Transcriber’s Note: Pronunciation markers in the Latin are inconsistent. No attempt has been made to standardize them.
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EUTROPIUS
EDITED FOR SCHOOL USE
BY
J. C. HAZZARD, Ph.D.
PROFESSOR OF LATIN, PORTLAND ACADEMY
NEW YORK ·:· CINCINNATI ·:· CHICAGO
AMERICAN BOOK COMPANY
To
REV. JACOB COOPER, D.D., D.C.L., LL.D.
WITH GRATEFUL AFFECTION
Copyright, 1898, by
AMERICAN BOOK COMPANY.
EUTROPIUS.
W. P. I
PREFACE
The Breviarium of Eutropius has for many years been used successfully in German schools, but, though an American edition was published in the early part of this century, the author has of late years received little attention in this country. Yet in character and subject the Breviarium is admirably adapted for elementary work. While the Viri Romae deals only with the early history of Rome and the lives of a few great men of the republican age, the Breviarium gives an outline of the history of Rome from the founding of the city to the death of the Emperor Jovian in 364 A.D., and is thus in subject closely related to the Latin course. The Latin is good, remarkably so for the time of its composition, and is not so difficult as that of Nepos or of parts of the Viri Romae.
In editing the text the beginner has constantly been had in mind, and so references to the standard Latin Grammars have been added more copiously than some will consider judicious. It has been found, however, by experience in the classroom, that a reference to the grammar when carefully studied is worth far more than a translation of a difficult passage or comment upon it. The grammatical references are placed at the bottom of the page where they belong. In the Notes, which are principally historical and geographical, the editor has tried to aid the student in mastering the difficulties that occur rather than to do his work for him. The references to the histories are intended rather for the teacher than for the pupil. If a few minutes can be spent every day in reading to the class the portions referred to, the time will not be wasted, and it will fill in the outline of the history that the text contains. It is strongly urged that each student should be provided with a copy of some good outline of Roman History (Creighton’s Primer is admirable), and follow the text in it from day to day. In this way a knowledge of the principal facts of Roman History may be obtained with but slight conscious effort on the part of the student.
In the analyses of the books and the chapters the accepted dates have been given, indicating where Eutropius is mistaken in his chronology. In marking the quantities of the long vowels, Lewis, in his Elementary Latin Dictionary, has been followed, except where later authorities differ from him.
The editor desires to acknowledge his obligation to Rev. J. R. Wilson, D.D., Principal of Portland Academy, for advice and assistance, and to Professors Arrowsmith and Whicher, for permission to use material from their First Latin Readings.
The Grammars cited are Harkness’ Standard Latin Grammar (H.), Mooney (M.), Allen and Greenough (A. & G.), Gildersleeve (G.), and Bennett (B.). References to Harkness’ new Latin Grammars (1898) will be found on [p. 242].
J. C. H.
Portland, Oregon,
June, 1898.
CONTENTS
EUTROPĪ
BREVIĀRIĪ AB URBE CONDITĀ
LIBER PRĪMUS
From the Founding of Rome to the Capture of the City by the Gauls, 753-390 B.C. The Regal Period, 753-509 B.C.
Rome Founded, 753 B.C. Romulus, 753-716 B.C.
1. Rōmānum imperium ā Rōmulō exōrdium habet, quī
Rhēae Silviae, Vestālis virginis, fīlius et, quantum putātus
est, Mārtis, cum Remō frātre ūnō partū ēditus est. Is cum
inter pāstōrēs latrōcinārētur,[1] decem et octō annōs[2] nātus
urbem exiguam in Palātīnō monte cōnstituit, XI Kal. Māiās, 5
Olympiadis sextae annō tertiō, post Trōiae excidium, annō
trecentēsimō nōnāgēsimō quārtō.
2. Conditā cīvitāte,[3] quam ex nōmine suō Rōmam vocāvit,
haec ferē ēgit. Multitūdinem fīnitimōrum in cīvitātem
recēpit, centum ex seniōribus[4] lēgit, quōrum cōnsiliō omnia 10
ageret,[5] quōs senātōrēs nōmināvit propter senectūtem. Tum,
cum uxōrēs ipse et populus suus nōn habērent,[6] invītāvit
ad spectāculum lūdōrum vīcīnās urbī Rōmae nātiōnēs atque
eārum virginēs rapuit. Commōtīs bellīs propter raptārum
iniūriam Caenīnēnsēs vīcit, Antemnātēs, Crustumīnōs, Sabīnōs,
Fīdēnātēs, Vēientēs. Haec omnia oppida urbem cingunt.
Et cum ortā subitō tempestāte nōn compāruisset,
annō rēgnī trīcēsimō septimō ad deōs trānsīsse crēditus est 5
et cōnsecrātus. Deinde Rōmae[7] per quīnōs diēs senātōrēs
imperāvērunt et hīs rēgnantibus annus ūnus complētus est.
Numa Pompilius, 715-672 B.C.
3. Posteā Numa Pompilius rēx creātus est, quī bellum
quidem nūllum gessit, sed nōn minus cīvitātī[8] quam Rōmulus
prōfuit. Nam et lēgēs Rōmānīs mōrēsque cōnstituit, quī 10
cōnsuētūdine proeliōrum iam latrōnēs ac sēmibarbarī putābantur,
et annum dēscrīpsit in decem mēnsēs prius sine
aliquā supputātiōne cōnfūsum, et īnfīnīta Rōmae sacra ac
templa cōnstituit. Morbō dēcessit quadrāgēsimō et tertiō
imperiī annō. 15
Tullus Hostilius, 672-640 B.C.
4. Huic successit Tullus Hostīlius. Hīc bella reparāvit,
Albānōs vīcit, quī ab urbe Rōmā duodecimō mīliārio[9] sunt,
Vēientēs et Fīdēnātēs, quōrum aliī sextō mīliāriō absunt
ab urbe Rōmā, aliī octāvō decimō, bellō superāvit, urbem
ampliāvit adiectō Caeliō monte. Cum trīgintā et duōs annōs 20
rēgnāsset,[10] fulmine ictus cum domō suā ārsit.
Ancus Marcius, 640-616 B.C.
5. Post hunc Ancus Mārcius, Numae ex fīliā nepōs, suscēpit
imperium. Contrā Latīnōs dīmicāvit, Aventīnum montem
cīvitātī adiēcit et Iāniculum, apud ōstium Tiberis cīvitātem
suprā mare sextō decimō mīliāriō ab urbe Rōmā condidit.
Vīcēsimō et quārtō annō imperiī morbō periit.
Lucius Tarquinius Priscus, 616-578 B.C.
6. Deinde rēgnum Prīscus Tarquinius accēpit. Hīc numerum
senātōrum duplicāvit, circum Rōmae aedificāvit, lūdōs 5
Rōmānōs īnstituit, quī ad nostram memoriam permanent.
Vīcit īdem etiam Sabīnōs et nōn parum agrōrum sublātum
īsdem urbis Rōmae territōriō iūnxit, prīmusque triumphāns
urbem intrāvit. Mūrōs fēcit et cloācās, Capitōlium incohāvit.
Trīcēsimō octāvō imperiī annō per Ancī fīliōs occīsus 10
est, rēgis ēius, cuī ipse successerat.
Servius Tullius, 578-534 B.C.
7. Post hunc Servius Tullius suscēpit imperium, genitus
ex nōbilī fēminā, captīvā tamen et ancillā. Hīc quoque
Sabīnōs subēgit, montēs trēs, Quirīnālem, Vīminālem, Ēsquilīnum,
urbī adiūnxit, fossās circum mūrum dūxit. Prīmus 15
omnium cēnsum ōrdināvit, quī adhūc per orbem terrārum
incognitus erat. Sub eō Rōma omnibus in cēnsum dēlātīs
habuit capita LXXXIII mīlia cīvium Rōmānōrum cum hīs,
quī in agrīs erant. Occīsus est scelere generī suī Tarquinī
Superbī, fīliī ēius rēgis cuī ipse successerat, et fīliae quam 20
Tarquinius habēbat uxōrem.
Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, 534-510 B.C.
8. L. Tarquinius Superbus, septimus atque ultimus rēgum,[11]
Volscōs, quae gēns ad Campāniam euntibus[12] nōn longē ab
urbe est, vīcit, Gabiōs cīvitātem et Suessam Pōmētiam
subēgit, cum Tuscīs pācem fēcit et templum Iovī in Capitōliō
aedificāvit. Posteā Ardeam oppūgnāns, in octāvō
decimō mīliāriō ab urbe Rōmā positam cīvitātem, imperium
perdidit. Nam cum fīlius ēius, et ipse Tarquinius iūnior,
nōbilissimam fēminam Lucrētiam eandemque pudīcissimam, 5
Collātīnī uxōrem, stuprāsset eaque dē iniūriā marītō et patrī
et amīcīs questa fuisset, in omnium cōnspectū sē occīdit.
Propter quam causam Brūtus, parēns et ipse Tarquinī,
populum concitāvit et Tarquiniō[13] adēmit imperium. Mox
exercitus quoque eum, quī cīvitātem Ardeam cum ipsō rēge 10
oppūgnābat, relīquit; veniēnsque ad urbem rēx portīs clausīs
exclūsus est, cumque imperāsset annōs quattuor et vīgintī
cum uxōre et līberīs suīs fūgit. Ita Rōmae rēgnātum est
per septem rēgēs annīs ducentīs quadrāgintā tribus, cum
adhūc Rōma, ubi plūrimum, vix ūsque ad quīntum decimum 15
mīliārium possidēret.
Establishment of the Republic. Election of Consuls, 509 B.C.
9. Hinc cōnsulēs coepēre, prō ūnō rēge duo, hāc causā
creātī, ut, sī ūnus malus esse voluisset,[14] alter eum habēns
potestātem similem coërcēret.[15] Et placuit nē imperium
longius quam annuum habērent,[16] nē per diūturnitātem potestātis 20
īnsolentiōrēs redderentur, sed cīvīlēs semper essent,
quī sē post annum scīrent futūrōs esse prīvātōs. Fuērunt
igitur annō prīmō ab expulsīs rēgibus cōnsulēs L. Iūnius
Brūtus, quī māximē ēgerat ut Tarquinius pellerētur, et Tarquinius
Collātīnus, marītus Lucrētiae. Sed Tarquiniō Collātīnō 25
statim sublāta est dīgnitās. Placuerat enim nē quisquam
in urbe manēret quī Tarquinius vocārētur. Ergō acceptō
omnī patrimōniō suō ex urbe migrāvit et locō ipsīus factus
est L. Valerius Pūblicola cōnsul.
War with Tarquinius.
10. Commōvit tamen bellum urbī Rōmae rēx Tarquinius,
quī fuerat expulsus, et, conlēctīs multīs gentibus, ut in rēgnum 5
posset restituī dīmicāvit. In prīmā pūgnā Brūtus cōnsul
et Ārūns, Tarquinī fīlius, in vicem sē occīdērunt, Rōmānī
tamen ex eā pūgnā vīctōrēs recessērunt. Brūtum mātrōnae
Rōmānae, dēfēnsōrem pudīcitiae suae, quasi commūnem
patrem per annum lūxērunt. Valerius Pūblicola Sp. Lucrētium 10
Tricipitīnum conlēgam sibi fēcit, Lucrētiae patrem, quō
morbō mortuō iterum Horātium Pulvillum conlēgam sibi
sūmpsit. Ita prīmus annus quīnque cōnsulēs habuit, cum
Tarquinius Collātīnus propter nōmen urbe[17] cessisset, Brūtus
in proeliō perīsset, Sp. Lucrētius morbō mortuus esset. 15
War with Porsenna, 508 B.C.
11. Secundō quoque annō iterum Tarquinius ut reciperētur
in rēgnum bellum Rōmānīs intulit, auxilium eī ferente
Porsennā, Tusciae rēge, et Rōmam paene cēpit. Vērum
tum quoque victus est.
Tertiō annō post rēgēs exāctōs Tarquinius cum suscipī 20
nōn posset in rēgnum neque eī Porsenna, quī pācem cum
Rōmānīs fēcerat, praestāret auxilium, Tusculum[18] sē contulit,
quae cīvitās nōn longē ab urbe est, atque ibi per quattuordecim
annōs prīvātus cum uxōre cōnsenuit.
Quārtō annō post rēgēs exāctōs, cum Sabīnī Rōmānīs 25
bellum intulissent, victī sunt, et dē hīs triumphātum est.
Quīntō annō L. Valerius ille,[19] Brūtī conlēga et quater
cōnsul, fātāliter mortuus est, adeō pauper ut conlātīs ā populō
nummīs sūmptum habuerit[20] sepultūrae. Quem mātrōnae
sīcutī Brūtum annum lūxērunt.
Institution of the Dictatorship, 501 B.C.
12. Nōnō annō post rēgēs exāctōs cum gener Tarquinī 5
ad iniūriam socerī[21] vindicandam[22] ingentem conlēgisset exercitum,
nova Rōmae dīgnitās est creāta, quae dictātūra appellātur,
māior quam cōnsulātus. Eōdem annō etiam magister
equitum factus est, quī dictātōrī obsequerētur. Neque quicquam
similius potest dīcī quam dictātūra antīqua huic 10
imperiī potestātī, quam nunc Tranquillitās Vestra habet,
māximē cum Augustus quoque Octāviānus, dē quō posteā
dīcēmus, et ante eum C. Caesar sub dictātūrae nōmine atque
honōre rēgnāverint. Dictātor autem Rōmae prīmus fuit
T. Larcius, magister equitum prīmus Sp. Cassius. 15
Secession of the Plebeians. Establishment of the Tribunate, 494 B.C.
13. Sextō decimō annō post rēgēs exāctōs sēditiōnem
populus Rōmae fēcit, tamquam ā senātū atque cōnsulibus
premerētur. Tum et ipse sibi tribūnōs plēbis quasi propriōs
iūdicēs et dēfēnsōrēs creāvit, per quōs contrā senātum et
cōnsulēs tūtus esse posset. 20
War with the Volsci, 493 B.C.
14. Sequentī annō Volscī contrā Rōmānōs bellum reparāvērunt,
et victī aciē etiam Coriolōs cīvitātem, quam habēbant
optimam, perdidērunt.
Coriolanus, 491 B.C.
15. Octāvō decimō annō postquam rēgēs ēiectī erant expulsus
ex urbe Q. Mārcius, dux Rōmānus, quī Coriolōs cēperat, 5
Volscōrum cīvitātem, ad ipsōs Volscōs contendit īrātus et
auxilia contrā Rōmānōs accēpit. Rōmānōs saepe vīcit, ūsque
ad quīntum mīliārium urbis accessit, oppūgnātūrus[23] etiam
patriam suam, lēgātīs quī pācem petēbant repudiātīs, nisi
ad eum māter Veturia et uxor Volumnia ex urbe vēnissent,[24] 10
quārum flētū et dēprecātiōne superātus remōvit exercitum.
Atque hīc secundus post Tarquinium fuit quī dux contrā
patriam suam esset.
Slaughter of the Fabii, 477 B.C.
16. C. Fabiō et L. Virgīniō cōnsulibus trecentī nōbilēs
hominēs, quī ex Fabiā familiā erant, contrā Vēientēs bellum 15
sōlī suscēpērunt, prōmittentēs senātuī et populō per sē omne
certāmen implendum. Itaque profectī, omnēs nōbilēs et
quī singulī māgnōrum exercituum ducēs esse dēbērent, in
proeliō concidērunt. Ūnus omnīnō superfuit ex tantā familiā,
quī propter aetātem puerīlem dūcī nōn potuerat ad 20
pūgnam. Post haec cēnsus in urbe habitus est et inventa
sunt cīvium capita CXVII mīlia CCCXIX.
Dictatorship of Cincinnatus, 458 B.C.
17. Sequentī tamen annō cum in Algidō monte ab urbe
duodecimō fermē mīliāriō Rōmānus obsiderētur exercitus, L.
Quīntius Cincinnātus dictātor est factus, quī agrum quattuor
iūgerūm[25] possidēns manibus suīs colēbat. Is cum in opere
et arāns esset inventus, sūdōre dētersō togam praetextam 5
accēpit et caesīs hostibus līberāvit exercitum.
Decemvirs appointed, 451 B.C. Laws of XII Tables promulgated, 450 B.C. Death of Virginia; Decemvirs deposed, 449 B.C.
18. Annō trecentēsimō et alterō ab urbe conditā imperium
cōnsulāre cessāvit et prō duōbus cōnsulibus decem factī
sunt, quī summam potestātem habērent, decemvirī nōminātī.
Sed cum prīmō annō bene ēgissent,[26] secundō ūnus ex hīs, 10
Ap. Claudius, Virgīnī cūiusdam, quī honestīs iam stīpendiīs
contrā Latīnōs in monte Algidō mīlitārat,[27] fīliam virginem
corrumpere voluit; quam pater occīdit, nē stuprum ā decemvirō
sustinēret, et regressus ad mīlitēs mōvit tumultum.
Sublāta est decemvirīs[28] potestās ipsīque damnātī sunt. 15
Revolt of the Fidenates, 438 B.C.
19. Annō trecentēsimō et quīntō decimō ab urbe conditā
Fīdēnātēs contrā Rōmānōs rebellāvērunt. Auxilium hīs
praestābant Vēientēs et rēx Vēientium Tolumnius. Quae
ambae cīvitātēs tam vīcīnae urbī sunt ut Fīdēnae sextō,
Vēī octāvō decimō mīliāriō absint. Coniūnxērunt sē hīs 20
et Volscī. Sed Mam. Aemiliō dictātōre et L. Quīntiō Cincinnātō
magistrō equitum victī etiam rēgem perdidērunt.
Fīdēnae captae et excīsae.
War with Vei, 396 B.C.
20. Post vīgintī deinde annōs Vēientānī rebellāvērunt.
Dictātor contrā ipsōs missus est Fūrius Camillus, quī prīmum 5
eōs vīcit aciē, mox etiam cīvitātem diū obsidēns cēpit,
antīquissimam Ītaliae atque dītissimam. Post eam cēpit
et Faliscōs, nōn minus nōbilem cīvitātem. Sed commōta
est eī invidia, quasi praedam male dīvīsisset, damnātusque
ob eam causam et expulsus cīvitāte.[29] 10
Rome Captured by the Gauls, 390 B.C.
Statim Gallī Senonēs ad urbem vēnērunt et victōs Rōmānōs
ūndecimō mīliāriō ā Rōmā apud flūmen Alliam secūtī
etiam urbem occupāvērunt. Neque dēfendī quicquam nisi
Capitōlium potuit; quod cum diū obsēdissent et iam Rōmānī
famē labōrārent, acceptō aurō, nē Capitōlium obsidērent, 15
recessērunt. Sed ā Camillō, quī in vīcīnā cīvitāte
exsulābat, Gallīs[30] superventum est gravissimēque victī sunt.
Posteā tamen etiam secūtus eōs Camillus ita cecīdit ut et
aurum, quod hīs datum fuerat, et omnia quae cēperant
mīlitāria sīgna revocāret. Ita tertiō triumphāns urbem 20
ingressus est et appellātus secundus Rōmulus, quasi et ipse
LIBER SECUNDUS
From the Capture of the City to the End of The First Punic War, 390-241 B.C.
Military Tribunes with Consular Power Elected, 444 B.C.
1. Annō trecentēsimō sexāgēsimō quīntō ab urbe conditā,
post captam autem prīmō, dīgnitātēs mūtātae sunt, et prō
duōbus cōnsulibus factī tribūnī mīlitārēs cōnsulārī potestāte.
Hinc iam coepit Rōmāna rēs crēscere. Nam Camillus eō
annō Volscōrum cīvitātem, quae per septuāgintā annōs 5
bellum gesserat, vīcit et Aequōrum urbem et Sūtrīnōrum
atque omnēs dēlētīs eārundem exercitibus occupāvit et trēs
simul triumphōs ēgit.
2. T. etiam Quīntius Cincinnātus Praenestīnōs, quī ūsque
ad urbis Rōmae portās cum bellō vēnerant, persecūtus ad 10
flūmen Alliam vīcit, octō cīvitātēs, quae sub ipsīs agēbant,
Rōmānīs adiūnxit, ipsum Praeneste aggressus in dēditiōnem
accēpit. Quae omnia ab eō gesta sunt vīgintī diēbus,[31]
triumphusque ipsī dēcrētus.
3. Vērum dīgnitās tribūnōrum mīlitārium nōn diū persevērāvit. 15
Nam post aliquantum nūllōs placuit fierī et quadriennium
in urbe ita fluxit ut potestātēs ibi māiōrēs nōn
essent. Praesūmpsērunt tamen tribūnī mīlitārēs cōnsulārī
potestāte iterum dīgnitātem et trienniō persevērāvērunt.
Rūrsus cōnsulēs factī. 20
Death of Camillus, 365 B.C.
4. L. Genuciō et Q. Servīliō cōnsulibus mortuus est
Camillus. Honor eī post Rōmulum secundus dēlātus est.
Invasion of the Gauls; Torquatus, 361 B.C.
5. T. Quīntius dictātor adversus Gallōs, quī ad Ītaliam
vēnerant, missus est. Hī ab urbe quārtō mīliāriō trāns
Aniēnem fluvium cōnsēderant. Ibi nōbilissimus dē senātōribus
iuvenis L. Mānlius prōvocantem Gallum ad singulāre
certāmen prōgressus occīdit, et sublātō torque aureō collōque 5
suō impositō in perpetuum Torquātī et sibi et posterīs
cognōmen accēpit. Gallī fugātī sunt, mox per C. Sulpicium
dictātōrem etiam victī. Nōn multō[32] post ā C. Mārciō Tuscī
victī sunt et octō mīlia captīvōrum ex hīs in triumphum
ducta. 10
First Samnite War, 343-341 B.C.
6. Cēnsus iterum habitus est. Et cum Latīnī, quī a Rōmānīs[33]
subāctī erant, mīlitēs praestāre nōllent, ex Rōmānīs
tantum tīrōnēs lēctī sunt, factaeque legiōnēs decem, quī modus
sexāgintā vel amplius armātōrum mīlia efficiēbat. Parvīs
adhūc Rōmānīs rēbus tanta tamen in rē mīlitārī virtūs erat. 15
Quae cum profectae essent adversum Gallōs duce L. Fūriō,
quīdam ex Gallīs ūnum ex Rōmānīs, quī esset[34] optimus,
prōvocāvit. Tum sē M. Valerius tribūnus mīlitum obtulit,
et cum prōcessisset armātus corvus eī[35] suprā dextrum bracchium
sēdit. Mox commissā adversum Gallum pūgnā īdem 20
corvus ālīs et unguibus Gallī oculōs verberāvit, nē rēctum