Cross, S.N., tr. Ttte Russian Primary Chronicle (Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press, 1930).
De Adm.
Constantine Porphyrogenitus, De Administrando Imperio, PG, CXIII.
El
Encyclopaedia of Islam.
JAOS
Journal of the American Oriental Society.
JKGS
Janrbücher für Kultur und Geschichte der Slaven.
Markwart