagn -o, -a, companion, mate.
• comparire, to appear.
• compatriota, m., compatriot.
• compendiare, to epitomize.
• compensare, to compensate, pay.
• compenso, compensation.
• comperare. See comprare.
• competente, competent, qualified.
• compiacente, amiable, kind, polite.
• compiacenza, complacency.
• compiangere, to pity, lament.
• compito, task, examination.
• compiuto, finished.
• complicato, complicated.
• componere. See comporre.
• comporre, to compose, dispose.
• composto, composition, mixture;
  • part. of comporre.
• comprare, to buy.
• comprendere, to understand.
• compresso, pressed, jammed.
• compunto, grieved.
• comune, common, public;
  • n. m., community, commune.
• comunemente, commonly.
• comunicare, to communicate.
• comunicazione, report.
• comunque, however.
• con, with.
• concedere, to concede, grant, give.
• concetto, conception, thought, idea.
• conchiuso, concluded, settled.
• conciare, to dress, adorn.
• concitato, hurried, rapid.
• concludere, to conclude.
• concorrere, to concur, co-operate.
• concorso, concourse, meeting, co-operation.
• condanna, condemnation.
• condannare, to condemn.
• condiscepolo, schoolfellow.
• condizione, condition.
• condotta, part. of condurre; conduct.
• conducere. See condurre.
• condurre, to conduct, lead, take.
• condusse, pret. of condurre.
• conferenza, lecture, meeting.
• confermare, to confirm.
• confessare, to confess.
• confidare, to confide.
• confidente, confident, confiding;
  • n. m. or f., confidant.
• confidenza, confidence.
• confondere, to confound, confuse;
  • ——si, to get confused.
• confronto, comparison.
• confuso, confused, abashed.
• congedo, dismissal, release.
• congiuntura, complication, crisis.
• congiurare, to conjure, conspire.
• congratulazione, congratulation.
• congresso, congress, assembly.
• conigliera, rabbit-warren.
• coniglio, rabbit.
• coniugi, m. pl., husband and wife.
• conoscente, m. or f., acquaintance.
• conoscenza, acquaintance.
• conoscere, to know, be acquainted with.
• conquistare, to conquer.
• consacrare, to devote.
• consegnare, to consign, give, hand over.
• conseguenza, consequence, inference.
• consenso, consent.
• consentire, to consent, allow.
• conservare, to keep, preserve.
• considerare, to consider.
• considerazione, consideration.
• considerevole, considerable, important.
• consigliare, to counsel, advise.
• consiglio, counsel, advice, council.
• consolare, to console, comfort.
• consolazione, consolation.
• console, consul.
• consorte, wife.
• consueto, accustomed, usual.
• consuetudine, custom, habit.
• consultare, to consult.
• consumare, to consume.
• contadin -o, -a, peasant, country-man or country-woman.
• contare, to count, reckon.
• contatto, contact, touch.
• contegno, aspect, behavior.
• contemplare, to contemplate, consider, behold.
• contemplativo, contemplative.
• contemplazione, contemplation.
• contemporaneo, contemporary.
• contendente, m. or f., antagonist.
• contenersi, to behave.
• contentezza, contentment, satisfaction.
• contento, content, satisfied.
• contessa, countess.
• continuare, to continue.
• continuo, continual.
• conto, account, reckoning.
• contraersi, to contract.
• contrariare, to oppose, thwart.
• contrarietà, tribulation, sorrow.
• contrario, contrary, adverse.
• contratto, contracted.
• contrito, contrite, penitent.
• contro, against.
• controllare, to control.
• conveniente, suitable, proper.
• convenienza, propriety.
• convenire, to suit, agree.
• convento, convent.
• conversazione, conversation.
• convertire, to convert.
• convincere, to convince.
• convinto, convinced.
• convoglio, train.
• coperta, deck.
• coperto, cover, shelter; covered.
• copia, abundance.
• copiare, to copy.
• coppia, couple, pair.
• coprire, to cover;
  • ——-si, to put on one's hat.
• coraggio, courage.
• coraggiosamente, courageously.
• corbelleria, trifle, folly, stupid thing.
• corbezzoli! indeed! heavens!
• corda, cord, string.
• cordialità, cordiality.
• cordialmente, cordially.
• coricarsi, to lie down.
• coro, chorus.
• corpicino, little body.
• corpo, body, corps.
• correggere, to correct.
• corrente, f., current.
• correre, to run, circulate.
• corretto, part. of correggere.
• corrispondente, m., correspondent.
• corrugare, to wrinkle.
• corsa, course, race, running.
• corse, pret. of correre.
• corsia, passage, aisle.
• corsivo, cursive, running.
• corso, part. of correre; course.
• corte, f., court.
• cortese, courteous.
• cortesia, courtesy, civility, politeness.
• cortile, m., court, yard.
• cortina, curtain.
• corto, short.
• cosa, thing, matter;
  • che ——, what.
• coscienza, conscience, conscientiousness.
• coscienzioso, conscientious.
• così, thus, so, as it were.
• cosidetto, so-called.
• cospetto, aspect, sight, view, face.
• cospicuo, conspicuous.
• costa, coast.
• costante, constant.
• costì, there.
• costretto, constrained, obliged.
• costringere, to force, oblige.
• costui, this one, this fellow.
• costume, m., custom, habit.
• cotesto, that, this.
• cotto, cooked; desperately.
• cozzo, clash;
  • dar di ——, to collide.
• cranio, cranium, skull.
• cravatta, cravat, necktie.
• creare, to create, form.
• creato, creation, the world.
• creatura, creature.
• crebbe, pret. of crescere.
• credere, to believe.
• cremisi, crimson.
• crescere, to increase, grow.
• cristallo, crystal.
• criterio, judgement, good sense.
• crocchio, party, circle.
• croce, f., cross, decoration.
• crostaceo, crustacean.
• crudele, cruel.
• crusca, bran.
• cucina, kitchen.
• cugin -o, -a, cousin.
• cuginetta, little cousin.
• cullare, to rock, lull, quiet.
• culto, worship, creed.
• cultura, culture.
• cuore, m., heart, courage, middle;
  • di ——, willingly.
• cura, care, solicitude.
• curarsi, to care for, mind, heed.
• curato, parson, priest.
• curiosità, curiosity.
• curioso, curious, inquisitive.
• curva, curve, contour, outline.
• cuscino, cushion.
• D.
• da, by, from. See I. note 10.
• dabbenaggine, f., stupidity.
• dabbene, good, upright.
• daccapo, again.
• dacchè, since.
• dama, lady.
• damascato, damask.
• danaro. See denaro.
• dannoso, harmful, injurious.
• dappertutto, everywhere.
• dapprima, at first.
• dare, to give, break out;
  • —— a divedere, to show;
  • —— di, to call.
• davanti, before, fore (of paws);
  • —— a, before.
• davvero, indeed, in truth.
• debbo, pres. of dovere.
• decidere, to decide;
  • ——si, to decide.
• decise, pret. of decidere.
• deciso, decided, resolved.
• decoro, decorum, dignity.
• deferenza, deference.
• definitivamente, definitely.
• degnarsi, to deign, condescend.
• degnazione, condescension.
• degno, worthy.
• deliberare, to decide.
• deliberazione, deliberation.
• delicato, delicate.
• delirio, delirium, raving.
• delizia, delight, pleasure.
• delizioso, delicious, delightful.
• deluso, deluded, deceived.
• demonio, demon, devil.
• denaro, money.
• dente, m., tooth.
• dentro, in, within.
• deperire, to pine away.
• deporre, to deposit, lay down.
• deposito, deposit, trust, charge.
• deposto, part. of deporre.
• deprimente, strict, rigorous.
• deputato, deputy, congressman.
• derivare, to spring, come.
• descrivere, to describe.
• descrizione, description.
• deserto, desert, wilderness; deserted.
• desiderare, to long for, desire.
• desiderio, desire, longing.
• desideroso, desirous.
• desinare, m., dinner.
• dessa, she, herself, the same.
• desso, he, himself, the same.
• destare, to awake, arouse.
• destinare, to destine, appoint.
• destino, destiny, fate.
• destra, right hand, side.
• destrezza, dexterity, agility.
• destro, right.
• dettare, to dictate.
• dette, pret. of dare.
• detto, part. of dire;
  • n. m., saying.
• deve, pres. of dovere.
• deviare, to deviate, go out of, turn aside.
• devo, pres. of dovere.
• di, of, in, than, from.
• di', imper. of dire.
• dia, subj. of dare.
• dialogo, dialogue, conference.
• diamante, m., diamond.
• diavolo, devil, fellow.
• dibattersi, to struggle.
• dibattimento, debate, contest, trial.
• dice, pres. of dire.
• dicendo, part. of dire.
• dicerto, certainly, surely.
• dicesse, imperf. subj. of dire.
• diceva(no), dicevo, imperf. ind. of dire.
• dichiarare, to declare.
• dichiarazione, declaration.
• diciotto, eighteen.
• dico, pres. of dire.
• diè, pret. of dare.
• dieci, ten.
• diede, pret. of dare.
• dietro (a), behind, after.
• difatti, in fact.
• difendere, to defend, protect.
• difetto, defect.
• difficile, difficult.
• difficoltà, difficulty.
• diffidenza, diffidence, distrust, suspicion.
• diffuso, diffuse.
• digiuno, fast, fasting.
• dimenare, to agitate, wave.
• dimenticare, to forget;
  • ——si, to forget.
• dimestichezza, familiarity.
• dimissione, f., resignation.
• dimodochè, so that.
• dimolto, much, very much.
• dimostrare, to demonstrate.
• dimostrazione, demonstration.
• dinanzi, before.
• dintorni, m. pl., environs.
• Dio, God;
  • per ——, for God's sake.
• dipendere (da), to belong to.
• dipoi, afterwards.
• dire, to say, tell;
  • oler ——, to mean, signify;
  • n. m., saying.
• direttamente, directly.
• direzione, management, direction.
• dirimpetto, opposite to.
• diritto, right.
• dirottamente, bitterly.
• dirotto, heavy, severe.
• disadorno, unadorned.
• disagiato, uncomfortable.
• disagio, trouble, fatigue;
  • stare a ——, to be uneasy.
• disamore, m., hatred.
• disastro, disaster.
• discendere, to descend, go down, come down.
• discesa, descent.
• discese, pret. of discendere.
• discinto, half dressed.
• discorrere, to discourse, talk.
• discorso, discourse, speech, talk, subject;
  • pl., words.
• discrepanza, discrepancy, difference.
• discreto, discreet, prudent.
• disegnare, to design, draw, trace.
• disegno, plan, project.
• disgrazia, misfortune, disaster;
  • per ——, unfortunately.
• disgraziato, unfortunate.
• disgustato, disgusted, displeased.
• disingannato, undeceived.
• disinganno, disillusion.
• disopra, m., the upper hand.
• disordinato, in disorder.
• disordine, m., disorder, confusion.
• dispaccio, despatch, telegram.
• disparato, unlike, unequal.
• disparte, apart, aside;
  • in ——-, aside.
• disperarsi, to despair, despond.
• disperatamente, desperately.
• disperato, desperate.
• disperazione, despair.
• dispetto; a —— di, in spite of.
• dispiacere, to displease;
  • mi dispiace, I am sorry;
  • n. m., affliction, displeasure.
• disponere, to dispose, prepare.
• disponibile, disposable, unoccupied.
• disposizione, disposition, arrangement.
• disposto, arranged, disposed.
• disprezzare, to despise.
• disprezzo, contempt, scorn.
• disse, pret. of dire.
• dissimulare, to dissemble, conceal.
• dissipare, to dissipate.
• distante, distant, removed.
• distanza, distance.
• distendere, to stretch, spread.
• distesa; a ——, uninterruptedly.
• distese, pret. of distendere.
• disteso, stretched out.
• distinguere, to distinguish.
• distratto, distracted.
• distruggere, to destroy.
• distrutto, destroyed.
• disturbare, to disturb.
• disubbidire, to disobey.
• dito (pl. f., dita), finger, finger's breadth.
• divano, divan, sofa.
• divedere. See dare.
• divenire, to become.
• diventare, to become.
• diversamente, differently.
• diverso, different, diverse.
• divertimento, diversion.
• divertire, to divert, enjoy.
• dividere, to separate.
• divisa, uniform.
• divisione, f., division, share.
• diviso, divided, separated.
• dobbiamo, pres. of dovere.
• doccia, gutter, eaves-trough, douche, shower-bath.
• dodici, twelve.
• dolce, sweet, gentle, mild, charming.
• dolcemente, softly, gently.
• dolcezza, sweetness, affability, charm.
• dolore, m., anguish, grief.
• doloroso, painful, sad.
• domanda, demand, question, request.
• domandare, to demand, ask;
  • (a, of).
• domani, to-morrow;
  • n. m., the morrow.
• domattina, to-morrow morning.
• domestico, domestic, servant.
• dondolare, to swing, toss.
• donna, woman, wife, lady.
• donzella, damsel, maid.
• dopo, then, afterwards, after, behind.
• dopodichè, after which.
• dopopranzo, evening.
• doppiamente, doubly.
• doppio, double.
• dorato, gilded, adorned.
• dormire, to sleep;
  • ——sene, to sleep.
• dorso, back.
• dose, f., dose, portion.
• dote, f., quality, dowry, gift.
• dotto, learned, erudite; learned man.
• dottore, m., doctor.
• Douvres, Dover.
• dove, where.
• dovere, to owe, must, ought, have to, be to;
  • n. m., duty.
• dozzina, dozen.
• drappello, troop, company.
• drappo, covering, veil, shroud.
• dritto, straight, straight forward.
• drizzarsi, to stand erect, tower.
• dubbio, doubt, suspicion.
• dubitare, to doubt, fear.
• due, two;
  • tutti e ——, both.
• dunque, then.
• durante, during.
• durare, to last, endure, suffer, undergo.
• duro, hard.
• E.
• e, and.
• è, pres. of essere.
• ebbe, pret. of avere.
• ebbene, well, very well.
• ebbrezza, intoxication, infatuation.
• eccellenza, excellency.
• eccesso, excess.
• eccettuare, to except.
• eccezione, exception.
• eccitare, to excite.
• ecco, here is, here are, there is, there are, behold.
• eco, echo.
• ed (before vowels), and.
• educare, to educate.
• educazione, education.
• effetto, effect.
• efficace, efficacious, forcible.
• effige, f., effigy, form, likeness, shadow.
• eguale, equal.
• eh, alas! eh?
• ehi, ah! I say!
• ei, for egli.
• elaborato, work, exercise, paper.
• elefante, m., elephant.
• elegante, elegant, distinguished, polished.
• elemosina, alms, charity.
• Elena, Helen.
• elettore, m., elector.
• elice, m., screw.
• elogio, eulogy, praise.
• eloquenza, eloquence.
• elucubrazione, lucubration, investigation.
• emancipato, emancipated.
• emergere, to emerge.
• emettere, to express, give out.
• emigrato, emigrant.
• emozione, emotion.
• endecasillabo, hendecasyllabic.
• enfasi, f., emphasis.
• entrambi, both.
• entrare, to enter.
• entusiasmo, enthusiasm.
• epoca, epoch.
• eppure, nevertheless.
• equazione, equation.
• equivalere, to amount to.
• era (no), imperf. of essere.
• erba, herb, grass.
• erborista, m., botanist.
• erborizzare, to botanize.
• eredità, inheritance.
• ereditare, to inherit.
• erezione, erection.
• ergastolo, prison, penitentiary.
• ermeticamente, hermetically.
• eroe, hero.
• errore, m., error, mistake.
• esagerare, to exaggerate.
• esalare, to breathe.
• esalazione, exhalation, odor.
• esaltazione, exaltation, excitement.
• esame, m., examination.
• esaminando, person to be examined.
• esaminare, to examine.
• esaurire, to exhaust.
• escire. See uscire.
• esclamare, to exclaim.
• esclamazione, exclamation.
• eseguire, to execute.
• esempio, example.
• esercitare, to exercise, perform.
• esercito, army.
• esercizio, exercise.
• esimere, to exempt, free.
• esistenza, existence.
• esitazione, hesitation.
• esito, success.
• espansivo, expansive, talkative.
• esperienza, experience.
• esplorare, to explore, find out.
• esposizione, exposition.
• espressione, f., expression.
• espressivo, expressive.
• espulsione, f., expulsion.
• essere, to be;
  • n. m., being.
• estate, f., summer.
• estatico, in ecstasy.
• esternare, to manifest, avow.
• esterrefatto, terrified.
• esteso, extended.
• estremo, extreme, last, farthest; extremity.
• esuberante, abundant, rich.
• esuberanza, exuberance.
• età, age.
• evidenza, evidence.
• evitare, to avoid.
• evviva, hurrah!
• F.
• fabbrica, building, manufactory.
• fabbricante, f., maker.
• fabbricare, to build, construct, make, manufacture.
• faccenda, business, occupation, work, duty.
• faccenduola, trifling affair, business.
• faccia, face;
  • pres. subj. of fare.
• faccio, pres. ind. of fare.
• facendo, part. of fare.
• facesse, imperf. subj. of fare.
• faceto, facetious.
• faceva, imperf. ind. of fare.
• facile, facile, easy.
• fai, pres. of fare.
• fallimento, failure, bankruptcy.
• fallo, fault, error.
• fama, fame.
• fame, f., hunger.
• famiglia, family.
• famoso, famous.
• fanale, m., ship's light.
• fanciulla, girl, young woman.
• fanciullo, child, boy.
• fango, mud, dirt, mire.
• fantasia, fancy, imagination.
• fantasticare, to muse.
• fantastico, fantastic, visionary.
• fare, to do, make, cause, excite; to stay, show, give, take, pack, finish, suit, fit, ask; to play, personate;
  • far ——, to have made;
  • —— da, to act as;
  • —— vedere, to show;
  • n. m., manner.
• farfalla, butterfly.
• farina, flour, meal.
• farmacista, m., apothecary.
• farragine, f., confused mass, medley.
• fata, fairy.
• fatalismo, fatalism.
• fatato, charmed.
• fatica, fatigue, difficulty.
• faticosamente, laboriously.
• faticoso, fatiguing, hard.
• fatto, part. of fare; fact, matter, business.
• favore, m., favor.
• favorevolmente, favorably.
• favorire, to favor with.
• favorito, favorite.
• fazzoletto, handkerchief.
• febbre, f., fever.
• febbrile, feverish.
• fece (ro), pret. of fare.
• felice, happy, fortunate, good.
• felicità, happiness.
• femmina, female, woman.
• femminino, feminine.
• fendere, to cleave.
• fenomeno, phenomenon.
• ferire, to wound.
• ferita, wound.
• ferito, wounded.
• fermare, to stop;
  • ——si, to stop.
• fermo, still, motionless.
• ferrato, bound with iron.
• ferro, iron, steel.
• ferrovia, railroad.
• ferroviario, of a railroad.
• fesso, cracked.
• festa, festival, banquet, holyday;
  • —— di (da) ballo, ball.
• fiacchezza, lassitude, weakness.
• fiaccola, torch, flambeau.
• fiamella, little flame.
• fiammifero, match.
• fiancheggiato, flanked, bordered.
• fianco, side, waist.
• fiatare, to breathe, speak.
• ficcarsi, to intrude, creep in.
• fidare, to trust, confide;
  • ——si, to trust to.
• fieno, hay.
• fieramente, ferociously.
• figlia, daughter.
• figlio, son.
• figliuola, daughter, girl.
• figliuolo, son, boy.
• figura, figure, appearance, form.
• figurare, to imagine, fancy.
• figuretta, little figure.
• fila, file, row, line.
• filo, wire, thread.
• filosofo, philosopher.
• filza, row, list.
• fin. See fine and fino.
• finalmente, finally, at last.
• finchè, until, as long as.
• fine, f., end.
• finestra, window.
• finezza, politeness, attention.
• fingere, to feign.
• finire, to finish, end.
• fino, fine, small, subtle, cunning; as far as, even, up to;
  • —— che, until.
• finta, feint, dissimulation, pretence.
• fioco, weak, faint, hoarse.
• fiore, m., flower, beauty.
• fiorentin -o, -a, Florentine.
• fiorito, covered with flowers.
• Firenze, f., Florence.
• fischio, whistling, whiz.
• fisica, physics.
• fisonomia, face, features.
• fissare, to gaze at, fix.
• fisso, fixed; steadily.
• fitto, fixed, thick, rapid; rapidly;
  • a capo ——, headlong.
• fiume, m., river.
• fiumiciattolo, little stream.
• flessuoso, flexible, supple.
• focolare, m., hearth, fireplace, home.
• foglia, leaf.
• foglietto, small sheet of paper.
• foglio, sheet of paper, newspaper.
• folla, crowd.
• folto, thick.
• fondo, bottom, depth, fund, background, distance;
  • dar —— a, to spend, waste.
• forense, forensic.
• forma, form, shape.
• formare, to form.
• formicolio, pricking.
• fornire, to furnish.
• fornito, furnished, supplied.
• forse, perhaps;
  • in ——, in doubt.
• forte, strong; bitterly, hard.
• fortuito, fortuitous.
• fortuna, fortune.
• fortunato, fortunate, lucky.
• forza, force, strength, power;
  • a —— di, by dint of;
  • far ——, to compel, force.
• forzato, excessive, severe.
• fosforescente, phosphorescent.
• fosse, subj. of essere.
• fosso, ditch.
• fosti, pret. of essere.
• fra, between, among, in, within, to.
• fracasso, noise, fracas.
• frammento, fragment.
• francamente, frankly.
• francese, French, Frenchman.
• Francia, France.
• frangere, to break.
• frantume, m., heap of fragments.
• frase, f., sentence, phrase, expression.
• frassino, ash-tree.
• frastuono, noise, din, uproar.
• fratello, brother.
• frattanto, in the meantime.
• freccia, arrow.
• frecciata, shot or wound from an arrow.
• freddamente, coldly, coolly.
• freddo, cold, lifeless;
  • aver ——, to be cold.
• frenare, to restrain, keep back.
• frequenza, frequency.
• freschezza, freshness.
• fresco, fresh, new.
• fretta, haste.
• frettoloso, in a hurry.
• frittata, omelet.
• frivolo, frivolous.
• frizzo, witty saying.
• fronda, leaf.
• fronte, f., forehead, front;
  • di ——, openly, directly;
  • di —— a, opposite.
• frutto, fruit.
• fu, pret. of essere.
• fucile, m., musket, gun.
• fuggevolmente, momentarily.
• fuggire, to flee, run away;
  • n. m., flight.
• fulmine, m., thunderbolt, lightning.
• fumare, to smoke.
• fune, f., rope.
• funebre, funereal.
• funerario, funereal.
• funicella, cord, string.
• funzione, function, duty.
• fuoco, fire.
• fuorchè, except.
• fuori, without, out of, out, outside.
• furbo, rogue, knave.
• furfante, m., rogue, rascal.
• furfanteria, knavery, trick.
• furia, fury, rage, haste;
  • a —— di, by dint of.
• furibondo, furious, mad.
• furioso, furious, raging.
• furono, pret. of essere.
• fusto, trunk.
• futuro, future.
• G.
• gabinetto, cabinet, study.
• gagliardo, strong, robust.
• gaio, gay, merry.
• gala, finery, gala;
  • di ——, fashionable.
• galante, gallant, polite.
• galanteria, politeness.
• galantuomo, honest man, well-bred man.
• galla; a ——, floating, afloat, to the surface.
• galleria, gallery.
• gallo, cock, rooster.
• gallonare, to lace, trim.
• galoppo, gallop.
• gamba, leg.
• gambero, crab, lobster.
• garbatezza, politeness, attention.
• garofano, carnation, pink.
• garrulo, garrulous, talkative.
• Gaspare, Jasper.
• gatta, gatto, cat.
• gazzetta, gazette, newspaper.
• gelare, to freeze, congeal.
• gemello, twin.
• gemito, groaning, hissing, groan.
• generazione, generation.
• genere, m., genus, kind, race.
• genero, son-in-law.
• genio, genius, inclination;
  • di suo ——, to her liking.
• genitori, m. pl., parents.
• Genova, Genoa.
• gente, f., people.
• gentile, polite, kind, affable, gentle, genteel.
• gentilezza, affability, gentleness.
• gentiluomo, nobleman, gentleman.
• geranio, geranium.
• germogliato, budded, grown.
• geroglifico, hieroglyphic.
• gesso, chalk.
• gesticolare, to gesticulate.
• gestire, to gesticulate.
• gesto, gesture, attitude.
• gettare, to throw, cast.
• ghinghero, finery.
• già, already, truly, certainly, yes, indeed.
• giacchè, since.
• Giacomo, James.
• giacchetta, jacket.
• giallo, yellow.
• giammai, never, ever.
• giardiniera, jardinière.
• giardino, garden.
• gigante, giant.
• gigantesco, gigantic.
• giocare. See giuocare.
• gioco. See giuoco.
• gioja, joy.
• giornale, m., newspaper, journal.
• giornaliero, daily.
• giornata, day.
• giorno, day.
• giovane, young; young man or woman;
  • pl., young people.
• giovanett -o, -a, young person, young gentleman or lady.
• giovanile, youthful.
• giovare, to aid, help.
• gioventù, youth.
• giovine. See giovane.
• giovinetto. See giovanetto.
• giovinezza, youth.
• giovinotto. See giovanetto.
• girare, to turn, revolve.
• giro, turn, rotation, walk, stroll;
  • in ——, about, around.
• gironzare, to wander, buzz.
• giù, down;
  • in ——, downwards, down.
• giubba, jacket, coat.
• giudicare, to judge.
• giudice, m., judge.
• giudizio, judgment, opinion, prudence.
• giugno, June.
• Giulia, Julia.
• Giulietta, Juliet.
• giungere, to arrive, reach, succeed.
• giunse, pret. of giungere.
• giunta, arrival, addition;
  • part. of giungere;
  • per ——, even, in addition.
• giuocare, to play.
• giuoco, game, trick, feat.
• giurare, to swear, promise.
• giurato, juror, juryman.
• giureconsulto, jurisconsult.
• giurì, m., jury.
• giurisprudenza, jurisprudence, law.
• giusto, just, precisely, indeed.
• glaciale, icy, chilly.
• globo, globe, sphere, orb.
• gloria, glory.
• glorioso, glorious, proud.
• goccia, drop.
• gocciolone, m., large drop.
• godere, to rejoice, be glad.
• gola, throat, desire, longing;
  • come in ——, as a pocket.
• Golia, Goliath.
• gomito, elbow.
• gonfio, swollen.
• gorgoglio, gurgling.
• gotico, gothic.
• governare, to govern, direct.
• governo, government.
• gradatamente, gradually.
• gradino, step.
• gradire, to accept with pleasure.
• grado, degree, rank, grade, state;
  • a —— a ——, little by little.
• granaio, granary, loft.
• grande, great, grand, large, tall.
• grandezza, greatness.
• grandine, f., hail.
• granellino, small grain.
• grano, grain, wheat.
• grappolo, bunch of grapes.
• gratificazione, gratuity.
• grave, grave, serious.
• gravità, gravity, seriousness.
• grazia, grace, satisfaction, pleasure, favor;
  • pl., thanks.
• grazietta, grace, charm.
• grazioso, graceful, agreeable.
• grembiale, m., apron.
• gridare, to cry, shout.
• gridio, clamor.
• grido (pl. f., grida), cry, shriek.
• grigio-topo-rasato, smooth mouse-gray.
• grondaja, gutter.
• grondare, to drop, drip.
• grosso, big, huge, incredible.
• grullo, sleepy, drowsy; sleepy-head, dullard.
• gua! indeed! well! why!
• guadagnare, to gain, earn, reach.
• guadagno, gain.
• guaio, woe, calamity, misfortune.
• guancia, cheek.
• guanto, glove.
• guardaportone, porter, guard.
• guardare, to look at, behold, look, guard.
• guardaroba, wardrobe.
• guarire, to cure.
• guazzabuglio, medley.
• guerra, war.
• guida, rail.
• guidare, to guide, lead.
• guizzo, flashing.
• gusto, taste, fashion, satisfaction.
• H.
• ha,
• hai,
• pres. of avere.
• hanno,
• ho,
• I.
  • ier l'altro, day before yesterday.
• Iddio, God.
• idea, idea, view.
• idiopatico, idiopathic.
• ieri, yesterday;
• iersera, last night.
• ignaro, ignorant, unconscious.
• ignorare, not to know.
• ignoto, unknown.
• ignudo, naked.
• ilarità, hilarity, gayety.
• illuminare, to illuminate, enlighten.
• illuminazione, illumination.
• illustrato, illustrated.
• illustre, illustrious.
• imbalsamato, balmy.
• imbandire, to serve up.
• imbarcare, to embark, ship.
• imbarcazione, boat.
• imbecille, imbecile.
• imboccare, to enter.
• imbroglione, m., meddler.
• imitare, to imitate.
• immaginare, to imagine, fancy.
• immaginario, imaginary.
• immaginazione, imagination.
• immagine, f., image, figure.
• immane, enormous, huge.
• immensità, immensity.
• immenso, immense, great.
• immerso, immersed, plunged.
• immobile, still, motionless.
• impadronirsi, to take possession (of).
• impallidire, to turn pale.
• impappinarsi, to get confused, bewildered.
• imparare, to learn.
• impaurire, to frighten.
• impaziente, impatient.
• impazienza, impatience.
• impazzata; all'——, like mad.
• impazzire, to go mad.
• impedire, to hinder, prevent.
• impennarsi, to rear.
• impensierirsi, to become pensive, think seriously.
• impensierito, in deep thought, pensive.
• impercettibile, imperceptible.
• imperioso, imperious.
• impermeabile, impervious.
• imperversare, to rage.
• impeto, fury, violence.
• impetuoso, impetuous, violent.
• impiantito, inlaying, inlaid floor.
• impicciarsi, to meddle.
• impiccio, trouble, perplexity.
• impiegato, employee.
• impiego, office.
• impietosito, moved to pity.
• imporre, to impose.
• importanza, importance.
  • all'——, d'——, unexpectedly.
• importare, to be of consequence, signify, amount to.
• imprecazione, imprecation, curse.
• improvvisato, improvised.
• improvviso, unexpected, sudden;
• imputato, the accused, defendant.
• in, in, into.
• inabissarsi, to plunge down, sink.
• inalterabile, unalterable.
• inalzare, to raise, lift.
• inaridire, to wither, harden.
• inaspettato, unexpected.
• inasprire, to exasperate, irritate.
• inaugurazione, unveiling.
• incalzare, to pursue, go on.
• incanto, enchantment, magic, charm.
• incaricare, to charge, command, burden.
• incarico, charge, duty, office.
• incentivo, incentive, stimulus.
• inceppare, to encumber.
• incertezza, uncertainty, suspense.
• incespicare, to stumble.
• inchiesta, search, inquest.
• inchino, bow, salutation.
• inchiodato, nailed, fastened.
• inciampare, to stumble, trip.
• incimurrito, affected with glanders.
• inclinazione, inclination.
• incognita, unknown quantity.
• incollato, glued, matted.
• incombenza, commission, charge.
  • —— a, to meet; meeting.
• incominciare, to begin, commence.
• inconscio, unconscious.
• incontrare, to meet.
• incontro, against, towards;
• incoraggiare, to encourage.
• incorruttibile, incorruptible.
• incorruttibilità, incorruptibility.
• indi, then.
• indiavolato, furious, fearful.
• indicare, to indicate.
• indicatore, m., time table, guide.
• indifferenza, indifference.
• indignazione, indignation.
• indipendenza, independence.
• indirizzare, to address.
• indisciplinato, unruly.
• indiscrezione, indiscretion.
• indispettirsi, to be piqued, provoked.
• indisposto, indisposed, ill.
• indistintamente, without distinction.
• indistinto, indistinct.
• indole, f., nature, disposition
• indolentemente, listlessly.
• indolenzito, benumbed.
• indomani, m., next day.
• indossare, to put on.
• indovinare, to divine, conjecture.
• indugio, delay.
• industria, industry.
• inebetito, dazed.
• inedito, inedited, unpublished.
• ineguale, unequal, uneven.
• inesauribile, inexhaustible.
• inesorabile, inexorable.
• infanzia, infancy, childhood.
  • d'——, terrible.
• infatti, in fact, indeed.
• infelice, unhappy.
• infernale, infernal, terrible.
• inferno, hell;
• infervorarsi, to become animated.
• infilare, ——si, to put on, pull on.
• infine, finally.
• infinitamente, infinitely.
• infinito, infinite, endless.
• influenza, influence.
• informare, to inform, tell, give information.
  • all'—— di, except.
• informazione, information.
  • ——si, to be mistaken.
• informe, shapeless.
• infranto, broken.
• infuori, out, without;
• ingannare, to deceive;
• inganno, deception, mistake.
• ingegnarsi, to try, strive.
• ingegno, ability, skill, talent, genius.
• ingenuità, ingenuousness.
• ingenuo, ingenuous, candid.
• Inghilterra, England.
• inglese, English, Englishman, Englishwoman.
• ingoiare, to ingulf.
• ingombro, encumbered.
• ingrato, ungrateful.
• ingrosso, by wholesale.
• inimicizia, enmity, hostility.
• iniziale, f., initial.
• innalzare. See inalzare.
• innamorare, to captivate.
• innamorato, in love.
• innanzi, before.
• innegabile, undeniable.
• inno, hymn.
• innocentemente, innocently.
• inoltrare, to forward.
• inquantochè, since, as.
• inquieto, uneasy, restless.
• inquietudine, inquietude, uneasiness.
• insanguinato, covered with blood.
• insaputa; a sua ——, without his knowledge.
• insegnamento, instruction, teaching.
• insegnante, m., teacher, instructor.
• insegnare, to teach.
• inserire, to insert.
• inserviente, m., assistant, subordinate, employee.
• insetto, insect.
• insieme (a), in company with; together.
• insistente, persistent.
• insistenza, insistence.
• insistere, to insist, persist.
• insolito, unusual.
• insomma, in fine, in short.
• insonnito, sleepy, drowsy.
• insorgere, to arise.
• insorto, part. of insorgere.
• inspirare, to inspire.
• intaglio, cut, carving.
  • s'intende, of course;
  • ——si di, to understand.
• intanto (che), while, in the mean time, however.
• intascare, to pocket.
• intellettuale, intellectual.
• intendere, to understand, intend, hear;
• intenerirsi, to be moved, affected.
• intenerito, softened, moved, affected.
• intenso, intense.
• intento, intent, attentive.
• intenzione, intention, purpose.
• interamente, entirely.
• interesse, m., interest.
• interlocutore, m., interlocutor.
• interno, interior, inside.
• intero, entire, complete.
• interprete, m., interpreter.
• interrogare, to question.
• interrogativo, questioning.
• interrompere, to interrupt.
• interrotto, interrupted, discontinued.
• interruppe, pret. of interrompere.
• intervenire, to be present.
• intervento, intervention, mediation.
• intese, pret. of intendere.
• inteso, part. of intendere.
• intiero. See intero.
  • —— a, concerning, around.
• intimo, intimate, inmost.
• intitolato, entitled.
• intollerante, intolerant.
• intorno, round about, about;
• intorpidito, benumbed.
• intrattenersi, to while away the time.
• intrecciare, to intertwine.
• intrecciato, clasped, folded.
• intrigante, m. or f., intriguer.
• intrinseco, intimate.
• intrinsichezza, intimacy, friendship.
• intristire, to sadden.
• intronare, to stun.
• inusitato, unusual.
• inutile, useless.
• invano, in vain.
• invece, instead, on the other hand.
• inventare, to invent.
• invernetto, winter.
• inverno, winter.
• invero, in truth.
• investire, to fall upon, strike.
• invidia, envy.
• invidiare, to envy.
• invigilare, to watch.
• invitare, to invite.
• invitato, guest.
• invito, invitation.
• invocare, to invoke, implore.
• inzaccherare, to splash, cover with mud.
• inzuppato, drenched, soaked.
• ipocondriaco, hypochondriac.
• ipoteca, mortgage.
• iracondo, angry.
• ironia, irony.
• ironico, ironical.
• irrequieto, restless.
• irritare, to irritate.
• irritato, irritated.
• iscendere. See scendere.
• iscritto. See scritto.
• iscrizione, inscription.
• isguaiato, gushing, insipid.
• isolato, isolated.
• ispeciale, special.
• ispirazione, inspiration.
• isquisito. See squisito.
• istante, m., instant, moment.
• istanza, prayer, entreaty, request.
• istinto, instinct, inclination.
• istituto, institute, institution.
• istituzione, institution.
• istoria. See storia.
• istrada. See strada.
• istupidito, stupefied, amazed.
• isvenevole, awkward, stupid.
• Italia, Italy.
• italiano, Italian.
  • di ——, that way, beyond.
• iterato, repeated.
• ivi, there.
• L.
• là, there;
• labbra, f. pl., lips.
• laborioso, laborious.
  • al ——! stop thief!
• lacchè, lackey, footman.
• lacero, in rags.
• laconico, laconic, concise.
• ladro, thief; thievish;
• laggiù, down there, yonder.
• lagnarsi, to complain.
• lago, lake.
• lagrima, tear.
• lampada, lamp.
• lampeggiare, to lighten.
• lampo, flash of lightning, appearance, trace.
• lana, wool.
• lancia, boat.
• lanciare, to cast, throw.
• languire, to languish, lag.
• lanterna, lantern, lighthouse.
• Lapponia, Lapland.
• largamente, abundantly.
• largo, broad, wide, large, extended; breadth, room.
• lasciare, to leave, allow, let, give up.
• lassù, up there.
• lastra, slab, board.
• lato, side.
• lattaio, milkman.
• laurea, degree of doctor.
• lavare, to wash.
• lavorare, to work.
• lavoro, work, labor.
• lealmente, loyally, faithfully.
• lecito, lawful, permitted.
• legale, legal, of law, in law.
• legare, to bind.
• legge, f., law, rule.
• leggere, to read.
• leggerezza, lightness, agility.
• leggermente, lightly.
• leggero, light, slight.
• leggiadramente, gracefully.
• leggiadro, pretty, graceful.
• leggicchiare, to read a little, read badly.
• legna, wood, firewood.
• legno, wood.
• lembo, hem, edge, skirt.
• lena, breath, strength.
• lento, slow.
• lenzuolo, sheet.
  • belle lettere, belles-lettres.
• leone, m., lion.
• lesse, pret. of leggere.
• lesto, nimble, quick.
• lettera, letter;
• letteratura, literature.
• letto, bed.
• lettore, m., reader.
  • —— per ——, here and there.
• lettura, lecture, reading.
• levare, to lift, raise, take off.
• lezione, lesson.
• lì, there, thither;
• liberare, to free.
• liberatrice, f., deliverer.
• liberazione, liberation.
• libero, free, clear, fresh.
• libertà, liberty.
• libro, book.
• licenza, permission.
• lietamente, joyously, gladly.
• lieto, merry, joyful, glad, gay.
• lieve, light.
• ligure, Ligurian, Genoese.
• limitare, to limit.
• linea, line.
• lingua, tongue, language.
• linguaggio, language.
• lira, silver coin worth 20 soldi; lyre.
• liscio, polished, smooth.
• livore, m., hatred, spite.
• Livorno, Leghorn.
• livrea, livery.
• lodarsi, to be well satisfied.
• lodevolmente, commendably, laudably.
  • da ——, at a distance.
• Lombardia, Lombardy.
• lombardo, Lombard, of Lombardy.
• longitudinalmente, lengthwise.
• lontano, distant, far off, away;
• lotta, struggle.
• lotto, game of chance, lottery.
• luccicare, to shine, glisten.
• luce, f., light.
• lucertola, lizard.
• lucido, bright, shining.
• lugubre, mournful, sad, lugubrious.
• lugubremente, lugubriously.
• lume, m., light.
  • a ——, at length.
• luminoso, luminous, shining.
• luna, moon.
• lungamente, at length, a long while.
• lungo, long, along;
• luogo, place.
• lusinghiero, flattering.
• lusso, luxury, pomp.
• lustrare, to polish, shine.
• M.
• ma, but, why.
• macchina, machine, engine.
• macchinalmente, mechanically.
• macchinista, m., engineer.
• madamigella, Miss.
• madre, mother.
• maestà, majesty.
• maestro, teacher, instructor.
• magazzino, warehouse, store.
• maggioranza, majority.
• maggiore, elder, eldest, greater.
• maggiorente, chief man.
• maggiormente, more, much more.
• magistrato, magistrate, judge.
• magistratura, magistracy, body of judges.
• magnanimità, magnanimity.
• magnifico, magnificent, grand.
• mai, ever, never.
• malanno, misfortune, calamity.
• malaticcio, sickly.
• malato, diseased, sick, ill; sick man.
• malattia, malady, disease.
• malaugurato, unlucky, unfortunate.
• malcapitato, unhappy, unlucky.
• malconcio, in a bad condition.
• male (mal), badly, poorly, wrongly; evil, ill, harm, malady.
• maledetto, cursed, hateful.
• maledizione, malediction, curse.
• malessere, m., uncomfortableness.
• malgrado, in spite of.
• maligno, malicious, mischievous.
• malinconia, melancholy, sadness.
• malinconico, melancholy.
• malincuore; a ——, against one's will.
• malo, bad, unfair.
• malumore, m., bad humor.
• manata, handful.
• mancare, to want, lack, fail.
• mancia, gratuity, fee, tip.
• mandare, to send, order, throw, emit, heave.
• mangiare, to eat.
• manica, sleeve.
• Manica, English Channel.
• manichino, ruffle.
• manicomio, lunatic asylum.
• manicotto, muff.
• maniera, manner, way, rate.
• manifestare, to declare.
• manifestazione, manifestation.
• mano, f., hand.
• manoscritto, manuscript; in writing.
• manovra, manœuvre.
• mantello, mantle, cloak.
• mantenere, to keep, maintain.
• mantice, m., top (of carriage).
• manto, mantle, veil.
• maraviglia, wonder, marvel, amazement.
• marcare, to mark.
• marchesa, marchioness.
• marchese, marquis.
• marchesina, young marchioness.
• marchesino, young marquis.
• marcia, march.
• marciapiede, m., platform, walk.
  • ——si, to get married.
• mare, m., sea.
• margine, m., margin, edge.
• marinaio, sailor.
• maritare, to marry, give in marriage;
• marito, husband.
• marittimo, maritime.
  • in ——, in a body.
• Marta, Martha.
• mascherare, to mask, disguise.
• maschio, male.
• massa, mass;
• massiccio, massive, solid.
• massimo, greatest.
• matematica, mathematics.
• materassa, mattress.
• materia, matter, subject.
• materno, maternal.
• matrigna, stepmother.
• matrimonio, marriage, matrimony.
• mattina, morning.
• mattinata, morning, forenoon.
• mattiniero, early.
• matto, mad, insane.
• maturo, ripe, mature, advanced.
• medaglia, medal.
• medesimo, same.
  • alla ——, as well as one can.
• medico, physician, doctor.
• meditare, to consider.
• meditazione, meditation.
  • a ——, by heart.
• meglio, better, best; best part;
  • —— vita, to live.
• membro (pl. f., membra), member, limb.
  • non di ——, nevertheless.
• memore, mindful.
• memoria, memory;
• menare, to lead, guide, take;
• meno, less, least, except;
• mensa, table.
• mente, f., mind.
• mento, chin.
• mentre, while.
• meraviglia. See maraviglia.
• meravigliarsi, to be astonished.
• meraviglioso, marvellous.
• mercante, m., merchant.
• mercantile, merchant.
• mercatino, huckster.
• merenda, collation, repast.
• meridionale, southern.
• meritare, to merit, deserve.
• merito, merit, reward.
• mescere, to mingle.
• meschino, miserable, poor.
• meschinuccio, trifling.
• mescolarsi, to intermeddle, interfere.
• mescolato, mixed, mingled.
• mese, m., month.
• messa, part. of mettere; mass.
• messe, pret. of mettere.
  • a ——, half-way.
• messo, part. of mettere.
• mestiere, m., trade, business.
  • —— si a, to begin to.
• meta, goal.
• metà, half;
  • in —— a, in the centre of.
• metro, metre.
• mettere, to put, put on, place, set, utter;
• mezzanotte, f., midnight.
• mezzo, half, middle, midst, means;
• miagolio, mewing.
• mica, at all.
• microscopio, microscope.
• mietitore, m., reaper.
• migliaia, thousands.
• miglio (pl. f., miglia), mile.
• migliorare, to improve.
• migliore, better, best.
• Milano, Milan.
• militare, military.
• milizia, war, militia, army.
• mille, thousand, great number.
• minaccia, menace, threat.
• minacciare, to threaten, forebode.
• minacciato, threatened.
• minchione, m., blockhead, fool.
• minimo, least, smallest, very small.
• ministero, ministry, administration, office.
• ministro, minister.
• minore, younger, youngest.
• minuto, minute.
• miracolo, miracle.
• mirare, to behold, look at.
• misantropo, misanthropist.
• mise, pret. of mettere.
• misericordia, mercy.
• misero, miserable, wretched.
• mistero, mystery, secret.
• misto, mixed.
• misura, measure.
• misurare, to measure.
• mobile, m., piece of furniture.
• mobilia, furniture.
  • a ogni ——, at any rate, however.
• moda, fashion, style.
• modestia, modesty.
• modista, milliner.
• modo, mode, manner, way, fashion;
• mogio, dull, stupid.
• moglie, wife.
• molestare, to disturb, annoy.
• molla, spring, catch.
• mollusco, mollusk.
  • —— contante, ready money, cash.
• molto, much, many, very.
• mondo, world.
• monello, boy, urchin, rogue.
• moneta, money, coin, change;
• montagna, mountain.
• montano, mountain.
• montare, to mount, get up, get into.
• monte, m., mountain, mass, great number.
• moribondo, dying.
• morire, to die.
  • part. of morire.
• mortale, mortal, deadly.
• mortaretto, firecracker.
• morte, f., death.
• morto, dead; dead body;
• mosca, fly.
• mosse, pret. of muovere.
• mostrare, to show, expose to view.
• motivo, motive, cause, reason.
• motteggio, jest, badinage.
• movere. See muovere.
• movimento, movement.
• mucchio, heap, pile.
• muggire, to roar.
  • ——si, to stir, start.
• mugnajo, miller.
• mulino, mill.
• municipio, municipality.
• muovere, to move;
• muro, wall.
• musica, music, band.
• mutare, to change.
• muto, silent, speechless.
• N.
• Napoli, Naples.
• narrazione, narration, recital.
• nascente, growing, developing.
• nascere, to be born, appear, arise.
• nascondere, to hide, conceal.
• nascose, pret. of nascondere.
• nascosto, part. of nascondere.
• naso, nose.
• nativo, native.
• nato, born.
• natura, nature.
• naturalezza, naturalness, ease.
• naturalista, m., naturalist.
• naturalmente, naturally.
• naufragio, shipwreck.
• naufrago, shipwrecked person.
• nave, f., ship.
• nazionale, national.
• ne, of it, of them, any, some; to us, us.
• nè, neither, nor.
• neanche, neither, not even.
• nebbia, fog, mist.
• necessario, necessary.
• necessità, necessity.
• necrologia, obituary.
• negare, to deny.
• negoziante, m., merchant.
• neh, eh! what?
• nemico, enemy; hostile.
• nemmeno, even, not even.
• nenia, dirge, mournful ditty.
• neo, patch for the face, beauty-spot.
• neppure, not even, neither, nor.
• nerboruto, sinewy, muscular.
• nero, black, dark.
• nervo, nerve.
• nervoso, nervous.
• nessuno, nobody, no, none.
• netto, clear.
• neurosi, f., neurosis.
• nicchiare, to hide, settle.
• nido, nest, dwelling-place.
• niente, nothing.
• nipote, nephew, niece.
• nobile, noble.
• nobiltà, nobility, aristocracy.
• nocca, knuckle.
• nocciolo, stone (of a fruit).
• nodo, knot.
• noia, trouble, vexation.
• noioso, tedious, wearisome.
• nome, m., name.
• non, not.
• nondimeno, nevertheless.
• nord, m., north.
• norma, rule, pattern, safeguard.
• nota, note, remark, accent, mark.
• notaio, notary.
• notare, to note, remark, notice.
• notevole, notable.
• notizia, news.
• noto, known.
• notte, f., night.
• notturno, nocturne.
• novella, news.
• novelliere, m., story-writer.
• novello, new, recent.
• novizio, inexperienced.
• nozze, f. pl., wedding, marriage.
• nube, f., cloud.
• nubile, marriageable.
• nudo, bare, uncovered.
• nulla, m., nothing, anything; none, not at all.
• numero, number.
• numeroso, numerous.
• nuora, daughter-in-law.
• nuotare, to swim.
• nuotata, stroke.
• nuotatore, m., swimmer.
  • di ——, again.
• nuoto, swimming.
• nuovamente, again.
• nuove, f. pl., news.
• nuovo, new, fresh, following;
• nutrito, sustained, maintained.
• nuvol -o, -a, cloud.
• nuvoloso, cloudy.
• O.
• o, either, or; oh!
• obbedire, to obey.
• obbligare, to oblige.
• obbligo, obligation, duty.
• oca, goose.
• occhiata, glance, look.
• occhiatina, slight glance.
• occhio, eye.
• occidente, m., west.
• occorrente, requisite, needful.
• occorrere, to be necessary, needed.
• occupare, to occupy.
• occupazione, occupation.
• odiare, to hate.
• odio, hatred.
• offeso, offended.
• officiosamente, courteously.
  • —— tanto, every now and then.
• offrire, to offer.
• offuscare, to cloud, dim.
• oggi, to-day.
• ogni, every, each, all;
• ognuno, everybody, every one.
• ohibò! no matter! never mind!
• Olandese, Dutch woman.
• olio, oil.
• oltre, more than.
• oltrepassare, to pass beyond.
• omaccione, big, heavy man.
• omaggio, homage, respect.
• ombra, shadow, shade.
• ombrellino, parasol.
• ombrello, umbrella.
• ombrellone, m., large umbrella.
• onda, wave.
• ondata, surge, wave.
• onde, whence, wherefore, therefore.
• onestà, honesty, honor.
• onestamente, honestly, respectably.
• onesto, honest, chaste, just.
• onorato, honored.
• onore, m., honor.
• onorificenza, honor.
  • ——si, to offer resistance.
• opaco, opaque, obscure.
• operatore, m., operator, surgeon.
• operoso, active, diligent.
• opporre, to oppose;
• opportuno, expedient.
• oppose, pret. of opporre.
• opposizione, opposition.
• opposto, opposite.
• oppressione, f., oppression, stifling, difficulty.
• ora (or), now; hour.
• orciuolo, pitcher, jug, jar.
• orco, ogre.
• ordinare, to order, command.
• ordinariamente, usually.
• ordinario, ordinary, usual.
• ordine, m., order.
  • —— francese, of French extraction.
• orecchi -o, -a, ear.
• orgoglioso, proud, haughty.
• origine, f., origin, source.
• oriundo, native, original;
• orizzonte, m., horizon.
• ormai, now, henceforward.
• ornare, to adorn.
• ornato, ornament; ornate.
• oro, gold.
• orribile, horrible, fearful.
• orrore, m., horror.
• orsù! come now! come on!
• ortica, nettle, malicious person.
• orto, garden, kitchen-garden.
• osare, to dare.
• oscillare, to oscillate, tremble.
• ospedale, m., hospital, asylum.
• ospitalità, hospitality.
• ospizio, asylum.
• osservare, to observe.
• osservazione, observation.
• ostacolo, obstacle.
• osteggiare, to attack.
• ostinarsi, to be obstinate, persist.
• ostinatello, rather obstinate, stubborn.
• ostrica, oyster.
• ottenere, to obtain, succeed.
• ottimo, excellent.
• otto, eight.
• ottobre, m., October.
• ove, where.
• ovo (pl. f., ova), egg.
• P.
• pace, f., peace.
  • —— di casa, landlady.
• Padova, Padua.
• padovano, Paduan, of Padua (near Venice).
• padre, father.
• padrona, mistress, lady;
• padrone, master, proprietor.
• paesano, country.
• paese, m., country, region, place.
• paesello, village.
• pagare, to pay.
• pagina, page.
• paglia, straw.
• pajo, pair, couple.
• paiono, pres. of parere.
• palazzo, palace.
• palco, box in a theatre.
• palla, musket-ball, bullet.
• pallido, pallid, pale, wan.
• pallottola, small hard ball.
• palo, pole.
• palpebra, eyelid.
• palpitare, to palpitate, tremble.
• palpito, palpitation.
• panca, bench, seat.
  • pl., clothes.
• pandette, f. pl., pandects.
• pane, m., bread.
• panierino, small basket.
• panno, cloth;
• pannolino, linen handkerchief.
• par, pres. of parere.
• parco, park.
  • n. m., opinion.
• parecchi, m. pl., several.
• parentela, relationship.
  • al —— di, as also (was), like;
  • di —— a ——, as an equal.
• parenti, m. pl., relatives.
• parere, to seem, appear;
• parete, f., wall.
• pari, equal, like, same;
  • n. m., speech, language.
• parigino, Parisian.
• parimente, likewise, equally.
• parlamento, parliament, congress.
• parlare, to speak, talk;
• parlatore, m., speaker, orator.
• parola, word, sentence, speech, permission to speak.
  • da —— sua, from him, in his name;
  • da —— mia, for my part;
  • da quella ——, in that direction;
  • far —— a, to share with.
• parroco, parson, rector.
• parrucca, wig.
  • adj., particular, peculiar.
• parso, part. of parere.
• parte, f., part, side, hand;
• partenza, departure.
• particolare, m., particular, detail;
• partire, to set out, depart, leave, start.
• partito, match, course, resolve.
• parve, pret. of parere.
• passaggio, passage.
• passare, to pass, go by.
• passatempo, pastime, diversion.
• passato, past.
• passeggero. See passeggiero.
• passeggiare, to walk, drive.
• passeggiata, walk, drive.
• passeggiero, passenger.
• passeggio, walk.
• passerotto, young sparrow.
• passivo, passive, unresisting.
• passo, pace, step.
• pasta, paste, dough, material.
• pastoia, fetter, impediment.
• paterno, paternal.
• patetico, pathetic.
• patibolo, gibbet, gallows.
• patire, to suffer, endure.
  • aver ——, to be afraid.
• patria, country, native land.
• patriotta, m., patriot.
• patto, bargain, condition.
• paura, fear;
• pauroso, timid, mistrustful, fearful.
• pavimento, pavement, floor.
• paziente, m., patient.
  • che ——! what a pity!
• pazienza, patience.
• pazzia, folly, extravagance, insanity, madness.
• pazzo, mad, fond, crazy; madman.
• peccato, sin, fault, pity;
• pece, f., pitch, tar.
• pecora, sheep.
• pedata, footstep.
• peggio, worse, worst.
• pelame, m., hair, color of hair.
• pelle, f., skin.
• pena, trouble, while.
• penetrare, to penetrate.
• penitenza, penance.
• penna, feather, quill, pen.
  • sopra ——, absorbed in thought.
• pennone, m., yard (of a ship).
• penoso, painful, hard.
• pensare (a), to think (of).
• pensiero, thought;
• pensione, f., pension, salary, wages.
• pentola, earthen pot, jar, crock.
• penzoloni, hanging, dangling.
• per, for, by, through, as, in order to.
• perchè, because, that, in order that, why?
• perciò, therefore.
• percorrere, to run over, through.
• percorso, part. of percorrere.
• percossa, blow.
• perdere, to lose.
• perdonare, to pardon.
• perdono, pardon.
• perenne, perennial.
• perfettamente, perfectly.
• perfetto, perfect.
• pericolo, danger, risk.
• pericoloso, dangerous.
• periodico, periodical.
• perire, to perish.
• perla, pearl, treasure.
• permettere, to permit.
• permise, pret. of permettere.
• pernice, f., partridge.
• però, therefore, however, nevertheless.
• perorazione, peroration.
• perpetuo, perpetual.
• perplesso, perplexed.
• persecuzione, persecution.
• perso, part. of perdere.
• persona, person, body.
• perspicace, observant.
• persuadere, to persuade.
• persuaso, persuaded, convinced.
• pervenire, to attain, reach.
• pesante, heavy.
• pesca, peach.
• peso, weight, burden.
• pettinare, to comb, dress the hair.
• pettinatora, hairdresser.
• pettinatura, headdress, coiffure.
  • n. m., pleasure, favor.
• petto, breast.
• pezzente, m., beggar.
• pezzo, piece, model, type.
• piacere, to please;
  • —— addosso, to fit very badly (of clothes).
• piacevolmente, pleasantly.
• piacque, pret. of piacere.
  • part. of piangere.
• pianerottolo, landing.
• piangere, to weep;
• piano, floor, story, plan, project; in a low tone.
• pianto, tears, crying;
• pianura, plain.
• piattino, plate.
• piazza, square.
• piccato, piqued, irritated.
• picchiare, to beat, rap, tap.
• piccino, very little, little.
• picco; a ——, to the bottom.
• piccolo, small, little.
• piede, m., foot.
• piedino, tiny foot.
• piegare, to bend, lurch.
• piego, package, bundle.
• pieno, full.
• pietà, pity.
• pietoso, pitiful, compassionate.
• pietra, stone.
• pietrone, m., big stone.
• pigiato, trampled upon.
• pigliare, to take, catch, seize.
• piglio, face, look.
• pioggia, rain.
• pioppo, poplar-tree.
• piovere, to rain, fall.
  • di ——, per di ——, furthermore;
  • non... più, no more, no longer.
• piroscafo, steamboat, steamer.
• pistola, pistol.
• pittoresco, picturesque.
• più, more, most, many, several;
• piuma, plume, feather.
• piuttosto, rather.
• pizzicare, to pick, play upon.
• pizzicotto, little pinch.
  • a —— a ——, little by little.
• plaudente, applauding.
• po'. See poco.
• pochino, little, very little, few.
• poco, little, few;
• poderetto, small farm, estate.
• poderoso, powerful.
• poetico, poetic.
• poetunculo, poetaster.
• poggio, hill, bluff.
• poi, then, afterwards.
• poichè, since, as, after.
• politica, politics, policy.
• politico, political.
• polmone, m., lungs, lung.
• polpetta, ball of minced meat.
• poltrona, armchair.
• poltroncina, easy chair.
• polvere, f., dust, powder.
• pomo, apple.
• ponte, m., bridge, deck.
• ponte-levatojo, drawbridge.
  • ——si, to sit down.
• popolo, people.
• poppa, stern.
• porpora, purple.
• porre, to place, put;
• porta, gate, door.
• portare, to carry, bear, bring.
• portavoce, f., speaking-trumpet.
• porto, port, harbor.
• portone, m., coach-gate, porte cochère.
• posa, rest, quiet, pause.
• posare, to place, put, set.
• posato, sober, sedate.
• pose, pret. of porre.
• positivamente, positively.
• posizione, position.
  • part. of porre.
• possedere, to possess.
  • n. m., power.
• posso, pres. of potere.
• posticcio, false, artificial.
• posto, place, position, room, seat;
• potere, to be able;
• pouff, m., ottoman.
• poveretta! poor woman!
• poverino, poor little fellow.
• povero, poor.
• pozza, pool, puddle.
• pozzo, well.
• pranzare, to dine.
• pranzo, dinner.
• prateria, meadow.
• pratica, practice.
• praticare, to practice, make.
  • ——si, to rush.
• pratico, practical, experienced.
• prato, meadow, field.
• precauzione, precaution.
• precipitare, to precipitate, fall headlong;
• precipitoso, precipitate.
• precisamente, precisely.
• preciso, precise, exact.
• precoce, precocious, early.
• preda, prey, booty.
• predicare, to preach.
• predicatore, preacher, minister.
• predilezione, preference.
• preferenza, preference.
• preferire, to prefer.
• prefetto, prefect.
• prefiggere, to fix, determine.
• pregare, to pray, beg, entreat.
• preghiera, prayer, entreaty.
• pregiato, esteemed.
  • —— a, to begin to.
• pregio, value, worth.
• pregiudizio, prejudice.
• premere, to press, concern.
• prendere, to take, seize, catch;
• preparare, to prepare.
• preparativo, preparation.
• preposto, overseer.
• presa, pinch.
• presentare, to present.
• presente, m., present, gift.
• prese (ro), pret. of prendere.
• preside, m., president.
• presidente, m., president, presiding judge, chief justice.
• presidenza, executive council.
• preso, part. of prendere.
• presso, near, with.
  • part. of pretendere.
• prestare, to lend.
• presto, quick, quickly, soon.
• pretendere, to pretend, intend.
• preteso, claimed;
• pretesto, pretext.
• pretore, m., justice of the peace.
• prevalere, to prevail.
• prevalse, pret. of prevalere.
• prevenire, to anticipate, prevent.
  • di ——, former, original;
  • —— che, —— di, before;
  • da ——, sulle prime, at first.
• prezioso, precious.
• prigione, prison.
• prigioniero, prisoner.
• prima, before, first;
• primeggiare, to be prominent.
• primo, first, early.
• principale, m., main feature.
• principe, prince.
• principessa, princess.
• principio, beginning.
• privato, private.
• privazione, privation.
• privo, without, deprived of.
• pro, advantage, profit.
• probabilmente, probably.
• probità, probity, integrity.
• procedere, to proceed, advance.
• procurare, to procure.
• procuratore, m., attorney.
• prodigare, to lavish.
• prodotto, part. of produrre; product.
• produrre, to produce.
• profanare, to profane, violate.
• proferire, to utter, pronounce.
• profilo, profile.
• profitto, profit.
• profondamente, deeply, loudly.
• profondersi, to be profuse.
• profondo, profound, deep.
• profumato, perfumed, sweet-scented.
• profumo, perfume.
• progetto, project, plan.
• progresso, progress, advancement.
• proiettare, to project, cast.
• prolungare, to prolong.
• promessa, promise.
• promesso, part. of promettere.
• promettere, to promise.
• promise, pret. of promettere.
• pronostico, prediction.
• prontezza, promptness.
  • ——si, to resolve.
• pronto, prompt, quick.
• pronunziare, to pronounce.
  • a ——, apropos.
• propagare, to propagate.
• proporre, to propose;
• propose, pret. of proporre.
• proposito, intention, purpose, resolution, discourse, subject;
• proposta, proposal, offer.
• proprietà, property, possession.
• proprietario, proprietor, owner.
• proprio, proper, own, exactly, just, really, very.
• prora, prow.
• prorompere, to break forth.
• proruppe, pret. of prorompere.
• prosa, prose.
• proseguire, to continue.
• prosopopea, prosopopœia, arrogance, ostentation.
• prosperare, to prosper.
• prossimo, next, coming, near.
• proteggere, to protect, shelter.
• protezione, protection.
• prova, proof, trial, test.
• provare, to try, try on, experience, prove.
• proveniente, proceeding, coming.
• proverbio, proverb.
• provincia, province.
• provvidenza, providence.
• provvisione, f., provision.
• provvista, provision.
• prudenza, prudence.
• pubblicamente, in a public way.
• pubblicità, publicity.
• pubblico, public.
• pugno, fist, blow, hand.
  • —— interrogativo, interrogation point.
• pulito, clean, neat, tidy.
• punta, point, sharp end.
• puntare, to point.
• punto, point, instant; at all;
• può, pres. of potere.
• pupilla, pupil of the eye, eye.
• pure, yet, also, even, only, however.
  • di ——, this way.
• puro, pure.
• purtroppo, too much so, too true.
• Q.
• qua, here;
• quaderno, copy-book, note-book.
• quadro, picture, painting.
• qualche, some, any.
• qualcheduno, somebody, some one.
• qualcuno, some, some one.
• quale (qual), which, what, such as, as, like, some.
• qualità, quality.
• qualora, when, whenever.
  • —— a, in —— a, as for;
  • per ——, however;
  • tutti quanti, every one.
• qualunque, whatever, any.
• quando, when.
• quantità, quantity, number.
• quanto, how much, how many, how long, as much, as many, as, like;
• quantunque, although.
• quaranta, forty.
• quarantadue, forty-two.
• quarantotto, forty-eight.
• quartiere, m., quarters, apartment.
• quarto, quarter, piece, degree, fourth.
• quasi, almost, nearly, as if.
• quattordici, fourteen.
• quattro, four.
• quegli, that man, he.
• quello, that, that one.
• questi, this one, this man.
• questo, this, this one.
• questore, m., chief of police.
• queto, quiet, still.
• qui, here.
• quiete, f., repose, rest, quiet.
• quindi, then, thence.
• quindici, fifteen.
• R.
• rabbiosamente, furiously.
• rabbioso, mad, furious, raging.
• rabesco, arabesque.
• raccapezzare, to find out again.
• raccattare, to pick up.
• raccogliere, to gather, pick up, collect, assemble, bring together.
• raccoglimento, concentration.
  • ——si, to beg, entreat.
• raccolse, pret. of raccogliere.
• raccolta, crop, harvest, gathering, collection.
• raccolto, part. of raccogliere.
• raccomandare, to recommend, commit, entrust;
• raccomandazione, recommendation.
• racconsolato, comforted, consoled.
• raccontare, to relate.
  • di ——, rarely, seldom.
• racconto, account, story.
• raddirizzare, to set right, correct.
• raddoppiare, to redouble, increase.
• rado, rare, infrequent;
• raffica, gust of wind.
• raffreddamento, cooling, coolness.
  • pl., children.
• ragazza, girl.
• ragazzaglia, band of rude boys.
• ragazzino, little boy.
• ragazzo, boy;
• raggio, ray, beam.
  • aver ——, to be right.
• raggiungere, to overtake, rejoin, reach.
• raggiunse, pret. of raggiungere.
• ragionare, to discourse, reason.
  • ——si, to rejoice;
  • ——si con, to congratulate.
• ragione, reason, right, justice;
• ragionevole, reasonable.
• ragnatela, cobweb.
• rallegrare, to rejoice, divert, cheer;
  • ——si (di), to remember.
• rame, m., copper, brass.
• rammaricarsi, to lament, complain.
• rammarico, complaint, grief, regret, sadness.
• rammentare, to recall;
• ramo, branch.
• rancore, m., rancor, spite, grudge.
• rannicchiato, crouched, crouching.
  • di ——, seldom.
• rapidamente, rapidly.
• rapidità, rapidity, swiftness.
• rapire, to snatch, wrest.
• raro, rare; seldom;
• rasciugare, to wipe off.
• rasente, close to, grazing.
• rassegnare, to resign.
• rasserenato, cheered, soothed.
• rassomigliare, to resemble.
• rattenere, to retain, keep back.
• ravvolgersi, to rove, wander.
• ravvolto, wrapped, folded.
• re, king.
• realità, reality.
  • ——si, to come.
• realmente, really, truly.
• realtà, reality.
• reboante, resounding.
• recare, to bring, carry;
• recentemente, recently.
• reciproco, reciprocal, mutual.
• recisamente, curtly, promptly.
• reciso, cut.
• redine, f., rein.
• regalare, to present.
• regalo, present, gift.
• reggere (a), to suffer, bear.
• regime, m., regimen, diet.
• regina, queen.
• registrazione, registration.
• regola, rule.
• regolare, regular.
• regolarità, regularity.
• relazione, relation.
• religioso, religious.
• reminiscenza, reminiscence.
• remo, oar.
• rendere, to render, give.
• rendita, revenue, income.
• repentino, sudden, unexpected.
• replicare, to reply, answer.
• replicato, repeated.
• reputare, to esteem, count.
• reseda, mignonette.
• resistenza, resistance.
• resistere, to resist.
• reso, part. of rendere.
  • far ——, to crowd.
• respingere, to drive back.
• respirare, to breathe.
• respiro, breathing, breath.
  • del ——, besides, after all.
• ressa, crowd, press;
• restare, to remain.
• restituire, to restore, return.
  • dar ——, to listen, give heed.
• resto, rest, remainder;
• retaggio, inheritance.
• retrocedere, to go back, back up.
• retta, stand, resistance, support;
• rettitudine, rectitude, uprightness.
• retto, right, upright.
• rialzarsi, to get up again.
• riapertura, reopening.
• riaprire, to open again.
• riassumersi, to be summed up.
• riaversi, to recover one's strength, regain consciousness.
• ribelle, rebellious.
• ricambiare, to repay, return.
• ricambio, interchange.
• ricchezza, riches, wealth.
• ricciolino, ringlet, curl.
• ricciolo, curl, ringlet, lock.
• ricciuto, curly.
• ricco, rich.
• ricerca, research, inquiry, search.
• ricevere, to receive.
• richiamare, to recall.
• ricominciare, to begin anew.
• ricomparire, to reappear.
• ricomporre, to compose again.
  • ——si (di), to remember.
• riconducere, to conduct back.
• riconobbero, pret. of riconoscere.
• riconoscere, to recognize.
• ricordare, to recall, bring to mind;
• ricordo, remembrance.
• ricorrente, recurrent.
• ricorrere, to run over, reflect upon, have recourse to.
• ricoverarsi, to take refuge.
  • trovar a ——, to find fault.
• ricusare, to refuse.
• ridere, to laugh.
• ridicolo, ridiculous.
• ridire, to repeat, censure;
• ridiventare, to become again.
• ridotto, reduced, broken.
• riducere, to reduce.
• riebbe, pret. of riavere.
• rientrare, to re-enter, go back.
• riescire. See riuscire.
• rifare, to clean, take care of.
• rifinire, to stop, cease.
• rifiutare, to refuse.
• rifiuto, refusal.
• riforma, reform.
• riga, line, row.
• rigagnolo, streamlet, stream.
• rigare, to irrigate, water, streak.
• rigirare, to turn round, about.
• rigovernare, to wash, scour.
• riguadagnare, to make up.
• riguardo, regard, respect.
• rileggere, to read over.
• rilievo, relief, importance, form.
• rima, rhyme.
• rimandare, to send back.
• rimanere, to remain, be left, be.
• rimase (ro), pret. of rimanere.
• rimasto, part. of rimanere.
• rimbombo, noise, resounding.
• rimedio, remedy.
  • ——si, to return, come to.
• rimembranza, remembrance.
• rimescolare, to mix, perturb.
• rimesso, assured, composed.
• rimettere, to place, put again, defer;
• rimirare, to look at intently.
• rimorso, remorse.
• rincantucciarsi, to retire, hide one's self in a corner.
• rincarare, to grow dearer.
• rinchiuso, shut up.
• rinfresco, collation, supper, refreshments.
• rinfusa; alla ——, in confusion.
• ringraziamento, thanks.
• ringraziare, to thank.
  • ——si, to take shelter.
• rinnovare, to renew.
• rinunziare, to renounce.
• riottoso, riotous.
• riparare, to protect, shelter, take shelter;
• riparlare, to speak again.
• riparo, shelter.
• ripetere, to repeat.
• ripetutamente, repeatedly.
• ripigliare, to take back, answer, take again, resume.
• riporre, to put back, put in.
• riportare, to carry back.
• riposare, to repose, rest.
• riposo, repose, rest.
• ripregare, to entreat again.
• riprendere, to retake, take back, take up, resume, reply.
• riprese, pret. of riprendere.
• ripresentare, to present again.
• ripreso, part. of riprendere.
• riproduzione, reproduction.
• risa, laughter.
• risalire, to go up again.
• risata, laugh, laughter.
• rischiarare, to light up.
• rischiare, to risk.
• risciaquata, scolding, reprimand.
• riscosse, pret. of riscuotere.
• riscuotersi, to start, shudder.
• rise, pret. of ridere.
• risentire, to hear again.
• risentito, quick, sharp, severe.
• riserbare, to reserve.
• riso, laugh, laughter.
• risoluto, resolute.
• risoluzione, resolution.
• risolversi, to resolve.
• risparmiato, saved, spared.
• risparmio, savings, earnings.
• rispettabile, respectable.
• rispetto, respect, deference.
• rispettoso, respectful.
• rispondere, to respond, reply, answer, correspond.
• rispose (ro), pret. of rispondere.
• risposta, reply, answer.
• ristucco, surfeited, wearied.
• risultare, to result, follow.
  • in ——, late.
• risultato, result.
• risvegliare, to awake, rouse.
• ritardare, to delay.
• ritardo, delay;
• ritelegrafare, to telegraph back.
• ritemperare, to calm.
• ritenere, to retain, remember, detain.
• ritirarsi, to retire, withdraw.
• ritornare, to return.
• ritratto, picture, portrait.
• ritrovare, to find again, find.
• ritrovo, assembly, resort.
• riunirsi, to reunite, close together.
• riuscire, to succeed, turn out, become.
• riva, bank, shore.
• rivedere, to see again, meet again.
• rivelare, to reveal.
• rivelazione, revelation.
• riverenza, bow, courtesy.
• rivestire, to dress again.
• rivide, pret. of rivedere.
• rivolgersi, to turn.
• rivolse, pret. of rivolgere.
• rivolto, turned.
• roba, stuff, things, business.
• Roma, Rome.
• romanza, ballad, air.
• romanzo, romance.
• rombare, to rumble, roll.
  • divenir ——, to blush.
• rompere, to break.
• ronzio, buzzing, humming.
• rosaio, rose-bush.
• rosso, red;
• rotaia, track, rail.
• rotondo, round; round hand.
• rotto, part. of rompere.
• rovesciare, to spill, rain down, overturn.
• rovescio, wrong side, reverse, heavy shower.
• rovo, brier, bramble.
• rozzo, rough, uncouth, unpolished.
• ruga, wrinkle.
• rullio, rolling and pitching.
• rumore, m., noise, rumbling.
• rumoreggiare, to rumble.
• ruppe, pret. of rompere.
• russare, to snore.
• S.
• sa, pres. of sapere.
• sabbia, sand.
• sacco, sack, bag.
• sacrificare, to sacrifice.
• sacrificio, sacrifice.
• saetta, arrow, thunderbolt.
• saggio, specimen, sample.
• sagrificare. See sacrificare.
• sala, hall, saloon, large room.
• salasso, bleeding.
• saldo, solid, firm.
• salire, to ascend, go up, mount, get into.
• salottino, little sitting-room.
• salotto, parlor, sitting-room.
• saltare, to leap, jump, seize, take.
• saltellare, to skip, hop.
• saltimbanco, mountebank.
• salto, jump, skip, bound.
• salumaio, seller of salted provisions.
• salutare, to salute, greet, bow to.
• salute, f., health.
• saluto, salute, salutation.
• salvare, to save.
  • —— freddo, coolness, sang-froid.
• salvatore, m., preserver.
• salvezza, safety.
• salvo, safety.
• sangue, m., blood;
• sanguigno, red, red as blood.
• sanguinoso, bloody.
• sanno, pres. of sapere.
• sano, sound, wholesome.
• santo, saint; holy, blessed.
• sapere, to know, discover, be able.
• sapone, m., soap.
• saporoso, savory.
• sarebbe (ro), cond. of essere.
• saresti, cond. of essere.
• sarete, fut. of essere.
• sarò, fut. of essere.
• savio, wise, discreet, prudent.
• sbagliarsi, to make a mistake.
• sbaglio, mistake, oversight.
• sbalordito, amazed, confounded.
• sbarcare, to disembark, land.
• sbarrare, to unbar, open wide.
• sbattere, to beat.
• sbigottito, frightened.
• sboccare, to rush out.
• sboccato, uncivil, indecent.
• sbraitare, to make a great outcry.
• sbuffare, to snort, puff.
• scacchi, m. pl., chess.
• scacciare, to expel, turn out.
• scaffale, m., bookcase, shelf.
• scafo, hull of a ship.
• scala, staircase, stairs, step.
• scaldare, to inflame, heat.
  • ——si (con), to pass.
• scaletta, narrow staircase.
  • di ——, side.
• scalmanato, breathless, out of breath.
• scalpitio, trampling, stamping.
• scambiare, to exchange;
• scambio, exchange;
• scancellare, to cancel, erase.
  • a —— di, so as to avoid.
• scandalizzato, scandalized.
• scandaluccio, gossip, scandal.
• scansare, to avoid.
• scanso, act of avoiding;
• scapatella, thoughtless young person.
• scapigliato, dishevelled.
• scappare, to flee, run away, run out, escape.
• scappellotto, blow, thump on the head.
• scarlatto, scarlet.
• scarpa, shoe, slipper.
• scarpina, slipper.
• scegliere, to choose, select.
• scelse, pret. of scegliere.
• scelta, choice.
• scelto, part. of scegliere.
• scena, scene.
• scendere, to descend, alight, come down, go down.
• scese, pret. of scendere.
• sceso, part. of scendere.
• scevro, exempt, free.
• scherzevole, facetious.
• schiacciare, to crush.
• schiamazzo, noise, clatter.
• schiantare, to break, rend.
• schianto, crash, rending.
• schiavo, captive, enslaved.
• schiena, back.
• schietto, pure, unmixed, polished, smooth, sincere.
• sciabola, sabre.
• sciallo, shawl.
• scienza, science, learning.
• scienziato, savant, scholar.
• scilinguagnolo, string of the tongue.
• scintillare, to sparkle, shine.
• sciocchezza, folly, imprudence.
• sciogliere, to untie, loose.
• sciolse, pret. of sciogliere.
• scioperato, idle.
• sclamare, to exclaim.
• scoccare, m., striking, stroke.
• scocco, stroke, striking.
• scoglio, rock.
• scolara, pupil.
• scolar -e, -o, pupil, schoolboy.
• scolaresca, schoolboys, pupils.
• scolastico, scholastic.
• scolorito, colorless.
• scolpito, cut, carved.
• scombussolato, in confusion, in a tumult.
• scommettere, to bet, wager.
• scomodare, to inconvenience.
• scomparire, to disappear.
• scomparso, part. of scomparire.
• sconosciuto, unknown; stranger.
• scontrarsi, to collide, meet.
• scontro, collision.
• sconvenienza, impropriety.
• scoperta, discovery.
• scoperto, uncovered, exposed.
• scopo, object, end, aim, scope.
• scoppio, explosion, burst.
• scoraggito, discouraged.
• scorgere, to perceive, see.
• scorrazzare, to ramble, roam.
• scorse, pret. of scorgere.
• scorso, passed by, over.
• scorta, escort.
• scortecciare, to strip off the bark.
• scosse, pret. of scuotere.
• scotere. See scuotere.
• scricchiolio, creaking.
• scrisse, pret. of scrivere.
• scritto, written; writing.
• scrittura, writing.
• scrivere, to write.
• scrollare, to shake, shrug.
• scroscio, loud burst, crash.
• scrupolo, scruple.
• scultura, sculpture.
• scuola, school, class-room.
  • ——si, to lie down at full length.
• scuotere, to shake.
• scusare, to excuse.
  • —— non, except.
• sdegno, disdain, anger, rage.
• sdraiare, to stretch out;
• sdrucciolare, to slip, glide.
• se, if, what if, suppose;
• sebbene, although.
• seccatore, m., bore, nuisance.
• seccatura, annoyance.
• secco, dry, withered, faded, sharp, quick.
  • ——si, to sit down.
• secolo, century, age.
• secondare, to second, aid, favor.
• secondo, according to; second.
• sedere, to sit down, be seated;
• sedia, chair.
• sedici, sixteen.
• sedile, m., seat, bench.
• seduto, seated, sitting.
• segare, to mow, cut, reap.
• segatore, m., mower.
• seggiola, chair.
• seggiolone, m., large chair, armchair.
• segnale, m., signal.
• segnare, to mark, draw.
• segno, sign, signal, mark.
• segretamente, secretly.
• segretario, secretary.
• segretezza, secrecy.
• segreto, secret, hidden; secrecy, privacy.
  • pres. of essere.
• seguente, following.
• seguire, to follow, continue.
• seguitare, to follow.
• sei, six;
• seicento, six hundred.
• sella, saddle.
  • n. m., medicinal plant.
• selvaggina, game.
• selvatico, wild, savage.
  • —— che, provided that.
• sembrare, to seem.
• semplice, simple;
• semplicemente, simply.
• sempre, always, ever, still;
• seno, bosom, breast.
• senonchè, except that.
• sensibile, perceptible.
• sensitivo, sensitive, delicate.
  • ——si, to feel.
• senso, sense, direction, meaning, impression.
• sentiero, path, by-way.
• sentimento, sentiment, feeling.
• sentire, to hear, feel;
• senza, without.
• separarsi, to be separated from.
• separazione, separation.
• sepolcrale, sepulchral.
• seppe, pret. of sapere.
• seppellire, to bury.
• seppure, if indeed.
• sera, evening.
• serata, evening.
• serbare, to keep, lay up.
• sereno, serene, clear, calm; clear weather.
  • sul ——, seriously, sincerely.
• sergente, sergeant.
• seriamente, seriously.
• serie, f., series, succession.
• serio, serious;
• serpe, f., serpent.
• serpentello, young serpent.
• serrare, to squeeze, press.
• serratura, lock.
• servigio, service.
• servire, to serve.
• servizio, service.
• servo, servant.
• sesto, sixth.
• sete, f., thirst.
• sette, seven.
• settembre, m., September.
• settimana, week.
• sfamare, to satisfy a person's hunger.
• sfarzosamente, splendidly.
• sfarzoso, splendid, magnificent.
• sfidare, to challenge, mistrust.
• sfogare, to exhale, vent, discharge, let escape.
• sfoggiare, to display, flaunt.
• sfogliare, to look through.
• sforzare, to force, compel.
• sforzo, effort, endeavor.
• sfuggire, to escape, avoid.
  • a ——, aslant, awry.
• sgarbataccio! rude boy!
• sgarbo, impoliteness, rudeness.
• sghignazzare, to laugh derisively.
• sghimbescio, bow-legged;
• sgombro, free, clear.
• sgomentare, to alarm, frighten.
• sgomento, fear, alarm.
• sgorgare, to flow out, diffuse.
• sgridare, to rebuke, scold.
• sguaiato! silly boy!
• sguardo, look, glance.
• sguizzare, to escape, slip.
• si, one, people, we, they, etc.; himself, herself, etc.
• sì, yes, truly, indeed, so.
• sia, subj. of essere; either, or.
• siamo, pres. of essere.
• siccome, as.
• siciliano, Sicilian.
• sicuramente, surely.
• sicuro, certainly.
• siede, pres. of sedere.
• sifatto, such.
• sigaro, cigar.
• significare, to mean, signify.
• significato, meaning.
  • pl., young persons.
• signora, lady, mistress, madam.
• signor(e), sir, Mr., gentleman, lord, noble.
• signorina, young lady.
• signorino, young gentleman;
• sii, imper. of essere.
• silenzio, silence.
• silenzioso, silent.
• simbolo, symbol.
• simile, like, similar, such.
• simpatia, sympathy.
• simpatico, sympathetic.
• simulare, to resemble.
• sincerità, sincerity.
• sincero, sincere, in earnest.
• sindaco, syndic, city magistrate, mayor.
• singhiozzo, sob, sobbing.
  • sin da, from, after.
• sinistra, left hand, side.
• sinistramente, ominously.
• sinistro, left, sinister; disaster.
• sino, until, even to;
• sintomo, symptom, sign.
• sistema, m., system.
• sito, site, situation.
• situazione, situation.
• slacciato, loose, unfastened.
• slanciare, to launch, throw, fire, shoot off.
• slancio, rush, burst.
• smagliare, to sparkle, be bright, be clear.
• smarrimento, bewilderment.
• smascherato, unmasked.
• smessero, pret. of smettere.
• smesso, part of smettere.
• smettere, to give up, quit, cease, stop, yield.
• smilzo, thin, spare.
• snodare, to untie, loosen.
• so, pres. of sapere.
• soave, mild, gentle, sweet.
• soavità, suavity, gentleness.
• società, company, society.
• socio, associate, colleague.
• soddisfare, to satisfy, please.
• soddisfatto, satisfied, pleased.
• soddisfazione, satisfaction.
• sodo, firm, steady, serious.
• soffitto, ceiling.
• soffocante, suffocating.
• soffocare, to stifle, suppress.
• soffrire, to suffer.
• soggetto, subject, fellow.
• soggezione, subjection, awe.
• soggiornare, to sojourn, live.
• soggiorno, sojourn, stay, visit.
• soggiungere, to add, reply.
• soggiunse, pret. of soggiungere.
• sognare, to dream of, dream.
• sogno, dream, wild fancy.
• solamente, only.
• solcato, furrowed.
• solco, furrow, groove.
• soldato, soldier.
• soldo, an Italian cent, copper.
  • per il ——, usually.
• sole, m., sun, sunshine.
• solere, to be accustomed.
• solitario, lonely, deserted.
  • ——si, to rise.
• solito, ordinary, usual;
  • da ——, to himself.
• solitudine, solitude.
• sollecitamente, promptly.
• sollevare, to raise, stir up, relieve;
• solo, only, alone, mere, sole;
• soltanto, only, solely.
• somigliante, alike, resembling.
• somigliare, to resemble.
• sommariamente, summarily.
• sommergersi, to sink, drown.
• sommerso, submerged, sunk.
• sommesso, subdued, low.
• somministrare, to administer, give.
• sommissione, f., submission.
  • pigliar ——, to fall asleep.
• sommo, supreme, greatest; summit.
• sonare, to play, sound, ring.
• sonnacchioso, sleepy, drowsy.
• sonno, sleep;
• sono, pres. of essere.
• sonoro, sonorous.
• sopportare, to support.
• sopra, upon, on, above.
• soprabito, overcoat.
• sopraggiungere, to come up suddenly.
• soprascritta, superscription.
• soprattenda, curtain, hanging.
• sopratutto, especially.
• sopravvento, windward, upper hand.
• sopravvivere, to survive.
• sopravvivolo, houseleek, longevity.
• sor, for signor.
• sorcio, mouse.
• sordo, deaf, dull.
• sorella, sister, companion.
• sorgere, to arise.
• sormontato, surmounted.
• sorprendere, to surprise, detect.
• sorpresa, surprise.
• sorprese, pret. of sorprendere.
• sorpreso, surprised.
  • part. of sorridere.
• sorridente, smiling.
• sorridere, to smile.
• sorrise, pret. of sorridere.
• sorriso, smile;
• sorseggiare, to sip.
• sorte, f., lot, destiny, fate.
• sorvegliante, m., surveillant.
• sorveglianza, surveillance.
• sospendere, to suspend, defer.
• sospeso, in suspense, hanging, suspended.
• sospettare, to suspect, doubt.
• sospirare, to sigh.
• sospirato, desired, wished for.
• sospiro, sigh.
• sospirone, m., deep sigh.
• sosta, pause.
  • per di ——, under.
• sostanza, substance, property.
• sottana, skirt, petticoat, linen.
• sottile, fine, slender.
• sotto, under;
• sottostante, lying below.
• sottovoce, in an undertone, softly.
• sottrarsi (a), to free one's self from, get away from.
• sovente, often.
• soverchio, excessive.
• sovrumano, superhuman.
• Spagna, Spain.
• spagnuolo, Spanish, Spaniard.
• spalla, shoulder.
• spalmare, to daub, cover.
• sparago, asparagus.
• sparlare, to slander, speak ill of.
• sparso, scattered.
• sparuto, thin, wan.
• spasimo, spasm, convulsion.
• spassionato, impartial.
• spasso, amusement, diversion.
• spaventare, to frighten, terrify.
• spaventevole, frightful.
• spazio, space.
• spazzare, to sweep, clean.
• spazzaturaio, scavenger.
• specchio, looking-glass, mirror.
• specialmente, especially.
• specie, f., species, kind, sort.
• spedale, m., hospital.
• spedire, to despatch.
• spegnere, to extinguish, put out.
• spelato, threadbare.
• spendere, to spend.
• spense, pret. of spegnere.
• spenzolare, to hang, be suspended.
• sperabile, to be hoped.
• speranza, hope, expectation.
• sperare, to hope.
• spesa, expense.
  • alla spezzata, piecemeal, brokenly.
• spesso, often, frequently; frequent.
• spettacolo, spectacle.
• spettatore, m., spectator.
• spezzato, broken to pieces;
• spiccare, to set off, stand out, shine.
• spicciarsi, to make haste.
• spicco, display, show.
• spiegare, to explain, unfold, set, display.
• spietato, pitiless, cruel.
• spina, thorn.
• spingere, to push, urge.
• spira, fold, coil.
• spirare, to blow.
• spirito, spirit, mind.
• sponda, edge, brink, bank.
• sponsali, m. pl., espousals.
• sporgere, to stretch out, put out.
• sporse, pret. of sporgere.
  • pl., married people, bride and bridegroom.
• sportello, coach-door, trap-door, slide.
• sposa, bride, spouse, wife.
• sposare, to wed, marry.
• sposo, spouse, husband;
• sprigionare, to release, free.
• sprofondarsi, to sink.
• sproloquio, long discourse.
• spronare, to spur.
• sprone, m., spur.
• sproposito, absurdity, nonsense.
• sprovvisto, destitute.
• spumeggiare, to foam.
• spuntare, to rise.
• sputare, to eject, throw out.
• squarciagola; a ——, with all one's might.
• squarciare, to tear open.
• squillante, loud, resounding.
• squisito, exquisite, perfect.
• stabilimento, establishment.
• stabilito, fixed, established.
• staccare, to detach, sever, take away.
• stagione, season.
• stamani, this morning.
• stampa, the press, printing.
• stanchezza, fatigue.
  • —— a, to depend upon, rest with;
  • ——sene, to stand;
  • —— per, to be on the point of.
• stanco, tired.
• stanza, room, apartment.
• stanzuccia, little room.
• stare, to stand, stay, be;
• stasera, this evening, to-night.
• stato, part. of essere; state, condition, profession.
• statura, stature, height.
• stazione, station.
  • a ——, with difficulty, hardly.
• stella, star.
• stemperare, to dilute, dissolve.
• stentare, to want, lack, have difficulty.
• stento, toil, want;
• sterpi, m. pl., underbrush.
• stesso, same, self, even.
• stette (ro), pret. of stare.
• stile, m., style.
• stimato, esteemed.
• stipendio, stipend, pay.
• stirare, to iron, stretch.
• stivale, m., boot.
• stoffa, stuff, material, cloth.
• stomacato, disgusted.
• stomaco, stomach.
• stonatura, discord.
  • —— ferrata, railroad.
• storia, story, history.
• stormire, m., rustling.
• storto, distorted, mistaken.
• strada, road, route, street, track;
• stralunare, to roll (the eyes).
• strano, strange.
• straordinario, extra, extraordinary.
• strapazzare, to abuse, scold.
• strappare, to break, pluck, drag.
• straziante, harrowing.
• strepito, noise.
• stretta, pressing, shake, oppression.
• strettamente, tightly.
• stretto, part. of stringere; strict, tight, heavy.
• stridulo, shrill.
• striminzito, very slender.
• stringere, to pull tight, press, shake, draw close, form.
• strinse (ro), pret. of stringere.
• striscia, streak, stream.
• stritolare, to grind, crush.
• stropicciare, to rub.
• strozzato, strangled, choked.
• struggersi, to be consumed, overcome.
• struggimento, desire, longing, burst, throb.
• studente, m., student, schoolboy, pupil.
• studiare, to study.
• studio, study, office.
• stufa, stove.
• stupefatto, stupefied, amazed.
• stupidamente, stupidly.
  • all'in —— up.
• stupirsi, to be astonished, surprised.
• stupore, m., surprise, admiration.
• stuzzicare, to incite, urge on.
• su, up, on, upon, out of, at, in; come! get up!
• subalterno, subordinate.
• subire, to undergo.
• subitaneo, sudden.
• subito, at once, immediately.
• succedere, to happen, take place, follow, succeed.
• successe, pret. of succedere.
• successivo, following.
• successo, part. of succedere.
• sudicio, dirty, filthy.
• sudore, m., perspiration.
• suocero, father-in-law.
• suole, pres. of solere.
• suolo, ground, soil.
• suonare. See sonare.
• suono, sound.
• superare, to overcome, pass.
• superbo, proud.
• superfluo, superfluous.
• superstite, m., survivor.
• supino, flat, on one's back.
• supplicare, to beg, entreat.
• supplice, suppliant, entreating.
• supplichevole, entreating.
• supplire, to fill the place of.
• supporre, to suppose.
• supposizione, supposition.
• supremo, supreme, final.
• suscitare, to raise, provoke.
• sussidio, subsidy.
  • ——si, to awake.
• sussurrio, buzzing.
• susurrare, to whisper, murmur.
• svanito, vanished.
• svegliare, to awake, rouse;
• svegliato, awake.
• svelare, to reveal.
• svelto, slender.
• svenire, to faint.
• sventura, misfortune.
• svenuto, unconscious.
• svestito, undressed.
• svigorito, enervated, weakened.
• svincolare, to wrest, free.
• svizzero, Swiss.
• svolta, turn, bend.
• T.
• tabacco, tobacco, snuff.
• taccuino, note-book.
  • —— altro, a certain other;
  • un ——, a certain one.
• tacere, to be silent, hold one's tongue.
• tacque, pret. of tacere.
• tagliare, to cut, pierce.
• tale(tal), such, like;
• talento, will, wish, pleasure.
• talpa, mole.
  • di —— in ——, from time to time;
  • —— e ——, yet, in any case, after all;
  • ogni ——, every now and then.
• taluno, somebody, some one.
• tamburo, drum.
• tantino, very little.
• tanto, so much, as much, so many, as many, so, only;
• tantochè, so that.
• tappeto, carpet, cover.
• tappezzeria, tapestry, hangings, paper.
• tappezziere, m., upholsterer.
• tardare, to tarry, delay, be long.
• tardi, late.
  • —— rotonda, table d'hôte.
• tasca, pocket.
• tassa, tax.
• tasto, touch, feeling.
• tavola, table;
• tavolino, little table.
• tavolo, table.
• tazza, cup.
• tè, m., tea.
• teatro, theatre.
• tedesco, German, Austrian.
• telegraficamente, by telegraph.
• telegrafico, telegraphic.
• telegrafista, m., telegraphic operator.
• telegrafo, telegraph.
• tema, m., theme, subject.
• temere, to fear.
• tempaccio, bad weather.
• temperare, to prepare, make.
• temperino, penknife.
• tempesta, storm, tempest.
  • per ——, early.
• tempestato, sprinkled, studded.
• tempia, temple, side of forehead.
• tempio, temple, church.
• tempo, time, weather;
• temporale, m., storm.
• tenda, curtain.
• tendenza, propensity.
  • —— dietro, to follow.
• tendina, curtain.
• tenebra, darkness.
• teneramente, tenderly.
• tenere, to hold, keep;
• tenerezza, tenderness.
• tenero, tender, soft.
• tenore, m., tenor, contents, import.
• tenorino, young tenor singer.
• tentare, to attempt, try.
• tentativo, attempt.
• tenuta, possession, estate.
• teologo, theologian.
  • per ——, on the ground.
• tepido, tepid, warm, gentle.
• terminare, to finish, terminate.
• termine, m., end, terni, limit, time.
• terra, earth, ground, land;
• terrà, fut. of tenere.
• terreno, lower; ground.
• terzo, third, triple.
• teso, intent, attentive.
• tesoro, treasure.
• testa, head.
• testimone, m., witness.
• testina, little head.
• testolina, little head.
• tetto, roof, top of house, attic.
• tettoia, train-shed.
• ticchio, caprice, fancy, whim.
• tiene, pres. of tenere.
• timidamente, timidly.
• timone, m., rudder, helm.
• timonella, carriage.
  • ——si avanti, to make one's way;
  • —— da, to take after, resemble.
• timore, m., fear.
• tintinnio, tinkling, rattling.
  • —— a sei, coach and six.
• tipo, type.
• tirare, to draw, pull, blow (of wind);
• tirata, pulling, pull.
• tiro, throw, pull, set;
• tirreno, Mediterranean.
• titolo, title, reason.
• to'! come! well! what!
• toccare (a), to touch, fall to, happen to, concern.
• tocco, stroke, beat.
• togliere, to take, seize.
• tollerare, to bear, endure.
• tolsi, pret. of togliere.
• toltone, excepting.
• tomba, tomb, grave.
• tonante, thundering.
• topajola, rat-trap.
  • ——sene, to return.
• topo, rat, mouse.
  • aver ——, to be wrong.
• torcia, torch.
• tormentare, to torment, vex.
• tornare, to return, begin again;
• torto, wrong;
• torvo, grim, fierce, surly.
• toscano, Tuscan, of Tuscany.
• tosse, f., cough.
• tossicoloso, troubled with a cough.
• tossire, to cough.
• tra, between, among, in, within.
• traballare, to reel, totter.
• traccia, trace.
• tradire, to betray.
• tradizione, tradition.
• traere. See trarre.
• trafelato, out of breath.
• tragedia, tragedy.
  • n. m., setting.
• tragico, tragical.
• tragitto, passage, voyage, trip.
• tramestio, confusion.
• tramontare, to set, go down;
• tramonto, sunset.
• tranne, except.
• tranquillo, tranquil, calm, quiet.
• trappola, trap, mouse-trap.
• trarre, to draw, drag, pull, derive.
• trascinare, to drag, trail.
  • si tratta di, it is a question of.
• trascorso, bygone, past.
• trassero, pret. of trarre.
  • ——si, to remain, stay, hold on.
• trattamento, treatment.
  • part. of trarre;
  • i —— in ——, from time to time;
  • a un ——, at once, suddenly.
• trattare, to treat;
• trattato, treatise.
• trattenere, to hold, keep waiting, keep back;
  • a —— a, across, through.
• tratto, tract, extent, turn, instant;
• travaglio, toil, labor, trouble.
• traversata, passage, voyage.
• traverso, sideways, crosswise;
• travolgere, to throw down, roll.
• travolto, drawn on.
• tre, three.
• trecentista, m., a writer of the fourteenth century.
• tremante, trembling.
• tremito, trembling.
• tremolare, to tremble, flicker.
• tremulo, tremulous.
• treno, train.
• trenta, thirty.
• trepidante, trembling.
• tribolazione, tribulation.
• tribunale, m., tribunal, court of justice.
• tricolore, tricolored.
• trillo, trill, cry, crow.
• trina, trimming, lace.
• trincato, sly.
• trionfale, triumphal.
• tripudio, tumultuous joy.
• triste, sad.
• tristezza, sadness.
• triviale, common, ordinary.
• tromba, trumpet, bugle.
• troncare, to cut off, suppress.
• troncato, choked, broken.
  • ——si, to be.
• tronco, trunk.
• troppo, too, too much, too many.
• trotto, trot.
• trovare, to find, visit;
• trovatello, foundling.
• truffatore, m., impostor, swindler.
• tubare, m., cooing.
  • ——si, to get disturbed, disconcerted.
• tumulto, tumult, uproar.
• tumultuoso, tumultuous.
• tuono, thunder, tone.
• turbare, to disturb;
• turbine, m., whirlwind.
  • tutti e due, both.
• turbinoso, tempestuous.
• turco, Turkish.
• tuttavia, however, nevertheless.
• tutto, all, everything; very, all over;
• U.
• ubbidiente, obedient.
• uccello, bird.
• uccidere, to kill, slay.
• uccise, pret. of uccidere.
• udire, to bear.
• uditore, m., auditor, hearer.
• ufficiale, m., officer.
• ufficio, office, duty.
• ufficioso, officious, obliging.
• uffiziale. See ufficiale.
• uggioso, wearied, annoyed.
• uguale, equal, like, similar.
• ultimamente, recently.
• ultimo, last, latest.
• umanamente, humanely, kindly.
• umanità, humanity.
• umano, human.
• umido, humid, moist.
• umile, humble.
• umiliazione, humiliation.
• umore, m., humor, mood, temper.
• undici, eleven.
• unicamente, only.
• unico, only, sole.
• uniforme, uniform, even, regular.
• unito, united.
• università, university.
• universo, universe, world.
• uno, one, an.
• unto, grease.
• uomo, man.
• urlare, to howl, shriek.
• urlo, howl, wail, shriek.
• urna, ballot-box.
• urtare, to dash against, grate upon.
• usanza, usage.
• usare, to use, employ, show.
• usciere, porter, doorkeeper.
• uscio, door, entrance.
• uscire, to come out, go out, issue.
• uso, use.
• usucapione, f., usucaption.
• utile, useful.
• utilizzare, to utilize.
• V.
• va, va', vai, pres. ind. or imper. of andare.
• vacanza, vacation, holidays.
• vado, pres. of andare.
  • far ——, to turn to account, make the most of.
• vagabondo, vagabond, rambling.
• vago, vague.
• valente, clever, skilful.
• valere, to be worth, be sufficient, avail;
• valore, m., valor, bravery, value, worth.
• valorosamente, valiantly, bravely.
• valsero, pret. of valere.
• vaniloquio, vain discourse.
• vanità, vanity.
• vantarsi, to boast.
• vapore, m., vapor, mist, steam, steamer.
• variazione, variation.
• varietà, variety.
• vario, varied, different, various.
• vasetto, little vase, pot.
• ve. See vi.
• vecchia, old woman.
  • far ——, to show.
• vecchietta, little old woman.
• vecchiezza, old age.
• vecchio, old.
• vedere, to see;
• vedetta, vedette, sentinel.
• vedova, widow.
• vedovo, widower; widowed.
• veicolo, vehicle.
• vela, sail.
• velare, to veil, cover.
• velluto, velvet.
• velocità, velocity.
• vena, vein.
• venatura, veining, vein.
• vendere, to sell.
• venditore, m., seller, vender.
  • —— su, to grow up.
• venerato, revered, venerated.
• venerazione, veneration.
• veneto, Venetian.
• venire, to come, be;
• venti, twenty.
• vento, wind.
• venturo, future, coming, next.
  • adj., green.
• veramente, truly, really.
• verbo, verb, word.
• verboso, verbose, wordy.
• verde, m., verdure, green;
• verdetto, verdict.
• vergogna, shame.
• vergognarsi, to be ashamed.
• verità, truth.
• vermiglio, red, rosy.
• vero, true, real; truth.
• verrà, fut. of venire.
• verrei, cond. of venire.
  • ——si, to dress.
• verso (di), towards; verse, line, way, side.
• veste, f., garment, clothes.
• vestiario, suit of clothes.
• vestire, to clothe, dress, cover, wear;
• vestitacci, m. pl., old, ragged clothes.
• vestito, suit, clothes, gown.
• vetro, glass, pane of glass.
• vetta, top (of tree).
  • —— —— che, as;
  • —— vai, movement, bustle.
• vettura, carriage, coach.
• vezzo, charm, beauty.
• vi, there; to you, you.
• via, way, road, street; away, on, indeed, come!
  • a ——, in turn.
• viaggiare, to travel.
• viaggiatore, m., traveller, passenger.
• viaggio, journey, voyage.
• vicenda, change, turn, vicissitude;
• vicina, neighbor.
• vicinanza, vicinity.
  • —— da visita, visiting-card.
• vicino, near; neighbor.
• vide, pret. of vedere.
• vien(e), pres. of venire.
• viglietto, note, card;
• vigna, vineyard, vine.
• vigorosamente, vigorously.
• vile, vile, base, abject.
• villaggio, village.
• villeggiare, to stay at one's villa.
• villeggiatura, stay at one's villa.
• vincere, to conquer, win, overcome.
• vino, wine.
• vinse, pret. of vincere.
• vinto, part. of vincere.
• violenza, violence, force.
• virtù, virtue, power.
• visita, visit, call.
• visitare, to visit.
• viso, face, countenance, look.
• vista, sight, eyesight, view, search.
• visto, part. of vedere.
• vita, life, shape, waist.
• vitale, vital, of life.
• vittima, victim.
• vivace, vivacious, lively.
• vivente, living.
• vivere, to live.
• viveri, m. pl., provisions.
• vivificare, to vivify.
• vivo, alive, blooming, vivid.
• viziato, vitiated.
• vocabolario, vocabulary.
• voce, f., voice.
• vocina, soft voice.
• vocione, m., strong, loud voice.
• voga, fashion, vogue.
• vogare, to row.
• voglia, desire, longing.
  • —— dire, to mean, signify;
  • ci vuole, it takes, requires;
  • —— bene a, to wish well, like, love;
  • n. m., will, pleasure.
• voglio, pres. of volere.
• volare, to fly, soar, run.
• volentieri. See volentieri.
• volere, to wish, be willing, want, please;
• volgare, vulgar, common.
• volgere, to turn.
• volontà, will.
  • ——si, to turn, turn round.
• volentieri, willingly.
• volpe, f., fox.
• volta, time.
• voltare, to turn, translate, turn round;
• volto, face.
• volume, m., volume, book.
• voluttà, pleasure, delight.
• vorrà, fut. of volere.
• vorrei, cond. of volere.
• vortice, m., vortex, whirlpool.
• voto, vote.
• vuoi, vuole, pres. of volere.
• vuotare, to empty, drain, hollow out.
  • pl., relatives.
• vuoto, empty, solitary
• Z.
• zampa, paw.
• zio, uncle;
• zitella, maid, spinster.
• zitellona, spinster.
• zotica, rude woman.

ha,
hai,	pres. of avere.
hanno,
ho,

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Heath's Modern Language Series

SPANISH AND ITALIAN.