The Project Gutenberg eBook, A Naval Expositior, by Thomas Riley Blanckley

A
Naval Expositor,

Shewing and Explaining The Words and Terms of Art belonging to the Parts, Qualities and Proportions of Building, Rigging, Furnishing, & Fitting a Ship for Sea.

Also

All Species that are received into the Magazines, and on what Services they are Used and Issued.

Together with

The Titles of all the Inferior Officers belonging to a Ship, with an Abridgment of their respective Duties.

By Thomas Riley Blanckley.

London Printed by E. Owen, in Warwick Lane, and Engraved by Paul Fourdrinier at Charing Cross.

MDCCL.

To the Right Honourable the Lords Commissioners for Executing the Office of Lord High Admiral of Great Britain and Ireland, and of all His Majesty's Plantations, &c.

As the following Sheets have been published by your Lordships Approbation, they are, with the greatest Submission and Gratitude, dedicated to your Lordships,

By,

My Lords,

Your Lordships

Most Obedient,

Most Dutiful,

and

Most Humble Servant,

Thomas Riley Blanckley.

[A]
LIST
OF THE
SUBSCRIBERS.

• A.
• Right Honourable the Lords of the Admiralty (as a Board.)
• Joseph Allin, Esq; Surveyor of His Majesty's Navy.
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• B.
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• E.
• Hon. Capt. Geo. Edgcumbe.
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• Mr John Etherington.
• F.
• Hon. John Forbes, Esq; Rear Admiral of the White Squadron of His Majesty's Fleet.
• Thomas Fox, Esq; Rear Admiral.
• Capt. Thomas Frankland.
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• Sir William Hewett, Bart.
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• Mr Thomas Hickes.
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• Mr Joseph Hughes.
• Mr James Henshaw.
• Mr Nicholas Hinton.
• Mr Lancaster Hull.
• I.
• Capt. Thomas Innes.
• Mr George Jackson.
• Mr Francis Jones.
• Mr Peter Jope.
• K.
• Charles Knowles, Esq; Rear Admiral of the Red Squadron of His Majesty's Fleet.
• Capt. Charles Knowler.
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• L.
• Right Hon. the Earl of Leicester, Post-Master General.
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• Colonel Lyttelton.
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• Mr John Lee.
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• M.
• Mathew Michell, Esq;
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• Mr John Merrifield.
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• Mr Richard Maidman.
• Mr Milburn Marsh.
• Mr George Marsh.
• N.
• Honourable the Principal Officers and Commissioners of His Majesty's Navy, (as a Board.)
• Capt. Abraham North.
• John Nickleson, Esq;
• Mr Henry Nelson.
• Mr William Nobbs.
• O.
• Sir Chaloner Ogle, Knight, Admiral of His Majesty's Fleet.
• Capt. Lucius O Brien.
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• Mr Edward Owen.
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• P.
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• R.
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• Mr Boswell Russell.
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• Mr John Robinson, of Chatham.
• S.
• James Steuart, Esq; Admiral of the White Squadron, of His Majesty's Fleet.
• Capt. Edmund Strange.
• Capt. Charles Saunders.
• Capt. Thomas Sturton.
• Capt. Edward Spragge.
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• Samuel Seddon, Esq;
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• Mr Francis Smith.
• Mr James Samson.
• Mr Samuel Smith.
• T.
• Isaac Townsend, Esq; Admiral of the Blue Squadron of His Majesty's Fleet.
• Capt. Edmund Toll.
• Thomas Tickell, Esq;
• William Tash, Esq;
• Edward Timewell, Esq;
• Bryan Taylor, Esq;
• Lieut. Michael Taylor.
• Mr Thomas Tomlinson.
• Mr William Tattum.
• Mr George Tollett.
• Mr Charles Tollett.
• Mr Thomas Tyndall.
• Mr John Turner, jun.
• Mr Richard Trotten, jun.
• Mr Benjamin Tucker.
• V.
• Right Hon. Lord Vere, Baron of Hanworth.
• Philip Vanbrugh, Esq; Commissioner of the Navy at Plymouth.
• Commissioners for Victualling His Majesty's Navy, (as a Board.)
• Capt. John Vaughan.
• Mr Thomas Vaughan.
• W.
• Hon. Sir Peter Warren, Knight of the Bath, and Vice Admiral of the Red Squadron of His Majesty's Fleet.
• Capt. John Weller, sen.
• Capt. Temple West.
• Capt. Rupert Waring.
• Capt. John Wickham.
• Capt. John Willyams.
• Capt. Thomas Ward.
• Capt. John Wynne.
• William Wood, Esq; Secretary of the Customs.
• Lieut. James Wilson.
• Mr John Ward.
• Mr John Walton.
• Mr William Wilcox.
• Mr Thomas Wyatt.
• Mr Robert Woollett.
• Mr John Wilkes.
• Mr Daniel Whitewood.
• Mr John Wright.
• Y.
• William Young, Esq; Commissioner of the Six-penny Office.
• Mr James Young.

ERRATA.

Page 3, Line 7, instead of Is a Platform, read, Are Platforms.—p. 4. l. 1. instead of Is, read, Are made of.—p. 8. l. 13, instead of Is a long Bolt, read, Are long Bolts.—l. 14. instead of goes round, read, go round.—p. 38. l. 15. instead of Is the Flag, read, Are Flags.—p. 83. l. 1. instead of Are made, read, Is made.—p. 135. l. 12. instead of steeving, read, staving—p. 148. l. 9. instead of stands, read, stand.—p. 181. l. 1. instead of pretuberant, read, protuberant.

Names of each particular Part of a new Ship, as they are put together (in a progressive Manner) for Frameing and Finishing the Structure Building on the Stocks.

N. B. All the foregoing Particulars, upon any Emergency, may, by a sufficient Number of Men, be taken in Hand very nearly together.

[A]
Naval Expositor.

A-Baft
	Are those Parts which are towards theStern of a Ship.
Amain
	A Sea Term, to strike a Main, is to lower atonce.
Anchors
	The Parts of an Anchor are, First, TheRing unto which the Cable is bent or fastened.
	Secondly, The Shank, which is the longestPart of the Anchor; and at the End wherethe Ring goes through, is called the Eye, andwrought Square with two Nutts on it, whichare let into the Stock.
	Thirdly, The Arm is from the Crown tothe Flook.
	Fourthly, The Flook, by some called thePalm, being that broad Part brought on uponthe Arm, like an Arrow Head, the sharpestPart of which is called the Bill, and fastensinto the Ground.
	The Anchors on board a Man of War arethe Sheat, Spare, Best and Small Bower, whichby the Establishment, are all of one Weight,the Stream one Fourth, the Kedge one Eighth,of the large ones; and the First and SecondRates are allowed a small warping one, oneHalf the Weight of the Kedge.
	When the Cable is Perpendicular betweenthe Hawse and the Anchor, it is then said to bea Peek; when hangs right up and down bythe Ship's Side, it is said to be a Cock Bill,upon the Ship's coming to an Anchor; whena Ship drives by the Violence of Wind or Tide,and the Anchor cannot hold her, then it'ssaid to come Home. Those which have lostone of their Flooks, are made use of forMoarings.
Anchor Stock
	A Piece of Wood fastened together withIron Hoops and Treenails upon the Squarenear the Ring, serving to guide the Flook,so as it may fall right and fix in the Ground.
Ditto Tackle
	Are for Loosing too the Stock, so as to beclear of the Bends.
Anchoring
	Is Ground fitting to hold a Ship's Anchor,so as she may safely ride it out in a Storm;stiff Clay, and hard Sand, is esteemed thebest to be chose for that Purpose.
Anvils
	Are used by the Smiths for working allSorts of Iron-work on.
Aprons
	Is a Plat-form raised a little above the Bottomof a Dock at its Entrance, against whichthe Gates shut.
Arm'd
	A Ship is said to be arm'd when fittedin all Respects for War.
Avast
	Signifies to stop, hold, or stay.
Auger Bitts
	Made of several Sizes, and when shut to aShank, are for boreing Holes through thePlank and Timbers, that the Treenails maygo through them, for fastening both together.
Aunings
	Is old Canvas spread by Ropes over theUpper Deck, Quarter Deck, or Poop; andsome Ships have them fitted with thin slitDeal, over the Steering Wheel on the QuarterDeck; and all are to keep off the Sun, Rainor Wind.
Axes
	Are used for cutting up Junk, or cleavingWood.
Backstays
	Are sort of Shrouds, which go up to theTopmasthead, hath Lanyards reev'd throughdead Eyes, and Backstay Plates at the Ship'sSide, are called standing or shifting, and arefor succouring the Topmasts.
Bail or Bale
	Casting or throwing the Water out of aBoat, which when done she is freed.
Ballast
	Is in great Ships generally Beach Stones,and in small Iron, laid in the Hold next theKeelson, in order to keep the Ship stiff, sothat she may bear the more Sail.
Barrels Press
	Are emptied Tar Barrels filled with Clay,to be put on the Drags and Sledges whencloseing Cables in the Rope Yard.
Barrecoes
	Small Casks of Twenty one Inches long,bound with four Iron Hoops, were formerlyallowed to Ships bound on Foreign Voyagesfor fetching Water.
Bars
Capston
	Goes into the Drum-head, at which theMen heave when weighing an Anchor, or purchasinga great Weight.
Port
	Each End goes through a Ring Bolt, andwith Wedges, barrs in the Ports.
Baskets
	Are made use of for carrying Officers Storesin, and several other Uses.
Bason
	Is for Ships to lye in to be repaired, beforeor after taken out of the Dock.
Baulks
	Small rough Firr Timber, used for ShoreingShips when in the Dock, and other such likeuses.
Beak Head
	The foremost End of the Forecastle, frontingthe Head, and limitting the Length of it, andis a becoming Part or Grace of a Ship.
Beak Irons
	Are for turning square, round, and all Sortsof Hoops; and also used by Plumbers, asAnvils are by the Smiths.
Beams
	Large Pieces of Timber cross the Ship, theEnds of which are lodged on the Clamps tosupport the Decks, and also keeps her out toher Breadth, and likewise to bear the Weightof her Ordnance.
Beeswax
	Is used by the Sail-makers for waxing theTwine before they sew the Seams of Canvasfor making Sails.
Beetles Reeming
	Used by the Caulkers for driving in theirIrons into a Ship's Bottom, in order for Caulking.
Bear
	A Ship bears her Ordnance when she carriesher Guns well, when having her Sails abroadin a Gale of Wind she don't heel. Whensails towards the Shore, she is said to bear inwith the Land. When a Ship that was toWindward comes under another's Stern, andgives her the Wind, she is said to bear underher Lee. If sails into an Harbour with theWind large or before the Wind, she is thensaid to bear in with the Harbour. When aShip keeps off from any Land, she is said tobear off from it. When they would expresshow any Cape or Place lieth from another,they say it bears off so, or so,—In Condingalso, they say, bear up to the Helm, (i. e.) lether go more large before the Wind, and bearup round, that is, let her go between her twoSheets, directly before the Wind.
Bells
Cabbin
	Allowed all Ships, for the Use of Admirals,and Commanders, to call their Servants.
Watch
	For striking the Hour at each Box in theYard at Night, and also are allowed all Shipsfor that Service both in the Day and Night.
Belay
	Signifies the same as fasten.
Bench Stakes
	Are used by the Smiths for cold Work ona Vice Bench.
Bend
	In a Ship, there are several, as the Midship-bend,and others called frame Bends, whichshews the Shape of her at the respective Placeswhere they are placed. They say Bend theCable, when it is seized and made fast to theRing of the Anchor. To Unbend the Cableis to loosen it from the Ring of the Anchor,in order to be returned into Store, or cut upfor inferior Uses.
Bilbows
	Is a long Bolt on which are put generallysix or seven Shackles, which goes round aMan's Leg when he has committed any Fault,and for securing him in Case his Offence is sogreat as to deserve further Punishment.
Bildge
	The flatest Part of a Ship's Bottom, andwhen she strikes on a Rock, they say she isBildged.
Birth
	Is a due and proper Distance observed betweenShips lying at an Anchor or under Sail;so also the raising or bringing up the Sides ofa Ship is called Birthing up; also the properPlace aboard for a Mess to put their Chests,&c. is called the Birth of that Mess; also aconvenient Place to Moar a Ship is called theBirth.
Bittacle
	Is a Sort of Locker framed with Deal tohold the Compass, a Glass and Candle, andstands on the Quarter Deck just before theSteering Wheel, by which, he that Steers theShip is enabled to keep her in her right Course.
Bite
	Is any Turn or Part of a Rope that liescompassing; and therefore when they cannottake the End of a Rope in Hand, they say,Give me the Bite, or hold by the Bite.
Bitter
	Any turn of a Cable about the Bitts, iscalled a Bitter, so as that the Cable may belet out by little and little. And when a Shipis stopped by a Cable, they say, She is broughtup by a Bitter. Also that End of the Cablewhich is wound or belayed about the Bitts, iscalled the Bitter-end of the Cable.
Bitts
	Are two perpendicular Pieces of Timber inthe Fore-part of the Ship, bolted to the Gun-Deckand Orlop Beams, their lower Endsstepping in the Footwaaling, the Heads ofwhich are braced with a Cross-piece, andwhen several turns of the Cable are takenover them, is for securing the Ship at anAnchor; there are generally two Pair of them;besides there are others upon the Upper Deck,which are fixed by the Main and Foremast,and called the Topsail Sheat and Jeer Bitts.
Blacking
	Is in small Barrels, and used by the Boatswainsfor making the Yards Black.
Blocks
	Are fitted with Shivers and Pins for RunningRigging to go through, and of the differentNatures following.
Blocks Double
	Has two Shives, and are used for Jeers,Topsail-Runners, Main Bowlines, Mizon Sheats,and Winding Tackle Falls.
Double Ironbound
	The Toptackle Falls for all Ships are reevedthrough them, the upper ones hook into aThimble at the End of the Toprope Pendant;and the lower ones has a Swivel in the Ironbinding, and hooks either to an Eye or Ring-boltupon Deck; and so are those for the CattFalls for Ships from 70 Guns downwards, butwith a large Hook, which takes the Shank ofthe Anchor.
Longtackle
	Has one large and one small Shive, oneabove another, and are used for all singleTackles.
Single
	Has only one Shive.
Clewgarnet & Clewline
	Are made with a Shoulder, and Holes boredthrough the same, for the Strap to go through,in order for Lashing the former about theYards.
Racks
	Are lashed to each Side of the Gammoningin the Head, and has several Shives one aboveanother, through which the Spritsail-lifts,Buntlines, Clewlines, and Sprit Topsail Sheatsgo.
Sheat
Spritsail
	Are turn'd, and has Holes for the Pendants(which serve as a Strap) to go through.
Topsail
	Are made with Shoulders, and lashed to theLow Yard Arms, in order to hall Home theTopsail Sheats.
Snatch
	Has a Hole bored at the Tapering-end, anda Notch cut in the upper Part, for a Bite of aRope to be put in.
Top
	Are bound with Iron, and a Hook turnedfrom the same to hang in the Eye-bolt of theCap; has a Brass Shive and an Iron Pin,through which Block, the Pendant of the Topropegoes for getting up the Topmasts.
Voyal
	The Shive has a Brass Coak let into it,which works on an Iron Pin, by reason of thegreat Strain-hove by the Voyal (brought roundthe Capston) when purchasing the Anchor.
Warping
	Made in the same manner as the Snatchare, but lighter, with a long Iron Pin, whichserves the Man that warps off the Yarn fromthe Winches, for a Handle to hold by.
Treble
	Has three Shives, are used for Fore andMain Jeers for Ships from 100 to 80 Guns;for the Foretop Bowlines of all Rates; MizonJeers from 100 to 60 Guns, and WindingTackle Falls from 100 to 40 Guns.
Do. Ironbound
	With a large Hook for the Catropes, andallowed to Ships from 100 to 80 Guns.
Bluffheaded
	A Ship is said to be so, when she is builtwith small, or too upright Rake forward on.
Board
Elm
	Is used for several Services about the Yard,on board Ships, and repairing Boats, &c.
Firr
	For sheathing Ships Bottoms, flooring theirCabbins, and making Moulds, &c.
Board Wainscot
	For building Barges, Pinnaces and Wherries;and other Uses relating to the Joyners.
Boats
Barge
	Rows with twelve Oars; are allowed to theFlag Officers, as Pinnaces are to Captains.
Launces
	Made use of by the Master's Attendant fortransporting Ships, are built of a great Breadth,and low to the Water for the more convenientlycoyling transporting Hawsers in.
Longboat
	Is the largest Boat belonging to a Ship, andthe strongest built, being used for carryingWater, or Officers Stores to and from the Ship.
Pinnace
	All Ships are allowed one, for the Use ofthe Commanders.
Wherry
	Are allowed to some of the Yard Officers.
Yawl
	Are the inferior and smallest Boats allowedShips.
BoatTackle Pendants
	Are fastened with an Eye pretty near theEnds of the Fore and Main-Yards, with LongtackleBlocks, and through them pass theFalls which are used for hoisting in the Boatupon the Booms, or out of the Ship.
Boatswain
	Is the Officer, who receives into his Chargeall the standing and running Rigging, Cables,Cordage, Anchors, Sails, Boats, and otherStores by Indenture.
Bollards
	Are large Posts set into the Ground, on eachSide of a Dock, and to them (on docking orundocking Ships) are lashed large double ortreble Blocks, through which are reeved theTransporting Hawsers to be brought to theCapstons.
Bolsters
	The Smiths lay them on their Anvils, whenthey stretch or open Holes with Pins.
Bolts
Chain
	Goes through an Eye of the Chain-plate tobe drove into the Ship's Side.
Clench
	When drove, are to be clench'd at eachEnd, to keep them from starting or flying out.
Drawn
	Are of a superior Length, to be cut, uponoccasion, of different Lengths, as wanted.
Drive
	Are used to drive out other Bolts.
Eye
	Are drove into Ships Decks or Sides, forTackle Hooks to hook in, when a great Purchaseis depending.
Fender
	Made with thick Heads, to be drove intoWaals, to save the Ship's Sides from Bruises.
Forelock
	Has a small Eye at one End, in which theForelock is driven, to prevent starting out.
Hatch-barr
	Are small ones, for fastening the Bars downon the Hatches in Time of Fight.
Ragg
	Are full of Jaggs or Barbs on each Side, tokeep them from flying out of the Timber intowhich they are drove.
Ring
	Serve for bringing to the Ports, when theBars are put through their Rings, &c.
Sett
	Are for bringing Planks or other Worksclose to one another.
Wrain
	Has a Ring at one End for a Staff to gothrough, and small Holes made toward theother End for Forelocks, and are used onFrames of Ships for bringing Planks, &c. tothe Sides.
Bolt Staves
	Square Bars of Iron, cut into differentLengths, just put into the Fire, and theirEdges rounded off, preparative to their beingforged into Bolts of any Diameter or Size, asmay be wanted in Haste.
Bonnets
	Are small Sails to be laced on upon theMain or Foresails, and Jibbs of Sloops, Yachtsor Hoys, when fair, or to be taken off in foulWeather.
Boom
	When a Ship makes all the Sail she can,they say she comes Booming; also those Poleswith Bushes or Baskets on the Top, which areplaced near Lakes, to direct how to steer intoa Channel, are called Booms.
Booms
Fire
	Are made out of long Sparrs, and fittedwith a Spud of Iron at the End, and ferril'd;their Use is to prevent Fire-ships boarding, orfending off any others that may fall on boardthem.
Flying Jib
	Runs up the Bowsprit, from which theflying Jib sail is hoisted.
Studdingsail
	Goes along the Yards, through Irons fixedon them, that when they sail before the Wind,the studding Sail being set, causes the Ship togo through the Sea with greater Swiftness.
Boom Irons
	Are made with two Rings, the large oneclips the Yard, and the Booms go through thesmall one.
Boothose Tops
	Are laid on about three Strakes of Plankbelow the Waters Edge with Tallow, and aregenerally given Ships when ordered on aCruize.
Bowles
	Are allowed the Boatswain, for the Use ofthe Men to put their Provision in.
Bowsprits
	Of the Growth of New-England or Riga,are always wrought into sixteen Squares, beforebrought from thence, and are receivedinto Store by their Diameter in Inches.
	When on board, they lie steeving on theHead of the Stern, having the lower End fastenedto the Partners of the Fore-mast, anda Gammoning reeved several Times throughthe Knee of the Head, and farther supportedby the Fore-stay. It carries the Sprit-sail-yard,(Sprit-top-mast in three Deck Ships) Jack Staffand flying Jib Boom.
Bowline
	Is a Rope fastened in three or fourParts of the Leech of the Sail, which is calledthe Bowline Bridle, but the Mizon Bowlineis fastened at the lower End of the Yard.—AllSails have it except the Spritsail andSprit-top-sail, and therefore those Sails cannotbe used close by a Wind; for the Use of theBowline is to make the Sails stand sharp, close,or by a Wind.
Bowline Knot
	Is a Knot that will not slip, by which theBowline Bridle is fastened to the Cringles.
Bowse
	Signifies as much as hawl or pull, thus,hawling upon the Tack is called bowsing uponthe Tack, and when they would have theMen pull altogether, they say, Bouse away.
Braces
	All the Yards in a Ship, except the Mizon,has two; there is a Pendant made with anEye, which goes round the Yard Arms, atwhose other End there is a Block, throughwhich the Brace is reeved, and their use is tosquare, traverse, or right the Yard, that is, tobring it so, that it shall stand at Right Angleswith the Length of the Ship. The MainBrace comes to the Poop, the Main-top-sailBrace to the Mizon Top, and thence to theMain Shrouds; the Fore and Fore-top-sailBraces come down by the Main and Main-top-mastStays, and so all the rest: But the MizonBowline serves for a Brace to that Yard, andthe Cross Jack Braces are brought forward tothe Main Shrouds, and the Mizon-top-sailBraces go through Blocks at the Mizon Peek.
Brackets
	Are Pieces fayd on the Outside of the Timbersin the Head, and between the Stern andGallery Lights, and were formerly carved.
Brails
	Small Ropes reeved through Blocks, whichare seized on either Side of the Mizon Course,a little Distance off upon the Yards, so thatthey come down those Sails, and are fastenedat the Skirt of them to the Cringles. Theiruse is for furling the Mizon, to hawl up itsBunt, that it may the more readily be takenup or let fall. These Brails belong to Yachts,and Hoys Main-sails.
Brasses for Wheels
	Are let into the Heads of Laying or SpinningWheels at the Rope Yard, for the Whirlsto work on.
Breast Hooks
	Are crooked Pieces of Timber lying transverseto the Stem, which being bolted on bothSides, and also through the Stem, they therebybrace both Bows together.
Breeming
	Is burning off the Weeds, Filth, &c. (whicha Ship contracts under Water,) with Furze,Faggots or Reed, before her Bottom is caulkedand graved, and this is done when in theDock, on the Carreen, or on the Groundashore.
Brimstone
	Being mixed with Oyl, is used by the MasterCaulker for paying Ships Bottoms.
Brooms
	For cleaning the Ships, Store-houses, orYards, &c.
Brushes
Blacking
	Used by the Boatswain for blacking theShip's Yards, &c.
Large
	For cleaning Admirals, Captains and LieutenantsCabbins on board a Ship.
Brushes Tarr
	For paying Rigging, Masts, or Blocks, &c.
Buckets
	Used for drawing Water to clean the Decks,&c.
Bucklers
	Are to prevent the Water washing in at theHawse-holes.
Buildgeways
	A Frame of Timber fayd to the Outside ofa Ship under her Buildge, for the more securelyand commodiously launching her.
Bulk of a Ship
	Is her whole Content in the Hold forStowage.
Bulkhead
	Is a Partition that goes athwart the Ship, asat the great Cabbin, Steerage and Forecastle,&c.
Bunt
	Is the middle Part of the Sail, when formedinto a Kind of Bag or Cavity, that the Sailmay receive the more Wind, and is chieflyused in Top-sails.
Buntlines
	Are small Ropes, made fast to the Bottomof the Sails, in the middle Part of the Boltropeto a Cringle, and so are reeved through asmall Block, seized to the Yard; their Use isto trice up the Bunt of the Sail, for the betterfurling of it up.
Buoys
Cann
	Are hooped with Iron, and made verystrong, in Shape of a Cann; their Use is tolie on Shoals or Sands for Marks.
Nunn
	Are made tapering at each End, and filledwith Rhine Hoops and some Iron, which beingstrapped with Ropes, are fastened to theBuoy-rope, so as to float directly over theAnchor.
Wood
	Are made out of old Masts, &c. and hatha large Hole made at one End, through whichthe Buoy-rope is reeved, and serves for theaforesaid Uses: From hence the Word Buoyant,signifies any Thing that is floatable.
BurdenorBurthen
	Of a Ship, is her Content, or the Numberof Tuns she will carry, to compute which,(according to the Rule of Shipwrights Hall) isto multiply the Length of the Keel, by herBreadth and half Breadth, and divide by 94,gives the Number of Tuns.
Burton
	Is a small Tackle, to be fastened any whereat Pleasure, fitted with two single Blocks, andits Use is to hoist small Things.
Ditto Pendants
	Short Ropes, which at one End is fastenedeither to the Head of the Mast, End of theYards, on the Main Stay, or Back of the Rudder;and at the other End hath a Thimblespliced in, or a Block to reeve a Fall through.
Butt
	Is the End of any Plank which joins to anotheron the Outside of a Ship under Water;and therefore when a Plank is loose at oneEnd, they call it springing a Butt, to preventwhich, they are usually bolted at the Ends.
Buttock
	That Part of the Ship's Stern under theWing Transom, whether round or square.
Bow
	Is the Round of a Ship's Side forward, reckonedfrom the After-bitts (on the Gundeck)to the Stem; if she hath a broad Bow, theycall it a Bold-bow; if a narrow thin Bow, itscalled a Lean-bow.
Cables
	Allowed a Ship for Channel Service, are distributedin this Manner, two being spliced togetherare called the Sheat-shot; three, theBest-bower; one the Small-bower, and oneSpare; but if they go a Foreign Voyage, thenthey are allowed another, which is either bentto the Spare or Small-bower, and are all ofone Size; and all Ships are likewise alloweda Stream, which being bent to their respectiveAnchors, holds the Ship fast when she rides.To serve round, or Plat the Cable, is bind aboutit old Rope, Canvas, &c. to keep it fromgawling in the Hawse, &c. Splice the Cable,is to make two fast together, by working theseveral Strands one into the other. Coyl theCable, is to roll it up round in a Ring, ofwhich the several Rolls one upon another arecalled the Cable Tire. Pay or Veer moreCable, is let more out from the Ship. Whentwo or three Cables are spliced together, it iscalled a Shot.
Callipers
	Are for taking the Diameter of Timber,Masts, Yards, and Bowsprits, before receivedinto Store.
Caulking
	Is driving in Ocham, spun Hair, or Hemp,into the Seams of the Planks, to prevent theShip's Leaking.
Cambring
	A Deck lies Cambring, when it lies notlevel, but higher in the Middle than at eitherEnd: Also if the Keel is bent in the Middleupwards, they say, She is Camberkeeled.
Candles
	Are used in the several Offices, by the Artificersto work at Night, in Ships Holds, fortaking out their Ballast, and are allowed Quarterlyto the Officers of the Ships in Ordinary.
Canvas
	Used for making Sails, Awnings, Tarpawlings,&c.
Canvas Hoses
Are for starting Water into or out of Casks.
Cap
	Is a square Piece of Timber put over theHead, or upper End of the Mast, having around Hole to receive the Mast; by them theTop-masts and Top-gallant-masts are keptsteady and firm in the Tressle-trees, where theirFeet stand, as those of the lower Masts do intheir Steps.
Capstons
	Are of two Kinds in a Ship, the Jeer andthe Main. The Jeer Capston is placed betweenthe Main and Fore-mast, and its Use ischiefly to heave upon the Jeer, or to heaveupon the Voyal, when the Anchor is weighing.The Main is placed Abaft the Main-mast, itsFoot, or lower End standing in a Step on thelower Deck, and its Head is between the twoupper Decks. Its several Parts are thus called,the main Substance or Post is the Barrel orSpindle; the Brackets set upon the Body arecalled Whelps; the thick Piece of Elm at theEnd of the Barrel, in which the Barrs go, iscalled the Drum-head. The Pawl is a Pieceof Iron bolted at one End to the Beams, orupon Deck, close to the Body of the Capston,to stop it from turning back, and this theycall Pawl the Capston; the Use of them areto weigh the Anchors, hoist up or strike downTop-masts, heave any weighty Thing, or tostrain any Rope that requireth a main Force.The Terms are, Come up Capston, (i. e.) slackthe Voyal which you heave by, in which Sensealso they say, Launch or Pawl, that is, stop itfrom going back.
Capston Pins & Chains
	Goes into the Drum-head of the Capston,and through the Barrs to prevent them flyingout of the Holes.
Carreen
	A Ship is said to be brought on a Carreen,when the most Part of her Lading, &c. beingtaken out, she is laid along-side of the Hulk,which being lower than her, is hawled downas low as Occasion requires, in order to trimher Bottom, to caulk her Seams, or to mendany Thing that is at fault under Water.
Carlings
	Are square Pieces of Timber ranging fromBeam to Beam Fore and Aft the Ship, whichbeing supported by Scores in their respectiveBeams, they thereby contribute to strengthenthe Deck.
Carpenter
	Is the Officer charged with the Masts, Yardsand Stores proper to his Province.
Carvel Work
	In Boats, the Boards are fayd to lye fair toone another, so as that the Seams of Longboatsand Pinnaces may be caulked withoutDifficulty.
Catharpings
	Are small Ropes running in little Blocksfrom one Side of the Shrouds to the other, nearthe Deck; their Use is to force the Shroudstaught, for the Ease and Safety of the Mastswhen the Ship rowls; they are also used atthe upper Part of the Shrouds, but there, wornRope, from three and an half, to two andan half Inches is used, and do not run throughBlocks, but has several turns taken in them,and are made fast.
Cathead
	Pieces of Timber projecting over the Ship'sBow from the Fore-Castle at the After-end ofthe upper Rail of the Head, so far as to clearthe Flook of the Anchor from the Ship's Side,in order to lodge it on the fore Channel, thatit may the more freely be let go again toAnchor the Ship in any Road or Harbour. Atone End of which Shivers are let in, in whichis reeved a Fall which passes through a largeIron bound treble or double Block; and atthe End of a Pendant a large Hook is fixed,and called the Fish Hook, and is to trice upthe Anchor from the Hawse to the Top of theFore-Castle.
Chafe
	A Rope Chafes when it galls or frets byrubbing against any Thing that is rough orhard.
Chains
Buoy
	Are used for rideing the Cann Buoys on theShoals or Sandheads.
Pendant
	Are large, one End of them being madefast to a Claw ashore, and the other to theMoaring Cable; the Ships in Harbour Rideby them.
Shankpainter
	Goes round the Shank of the Anchor tosupport it, when hove up at the Bow.
Top
	Are for slinging the Yards in Time of Fight.
Channels
	Are Fore, Main and Mizon, which is Plankplaced an Edge, against the upper Edge of theWaal, and of a convenient Length for sucha Number of dead Eyes the Ship requires, andso broad as to keep the Shrouds from touchingthe upper Rails.
Channel Waals
	Are wrought thicker than the Plank, andgoes Fore and Aft; are placed in the Midshipagainst the upper Deck, and shews the Sheerof the Ship; besides, is a great Strengtheningto her Sides, as well as Benefit of shoreing herin a Dock.
Chambers for Pumps
	Are Cast in Brass, which were used formerly,and put into the lower Part of thePump, to prevent the Chain, when working,from galling the Pump.
Carts
Dung
	Runs on two Wheels, is made close forcarrying Earth, Ballast, &c.
Rave
	Runs on two Wheels, and is made open,not unlike a Waggon.
Scandaroon
	Runs on two solid Truck Wheels, and isfor carrying Timber.
Timber
	Runs on four solid Truck Wheels, fittedwith Iron Axle Trees and Brass Coaks; andon them the Timber is put out of the Hoys,to be carried to its respective Births about theYard.
Charcoal
	Used by the Plumber for melting Sodder,and by the Sail-maker for stoving Boltropes.
Chase
	Signifies Pursuit.
Cheeks of the Head
	Are small Knees fayd on each Side of theKnee of the Head, bracing it securely to bothBows.
Ditto for Masts
	Are two pieces of Oak fayd to the Headof the Mast on each Side, to make good theWant of Firr, and also makes them strongerthan if they were made out of the same Tree.
Chestrees
	Are Pieces of Timber fayd perpendicularlyup and down the Ship's Sides, not quite sofar forward as the Fore-castle; their Use isfor the Main Tack to be hawl'd through.
Chests
	To hold
Arms
	Small Arms.
Colour
	The Boatswain's Colours, &c.
Compass
	The Compasses.
Nail
	The Carpenter's Nails.
Powder
	The Gunner's Powder.
Chimneys
	Are made of Copper, and placed on theFore-castle for carrying Smoak clear out ofthe Cook-Room.
Chyrurgeon
	Is to take Care of the sick, maimed orwounded Seamen on board.
Clamps
	Strakes of Plank in great Ships, on the Gundeck,eight or nine Inches thick, fayd to theSides, to support the Ends of the Beams.
Ditto Hanging
	May be fixed to any Place about the Ship'sSides for fastening Ropes to, to hold Stagesfor the Men to work on, &c.
Claws
	For Moarings are framed of Wood, piledand Land tyed with a Piece of thick Timbera-cross next the Water's Edge, in which is anIron Shackle let in, for the Pendant Chain tobe fixed to.
Clay
	Made use of by the Scavel Men and Labourers,for filling up Dams to keep outWater, from running into the Docks, &c.
Cleats
	Are to belay small Rigging to; likewise allYards have a Pair in the Slings to stop; theParrell and Jeer Blocks, and a Pair at eachYard-Arm to stop the Straps of the TopsailSheat Blocks from sliding any further on.
Clencher Work
	The Boards are laid landing one upon theEdge of the other, not unlike Weather boarding,and worked so, on Deal Yawls.
Clew
	Of the Sail, is the lower Corner whichreaches down to the Earing, where the Tacksand Sheats are fastened, so that when a Sailis cut, goreing, or slopeing by Degrees, it issaid to spread a great Clew.
Clew garnet
	Is a Rope fastened to the Clew of theSail, and from thence runs in a Block, seizedto the Middle of the Fore or Main Yard; itsUse is to hawl up the Clew of the Sail, closeto the Middle of the Yard, in order to itsbeing furl'd.
Clewline
	Is the same to the Top-sails, Top-gallant-sailsand Sprit-sails, as the Clew-garnet is tothe Fore and Main Courses, and is of the verysame Use in a Gust of Wind; when a Topsailis to be taken in, they first hawl homethe Lee Clewline, and then the Sail is takenin the easier.
Clinch
	Is that Part of a Cable which is bent to theRing of the Anchor, seized or made fast.
Coach
	Is before the Bulk-head of the Round-houseor Captain's Cabbin on the Quarter Deck,when a Flag Ship, and made use of for diningin, as the Steerage is.
Coaks
	Are made of Brass, and let into the Shivesof Voyal Blocks through which the Iron Pingoes; and also into the Wheels of TimberCarts wherein the Iron Axle-trees work.
Coats
	Are Pieces of tarr'd Canvas which are putabout the Masts at the Partners, and are alsoused at the Rotherhead, and there called aHelm-coat.
Cocks
Furnace
	Are soddered on to the Furnaces to let theirliquor out, &c.
Stop
	Are used at the Cistern the Men Pump theWater into, with which they can stop anyBranch or Pipe that goes to the OfficersLodgings, or the Jetty Heads for watering Ships.
Water
	Are used at the Officers Lodgings, &c.
Bosses
	Are square Pieces of Brass into which theCocks are sodder'd.
Cockpit
	Is a Plat-form on the Orlop Abaft, wherethe Steward Room, Purser and Chirurgeon'sCabbins are built.
Cold Chissels
	Are for cutting off any Bolt.
Collar
	Of the Forestay is seized round the Bowsprit,the Main fastened about the Beak-head,and the Mizon about the Main-mast, havingdead Eyes fixed in them, through which theLanyards go, as well as those at the End ofthe Stays.
Collers
	Are used by the Smiths to work Anchors in.
Colours, Ensigns
	Is the Flag hoisted at the Stern of a Ship,in the Canton of which the Union is placed.
Colours
Flags
	Are Colours which the Admirals of theFleet are allowed. The Admiral carries hisat the Main-top-mast-head; the Vice-Admiralat the Fore, and the Rear-Admiral his at theMizon-top-mast-head; beside there is allowedto each Flag a Proportion of Signal Colours.
Lord High Admiral
	Is a red Flag, which has the Anchor andCable in yellow Bewper, placed in the Centerof it.
Pendants
	Are of different Lengths, cut pointing towardsthe End, and there divided into twoParts, and are hoisted on a Spindle at theTop-mast-head; and those for Yard Arms arecalled Distinction Pendants, and used forSignals.
Jacks
	Are hoisted on a Staff at the Bowsprit End,and made in the same Manner (those for Menof War) as the Union Flags are; and thosefor Naval Vessels have the Arms of the Officethe Vessel belongs to, placed in them.
Standard
	Hoisted at the Main-top-mast-head whenHis Majesty is on board; when the Admiralof the Fleet hoisteth it at the Mizon-top-mast-headit is for all Flag Officers. When in theMizon Shrouds the English Flags only; andwhen put abroad at the Mizon-top-mast-headand a Pendant at the Mizon Peek, then theFlags and Land General Officers; when onthe Ensign Staff, the Vice or Rear Admiralsof the Fleet, or those that Command in thesecond or third Posts, are to come aboard.
Vanes
	Are allowed Boatswains to put at the otherMastheads, where the Pendant don't fly.
Comeings
	Are Comeing Carlings, that go Fore andAft on the middle and upper Deck, as far aswhere the Grateings are; the Midship Edgehas a Rabbit for the Grateings to lodge in,and the Edge is as much above the Deck, asthe Deck is thick, to stop the Water. TheHatchways on the Gun Deck has Comeingsround them, but Comeing Carlings is onlyPlank sayd flat on the Deck, so thick as toturn the Water.
Commanders
	Are used by the Riggers or Seamen, withwhich they drive in the Fidds for SpliceingCables, &c.
Compasses
Azimuth
	Is an Instrument made in a large Brass Box,with Imbers and a broad Limb, having NinetyDegrees diagonally divided, with an Indexand Thread to take the Sun's Amplitude orAzimuth, in order to find the Difference betweenthe Magnetical Meridian and the Sun'sMeridian, which shews the Variation of theCompass.
Brass Box
	They stand in the Bittacle, that the Menat the Steering Wheel may see to keep theShip in her right Course.
Hanging
	Flag Officers are generally furnished withthem to hang up in their great Cabbins.
Cond
	Is to Guide or Conduct a Ship in her rightCourse; he that Conds gives the Word ofDirection to the Men at the Steering Wheelhow to Steer.
Cook
	Is a Warrant Officer that dresses the Ship'sCompanys Victuals.
Cookroom
	Is variously seated, generally in the Fore-Castle,but in some great Ships it is on theMiddle Deck, and in lesser on a Plat-formunder the Deck.
Cordage
	Is in general all the Ropes belonging to theStanding or Running Rigging of a Ship, andis also distinguished by,
Cablelaid
	Is made with nine Strands, (i. e.) the firstthree Strands are laid slack, and then three ofthem being closed together makes a Cable orCablet; the same for Tacks, but they are laidtapering.
Hawserlaid
	Is made only with three Strands.
Stays
	Are Cablelaid, but made with four Strandsas Cables are with three, with an Addition ofan Heart which goes through the Center ofthem.
Counter
	Is the arching Part of the Stern above theWing Transom, and the lower is from theWing Transom to the Upper Deck, and theother is from the Upper Deck to the lowerEdge of the Ward-room or Great Cabbin, theProjecture of which, is lower almost the Quadrantof a Circle.
Course
	The Point of the Compass on which a ShipSteers.
Courses
	In a Ship are her low Sails, and when she Sailsunder them only, they say she goes under herCourses.
Coxswain
	Is the Person who sits in the Box at theBoat's Stern, Steers her, hath the Direction andCommand of the Boat's Crew.
Coyle
	When Cables or Ropes are placed in around or oval Ring, one fake (or turn) uponone another, so that they may the more easilybe stowed out of the Way, and also run outfree and smooth without Kinks as they callthem, i. e. without twisting or doubling, thenthey are said to be coyled up.
Crabb
	An Engine of Wood with three Clawsplaced on the Ground like a Capston, and isused at launching or heaving Ships into theDock.
Cradle
	A Frame of Timber fayd to the Outside ofa Ship under her Buildge, for the more securelyand commodiously Launching her.
Craft
	Are small Vessels, such as Ketches, Hoys,Smacks, &c. they call all such small Craft.
Cramps
	Short Pieces of Iron, whose Ends beingturned down, are let into Stones, and meltedLead being run into the Holes, binds twoStones fast together.
Cranes
	Are placed on the Wharfs for hoisting upAnchors, Timber, and other bulky Weights.
Cranes Chimney
	For hanging a Kettle or Pot on in the CookRoom.
Cranes Gangway
	Are hung in the Wast of the Ship, andwhen Deals are laid on them, make a Gangwayfrom the Quarter Deck to the Fore-Castle.
Crank
	A Term for a Ship that cannot bear herSails for fear of overseting, or cannot bebrought on Ground without Danger of injureingher Body.
Cranks
Bell
	Made fast to the Stock, for ringing it.
Lantern
	Supports the Lanterns, either at the Ship'sStern, or at the Round Top.
Creeper
	Made like a Grapnel, but without Flooks,the Use of which is to recover sunken Storesthat may be lost over-board.
Cringles
	Are small Pieces of Rope spliced into theBody Rope of Courses and Topsails, and are,
	First, The Bowline Cringle, to which theBowline Bridle is fastened.
	Second, Leech Cringle, where the Leechlinesand Clewgarnets are made fast.
	Third, Reef Cringle, to which is fastenedthe Reef-tackle Tye.
	There are also Cringles made of Iron,which are Rings to go round the Stays of Hoysor Yachts, and are seized to their Fore-sailsand Jibbs for the more easy hoisting them.
Crossjack
	Is a Yard flung at the upper End of theMizon Mast under the Top; it hath noHalyards belonging to it; its Use is to spreadand hawl Home the Mizon-top-sail Sheats.
Crosspiece.
	Is a great Piece of Timber which goesa-cross the Bitts of a Ship, and about whichseveral Turns of the Cable are taken whenshe Rides at Anchor.
Crosstrees.
	Are Pieces that go a-cross the Tressle-treesat each of the standing Mast-heads; there aretwo and three to a Top-mast.
Crotches
	Are very crooked Pieces of Timber in theHold or Bread-room, from the Mizon StepAft, fayd cross the Keelson to strengthen theShip in the Wake of the half Timbers.
Crotches Iron
	Are used on board Sloops or Long Boats,which go with Shoulder of Mutton Sails, fortheir Boom to lodge upon.
Crows
	Are made with a Claw at one End, and asharp Point at the other, and used for heavingor purchasing great Weights.
Crowfoot
	Are small Ropes put through the Holes ofdead Eyes, and divided into several Parts, andspreads from the Rim of the Tops, pointwaysto a Tackle on the Stays, for preventing theTopsails getting foul of them.
Cuddy
	Is a Place upon the Quarter Deck Afore theCaptain's Cabbin. When an Admiral is onboard, it is divided into Partitions for theSecretary's Office.
Culm
	Is used for burning Plymouth Marble Stone,or Chalk, to make Lime.
Davit
	A Piece of Timber in a Ship having a Notchat one End, in which, by a Strap, hangs aBlock called the Fish Pendant Block, the Useof which is, to hawl up the Flook of theAnchor, in order to fasten it to the Ship'sBow; this Davit is shiftable from one Side tothe other as occasion serves.
Dead Eyes
	Are a Kind of Blocks having three Holesin them, and through them the Lanyards go,which make fast the Shrouds below to theChains; the Fore, Main and Mizon Stays ofa Ship are set taught by dead Eyes, but theyhave only one Hole through which the Lanyardshave several Turns passed through them.
Crowfoot
	Has a great many Holes bored through them,wherein is reeved the Crowfoot for the Top.
Ironbound
	Serves (in Case a Chain Plate gives way)with being hooked to a Shroud Ess as a ChainPlate.
Dead
Reckoning
	Is that Estimation, Judgment or Conjecturewhich is made where a Ship is, by keeping anAccount of her Way by the Logg, in knowingthe Course they have steered by the Compass,and by rectifying all the Allowance for Drift,Leeway, &c. according to the Ship's Trim, sothat this reckoning is without any Observationof the Sun, Moon and Stars, and is to berectified as often as any good Observation canbe had.
Riseing
	Are Pieces of Timber put on the Keel oneupon another Afore and Abaft; there is moreor less according as the Ship is either full orlean; if the latter, the dead Wood is so putthat the Floor Timbers would be within aSquare.
Water
	Is the Water just behind the Stern of aShip, and if a great Eddy follows her, theysay, she makes much Dead-water; this iscalled so, because it doth not pass away soswiftly as the Water running by her Side.
Deals Ordinary
	Are used by the House Carpenters andJoyners for Flooring, making Bulk-heads, &c.
Deals Prusia
	For Ships upper Works, or laying theirDecks.
Deck
	Is a planked Floor, on which the Guns lye,and Men walk. In great Ships there are threeDecks, Upper, Middle and Gun, besides aQuarter Deck, which reaches from the Bulk-headof the Round-house, to very near theMain-mast.
Diall
	A Square Piece of Wood, framed and madenot unlike the Dial Plate of a Clock, whereonthe Hours are painted, fixed to the Mizon-Mast,and after the Ship's Bell being struck,they put the Hand of it to the Hour.
Dipping Needle
	A Magnetical Needle, so hung, that insteadof playing horizontally, and pointing out N°and S°, one End dips and inclines to theHorizon, the other Points to a certain Degreeof Elevation.
Division
	Or Squadron, being Part of a Fleet, commandedby a Flag Officer or Commodore.
Dock
	Is made by the Side of the Harbour fortaking in Ships, and Men to work in, in orderto build or repair them.
	A Dry-Dock, the Water is kept out byGates, 'till a Ship is built or repaired, but afterthat, can easily be let in to Float and Launchher.
	A Wet-Dock is a Place where a Ship liesa Float at all Times of Tide to be repaired in.
Dogger
	A small Vessel built after the Dutch fashion,with a narrow Stern, and commonly but oneMast.
Doggs
Fire
	To burn Wood on.
Timber
	Are drove into Timber for Horses to drawit about the Yard, or to the Saw-pits.
Drabler
	Made of Canvas, to be added to a Bonnetwhen there is need of more Sail.
Drags
	Are for clearing the Aprons of the Docksof the Filth, that the Gates may the better,and without Difficulty, open and shut.
Drift Sail
	Used under Water, veered Right out a-head,upon the Sea in a Storm, being to keep theShip's Head Right upon the Sea.
Drive
	A Ship is said to drive, when her Anchorswill not hold her fast; to prevent which, theyVeer out more Cable, (for the more she hasout, the surer and safer she Rides) or else theylet go more Anchors.
Earing
	Is that Part of the Boltrope which at thefour Corners of the Sail is left open in theForm of a Ring; the two uppermost of whichare put over the Yard-Arms to fasten the Sailto the Yard: And into those at the Foot, theTacks and Sheats are seized or bent to theClews.
Ease the Ship
	Done by slackening the Shrouds when theyare too stiff set up.
Eddy
	When the Water turns back contrary to theTide.
End for End
	When a Rope is all run out of the Block,&c.
Engines Water
	Are for extinguishing any Fire that mayhappen on board a Ship, when Breaming,Cleaning, or Graving, on which occasion aNumber stand ready filled with Water on eachSide of the Dock, and Mann'd, to preventany fatal Accident of Fire.
Esses
Kettle
	For a Kettle or Pot to hang on in theCook-Room.
Shroud
	To hook into an Iron-bound dead Eye, toserve as a Chain-plate in Case of Need.
Eye
	The Compass or Ring left in the Strap ofany Block, which is called the Eye of theStrap.
Fagg
	The End of those Strands which do notgo through the Tops, when a Cable or Ropeis closed, are called Faggs.
Fake
	Is one Round or Circle of a Cable orHawser coyled up out of the Way.
Fall
	That Part of the Rope of a Tackle whichis hauled upon, is called a Fall. Also whena Ship is under Sail, and keeps not so near theWind as she should do, they say, She Falls off:Or when a Ship is not flush, but hath riseingsof some Parts of her Decks more than others,it is called Falls.
Fashion Pieces
	Are two Compassing Pieces of Timber, intothem are fixed on each Side, the Transom.
Fathom
	A Line of small Rope cut six Feet long,and used for measuring the Length of Cablesand Cordage.
Fend
	For defending or saving a Boat from beingstaved against the Rocks, Shore, or Ships Sides.
Fenders
	Signifies any Pieces of Junk or old Cable,hung over the Ship's Sides, to keep othersfrom rubbing against her. Boats have also thesame.—Those made of Iron are for the Hearthin the Cook-Room.
Fidds
Spliceing
	Are used to splice or fasten Ropes together,and are made tapering at one End; and soare those made of Wood, which are used forspliceing Cables. So there is also one goesthrough the Heel of the Top-mast, whichbears upon the Chess-trees, and are called
Topmast
	Top-mast Fidds.
Files
	Are for wheting Saws, and used by theSmiths in their Works.
Fire
Fork	For the Use of the Cook-Room.
Shovell
Tongs
Fishes
	Are Pieces of Timber put upon the Mastsand Yards if sprung, or for strengtheningthem, least they should fail in Stress of Weather.
Fishing Geer
	A Sett which consists of Nets, Lines, Hooks,&c. is allowed to each Ship which goes to theEast and West Indies, Virginia, Guinea, NewEngland, New York, St. Helena, and the Cape,and South Carolina.
Fish Pendant
	Hangs at the End of the Davit, by theStrap of the Block, to which the Fish Hookis spliced, by which means the Flook of theAnchor is hawled up to the Ship's Bow orChanwaal.
Flareing
	When a Ship is a little housing in, near theWater, and the upper Work hangs over, or isbroader aloft.
Flatts
	Is a Midship, and as many Timbers Aforeand Abaft, that has no more riseing than theMidship Flatt, are all called Flatts.
Flitting
	Altering or removing a dead Eye in theLow or Top-mast Shrouds and Backstays, eitherto lengthen or shorten them, is calledFlitting.
Float
	Is an Instrument used by the Smiths to maketheir Work smooth, instead of a File.
Floor
	Are those Timbers lying transverse to theKeel, being bolted through it; they are thefirst laid in the Order of building, and wherethe Floor sweep begins, there the Streight oneEnds; and when there is a great many Flatts,that has little or no rising, than we say, Shecarries her Floor a great Way Fore and Aft.And strictly taken, is so much only of herBottom as she rests upon, when lying a-ground.
Flown Sheats
	A ship sails with Flown Sheats when theyare not hauled Home, or close to the Blocks;they say when in a Gust of Wind, Let fly theSheats, for fear the Ship should overset orspring her Top-masts.
Flush
	When the Deck of a Ship has no Bulk-headsfrom Stem to Stern, they say, Her Decks areFlush Fore and Aft.
Foot waaling
	Is all the Inboard Planking, from theKeelson upwards to the Orlop Clamps.
Fore Castle
	Is that Part where the Fore-mast stands,and it is divided from the Rest of the Floorby the Bulk-head, in which generally theCook-Room is built; as are the Boatswain,Carpenter and Cook's Cabbins.
Fore Foot
	Is the foremost Part of the Keel, that firsttakes the Ground.
Forelocks
	Are little flat Wedges made of Iron, usedat the Ends of Bolts to keep them from flyingout of the Holes.
Fore reach
	A Ship fore reaches upon another, whenboth sailing together, one Sails better, or outgoeth the other.
Forks
Breeming
	Used by the Caulkers, to hold the FurzFaggots, when on fire, for cleaning Ships bottoms,when to be graved.
Flesh
	For taking Pieces of Beef or Pork, whendressed by the Cook, out of the Furnaces.
Foul
	When a Ship has been long untrimmed, sothat Grass, Weeds, or Barnacles stick, or growto her Sides under Water, she is then said tobe Foul; also a Rope is Foul when it is eithertangled in its self, or hindered by another, sothat it cannot run or be over hawled.
Foul Water
	A Ship is said to make Foul-water, whenbeing under Sail, she comes into such ShoalWater, that though her Keel do not touch theGround, yet she comes so near it, that theMotion of the Water under her, raiseth theMud from the Bottom.
Founder
	A Ship is said to Founder, when by anyextraordinary Leak, or by a great Sea, breakingin upon her, she is filled with Water, thatshe cannot be freed of it, nor able to swimunder it, but sinks with the Weight thereof.
Free
	The Pump Frees a Ship when it throws outmore Water than Leaks into her; but on thecontrary, when it cannot throw out the Waterso fast as it Leaks in, they say, The Pumpcannot Free her; also bailing or lading Waterout of a Boat, is called freeing the Boat.
Freeze
	When Ships Quarters and upper Worksare painted with Trophies, &c. then it is saidthey are freezed.
Fresh Shot
	Signifies the falling down of any great Riverinto the Sea.
Funnels
Copper
	Are used as a Chimney, where Commandershave a Stove in the Great Cabbin.
Lead
	Are fixt in the Galleries of Ships.
Furl
	For wrapping up and binding any Sail closeto the Yard, which is done by hauling uponthe Clew-lines, Bunt-lines, &c. which wrapsthe Sail close together, and being bound fastto the Yard, with the Gaskets, the Sail is furled.
Furnaces
Copper
	For dressing the Ship's Companies Victualsin, or heating Tar at the Rope Yard.
Iron
	For heating Pitch, Tar or Turpentine forthe Caulkers paying Ships Bottoms or Sides.
Furring
	Is the regular fashioning out any Part whenthe main Piece of the Material is scanty, eitherby Defects, Wains, or want of Thickness, thena Piece of the same is put behind it, to makegood its Thickness, which is called a Furr.
Furz Faggots
	For Breeming Ships when in the Dock tobe cleaned, or under Repair.
Futtocks
	There are lower, second, third and fourth,and these Timbers being put together, makea Frame-bend.
Gage
	When one Ship is to windward of another,she is said to have the Weather Gage of her.
Gages
	Are used by the Smiths, for gageing Bolts,so as to make them of a true and right Size.
Gale
	When the Wind blows not so hard but thata Ship can carry her Topsails a Trip, (that is,hoisted up to the Highest) then they say it is aLoom Gale. When it blows very strong, theysay, it is a stiff, strong, or fresh Gale. Whentwo Ships are near one another at Sea, andthere being but little Wind blowing, one ofthem finds more of it than the other, theysay, that the Ship Gales away from the other.
Gallery
	Is that beautiful Frame, which is made atthe Stern of a Ship without-board, into whichthere is a Passage out of the Admiral's or Captain'sCabbin, and are for stately Shew andOrnament to the Ship.
Gally
	Is a Place in the Cook-Room, where theGrates are set up, and in which they makeFires, for boyling or roasting the Victuals.
Gammoning
	Are several turns of Rope taken round theBowsprit, and reeved through Holes in theKnee of the Head, for the greater Security ofthe Bowsprit.
Gang
	To man the Boat, is to put a Gang of Men(which is a Company) into her, who are calledthe Boat's Crew.
Gangway
	A Deal Plat-form, about three Feet wide ingreat Ships, ranging in the Wast from theQuarter Deck to the Fore Castle, over theupper Deck Guns, for a free Passage for theOfficers and Men, in working the Ship eitherat Sea or in an Engagement; and so is theWalk made from the Ladder to the QuarterDeck, called the Gangway, and lies even withthe Gunwale.
Garboard Strake
	Is the Plank next the Keel, one Edge ofwhich is run into the Rabit made in the upperEdge of the Keel on each Side.
Garnet
	Is a Tackle in a Ship having a Pendantcoming from the Main-mast, with a Blockwell seized to the Main-stay, just over theHatchway, to which a Guy is fixed to keepit steady; and at the other End is a LongTackle Block, in which the Fall is reeved, thatso by it any Goods or Casks may be hauledand hoisted into, or out of the Ship; whenthis Garnet is not used, it is fastened along bythe Stay.
Gaskets
	Made out of Junk or Rope Yarns, are forfastening the Sails to the Yards when furled up.
Gin
	Is a Machine made for driving Piles fittedwith a Windlass and Winches at each End,where eight or nine Men heave, and roundwhich a Rope is reeved, (that goes over aWheel at the Top) whose End is seized to anIron Monkey, that hooks to a Beetle of differentWeights, according to the Pile they areto drive, being from Eight to Thirteen HundredWeight, and when hove up to a crossPiece near the Wheel, it unhooks the Monkey,whereby the Beetle falls on the upper End ofthe Pile, and forces the same into the Ground,and the Monkey's own Weight over-halls theWindlass, in order for its being hooked againto the Beetle.
Girding-girt
	A Ship is Girt, or hath a Girding Girt,when her Cable being so tight or strainedupon the Turning of the Tide, she cannotgo over it, but lies a-cross the Tide.
Glasses
Watch
	Being four Hours, governs them at Sea, forchanging the Watch.
Half Watch
	Runs two Hours.
Half Hour
	For keeping the Time of Day and Night.
Half Minute Quarter Minute
[Transcriber's note: Illustration, Even smaller timers.]	By them they count the Knots, when theyheave the log, in order for finding what Waythe ship makes through the Sea.
Glew
	Used by the Joyners and House Carpentersin their Works.
Goreing
	A Sail is cut Goreing, when it is cut slopingby Degrees, and is broader at the Clew thanat the Earing, as all Topsails and TopgallantSails are.
Gooseneck
	A Piece of Iron fixed on the End of theTiller to which the Lanyard of the Whipstaff,or the Wheel Rope comes, for steering theShip.
Goosewing
	When a Ship Sails before, or with a QuarterWind in a fresh Gale, to make the more Haste,they Launch out a Boom and Sail on the Leeside,to give the Ship more Way, and a Sail sofitted is called a Goosewing.
Grapnells
Boat
	Are a Kind of Anchors being made withfour Flooks for Boats to ride by.
Fire & Chain Hand & Chain
	Are made with barbed Claws instead ofFlooks; are used to be thrown into an Enemy'sShip, to catch hold of Rigging or any otherPart of the Hull, in order for boarding her.
Grates
	Are put up in the Cook-Room to makeFires in for dressing Victuals.
Grateings
	Are a Kind of Lettice-work formed ofLedges and Battins, the square Holes of whichbeing three or four Inches wide, are for thecurrent footing of Men over the Hatchways,to give Air alow, and Vent for the Smoke inan Engagement.
Grate Irons
	Are to loosen the Mud and Sullage of theDocks, which lodge in the Grates of the Drains.
Graving
	Is bringing a Ship a-ground, and thenburning off with Furz, Reed, or Broom, allthe Filth and Foulness that Sticks to her Bottomwithout board, in order to pay her anew.
Gripe
	Is a Piece of Timber fay'd against the lowerPiece of the Stem, from the Fore-mast End ofthe Keel, reconciling with the Knee of theHead; its Use is to defend the lower Part ofthe Stem from any Injury, but is often madethe larger to make the Ship keep a good Wind.
Gromets
	Are small Rings formerly fastened withStaples to the Yards, to make fast the Gaskets,but now never used.
Ground-tackle
	Is a Ship's Anchors, Cables, &c. and in generalwhatever is necessary to make her ridesafe at an Anchor.
Grounding
	Is bringing a Ship on Ground to be clean'd,trim'd, or have a Leak stop'd.
Ground toes
	Are what come from the Hemp when dressedat the Hatchel for the Spinners, and out ofwhich Deepsea, Hamburgh, or Cabbin Lines,Marlin, and white Ocham are made.
Gudgeons
	Are the Eyes drove into the Stern-post, intowhich the Pintles of the Rother go to hang it.
Gunner
	Has the Charge of all the Ordnance, Ammunition,Small Arms, and other Stores allowedthe Ship in his Province.
Gunwale
	Is the Top of the Side in the Wast of allShips, &c. on the Fore-castle, where there areno Ports, is a Plansheer, over which the Gunsare fired, but in Boats all Fore and Aft.
Guy
	Is any Rope, used for keeping off Thingsfrom bearing or falling against the Ship's Side,when they are to be hoisted in; that Rope alsowhich is made fast to the Fore-mast at oneEnd, and seized to a single Block at the Pendantof the Garnet, is also called the Guy ofthe Garnet.
Haile
	Is either to call to a Ship, to know fromwhence she is, where bound, salute her, or towish her Health.
Hair Loose
	Used by the Bricklayers in their Mortar, andby the Caulkers to lay on Sheathing Board.
Hair Spunn
	Used by the Caulkers for Caulking theSeams of Ships.
Halberts
	For the Use of the Warders, that do Dutyat the Yard Gate, and Jetty Heads.
Hallyards
	Are those Ropes by which they hoist up allthe Topsail Yards; the Cross Jack and SpritsailYard have none, because they are alwaysslung.
Hammacoes
	Are made of Canvas for the Seamen to liein.
Hammers
Clench
	Are made with hardened Edges, to clenchBolts, &c.
Fidd
	Their Handle is made tapering in the Formof a Fidd.
Hack
	Are for notching the Edges of Hacksaws tosaw Bolts.
Picking
	Are used by the House Carpenters fordressing Grindstones, and Bricklayers on slateingand tyleing.
Sett
	Are used by the Mast-makers for setting upIron Hoops on Ships Masts, Yards, &c.
Hances
	Falls or Descents of the Fife Rails which areplaced from the Stern down to the Gangways.
Hand Cuffs
	Are for securing Pirates when taken Prisoners.
Hand Hooks
	Are used by the Smiths to turn or twistsquare Iron.
Hand Screws; Double and Single
	Used for canting Timber, or other weighty Stores.
Handsplices
	Used by the Smiths to drive in any Workthat is hooped up, to cant or turn it.
Handspikes
	Are used, at Sea to traverse the Ordnance,or heave withal at a Windlass in small Shipsor Vessels to weigh the Anchor; and in theYard, are used by the Labourers, in stowingor canting Timber, &c.
Harbour
	Where Ships may ride safe at an Anchor.
Harpings
	Are the foremost Waal Pieces, roundingfrom the Stem Aft, either in Boat or Ship.
Hasps
	For making fast Doors.
Hatchbarrs
	Are for barring down the Hatches in Timeof Fight.
Hatchells
	Are made use of in the Rope Yard, beingset with Teeth for dressing and preparing theHemp to make it fit for spinning white Yarn.
Hatchets
	Are allowed for cutting Rigging, or otherRopes and Services which they are proper for.
Hatchways
	There are three, all on the Gun Deck, theFore, Main, and After.
Hawl
	Is the same Thing as what we call pullinga-shore.
Hawse
Bags
	Are made of Canvas, tapering, stuffed fullof Ocham, and are generally allowed smallShips, to prevent the Seas washing in at theHawse Holes.
Pieces
	Are large Pieces of Timber in the Bow ofthe Ship, in which are made two large Holeson each Side for the Cables to pass through.
Plugs
	Are to put into the Holes for preventing theWater washing into the Manger.
Hawser
	Is a Rope consisting only of three Strands,and used for Shrouds, &c. and there is a Kindof small Cablet, which consists of nine Strands,which is vulgarly called a Hawser, being generallyused for transporting or warping Ships,&c.
Head Sails
	Are those Sails which belong to the Foremastand Bowsprit, because they govern theHead of the Ship, and make her fall off, orkeep out of the Wind, and are in quarterWinds the chief drawing Sails.
Head Sea
	Is when a great Wave or Billow of the Seacomes right a-head of a Ship when in herCourse.
Hearth Staves
	Are to clear the Smith's Fires, or raise thelarge Cinders.
Heave
	Signifies to throw or fling any Thing over-board;also turning about the Capston, iscalled heaving at the Capston; likewise whena ship being at Anchor, riseth and falleth bythe Force of the Waves, she is said to heaveand set.
Heel
	That Part of the Foot of any Mast, whichis cut away in order for steping, is called theHeel of the Mast; but the Heels of Topmastsare square, through which they put the Fidd;also if a Ship lie on one Side, whether she bea-ground or a-float, they say she heels.
Helm
	Is a Piece of Timber, fastened into theRother Head, and comes as forward as theBulk Head of the Gun Room, and he thatsteers the Ship, holds the Whipstaff in hisHand, which is fastened into the Helm, butlately they are left off, and Steering Wheelsare made use of.
	The Terms of Art belonging to the Helmare,
	1 Port the Helm,—
	That is, put the Helmover to the left Sideof the Ship.
	2 Starboard the Helm,—
	That is, put it to theRight Side of the Ship.
	3 Right the Helm, orHelm a Midship,—
	That is, keep it evenwith the Middle of theShip.
	4 Bear up the Helm,—
	That is, let the Shipgo more large beforethe Wind.
	5 Bear up round,—
	That is, let the Shipgo directly before theWind, in the Middlebetween her twoSheats.
Helve
	A Handle for Axes, Hammers or Mauls.
Hemp
	Is brought from Riga, Queenbro', Russia,Petersburgh brock, or Konninsburgh, is receivedinto the Rope Yard, and wrought upinto Cordage, Lines or Twine.
Hencoops
	Are for keeping Fowls in.
Hinges
Butt
	Are used by the Joyners for hanging TableLeaves, &c.
Casement
	Used for hanging them.
Dovetail
	For light Doors or Lockers.
Ess
	For light Doors or Lockers.
Garnet Cross
	For hanging large Doors or heavy Scuttles.
Ditto Dozen
	For hanging small Scuttles.
Locker joynts
	Are used for small Lockers.
Port
	For hanging Ships Ports.
Riseing
	For Cabbin Doors, &c.
Scuttle
	For Scuttles.
Side
	For Cabbin Doors, &c.
Hitch
	Is a Word to catch hold of any Thing witha Hook or Rope, and to hold it fast; thuswhen a Boat is to be hoisted in, Hitch theTackles into the Ring Bolts of the Boat; soHitch the Fish Hook to the Flook of theAnchor when they are about to weigh.
Hoist
	Is for hawling up any Thing into the Ship,or getting up a Topmast, Yard, &c.
Hold
	Is all that Part of a Ship which lies betweenthe Keelson and lower Deck, wherein areBulk-heads, and they divided, are the StewardRoom, Powder Room, Bread Room, andBoatswain and Carpenter's Store Rooms.
Hold Fasts
	Are made of Iron, used by Joyners, HouseCarpenters, or Carvers; goes through theirBenches to hold fast such Work as cannot befinished by its being held in the Hand.
Hold Off
	Is a Term used in weighing the Anchor,when the Voyal is about the Capston; for ifthe Cables are stiff, or have lain long in OazyGround, unless that Part of the Cable heavingin, be hawled away hard by the Capston, theVoyal will surge or slip back, therefore mustbe hawled away as fast as it comes in, so asthat it may keep close about the Whelps; andthis Work is called holding off, and may bedone by Hand with a small Cable; but in allgreat Ships, they hold off with Nippers, andin small Craft they bring the Cable to theJeer Capston, or about a Windlass.
Hood
	Is made of Copper, to go on the Top of theChimney, (which is placed on the Fore-castlefor carrying the Smoke out of the Cook Room)and to shift as the Wind does, that it mayalways fly out to leeward.
Hooks
	When the Edges of Planks are fayd intoone another thus, it is said to beHook and Butt.
Hooks
Boat
	Are for fending or setting off Boats.
Cann
	Are for hoisting Casks out or into the Ship.
Cant
	Are for turning or canting large Masts,having at one End a Ring for a Hand-spiketo go through, and at the other a Claw, whichpenetrates into the Masts when they are madeUse of to turn them for Survey, &c.
Fish
	Is to take hold of the Shank of the Anchorwhen to be hove up to the Bow.
Flesh
	With which the Cook takes the Beef andPork out of the Furnaces.
Gamming
	Used when Gammoning the Bowsprit.
Kettle
	To hang the Kettles or Pots on over theFire.
Laying
	Are used by the Rope-makers when layingof Cordage.
Port
	Are drove into the Ship's Sides, on whichthe Ports hang.
Puttock
	For the Plates to hook upon.
Rave
	Used by the Caulkers for picking the oldOcham out of the Seams of Ships, &c.
Sheer
	Are great Hooks let into, or put on the Mainand Fore Yard Arms of Fireships, in order tofasten into an Enemy's Shrouds, Sails or Rigging.
Spinning
	Are drove into the Rails for the Rope-makersto hang their Threads on, as they spinthem.
Tackle
	Spliced into the Straps of Blocks or Ends ofRope.
Hook Pinns
	Are Bolts made with a shoulder at one End,and used by the House Carpenters in frameing,which they drive through the Mortice's andTennants of the Work prepared for Buildingor Wharfing.
Hoops Iron
Anchor Stock	Are drove round them in order to theirgreater Strength and Security.
Capston
Masts
Hoops Wood
Mast
	Nailed round them on each Side of theWooldings.
Top
	Fastened and nailed round the Rims of theTop.
Horse
	Is a Rope in a Ship made fast at each YardArm, and on which the Men stand to furl theSails; and is also a Frame of Wood the Riggersmake use of to woold Ships Masts, whichhath a Rowl fixed in it, whereon several Turnsare taken for heaving the Rope taught roundthe Mast before the Nails are drove throughthe Rope.
Horse Irons
	Used by the Caulkers, when they cannotcome at a Seam with their common Irons.
Hounds
	Are that shouldered Part of all Masts overwhich the Shrouds are put; and all above thatis called the Mast-head.
Housed in
	When the Breadth of a Ship's Bearing isbrought in too narrow to her upper Works,or pinched in too much, she is Housed-in.
Hull
	Is the main Body of a Ship without eitherMasts, Yards, Sails, or Rigging.
Hullock
	Is some small Part of a Sail, let loose in agreat Storm; it is chiefly used in the Mizon tokeep the Ship's Head to the Sea when all therest of the Sail is made up, except a little atthe Mizon Yard Arm.
Hummers
	Used by the Scavengers for rakeing up theFilth that comes off from the Ships Bottomsupon their being scrub'd, which settles at theBottom of the Dock, or upon the Apron nearthe Gates; are made of Wood, not unlike aRake.
Jeer
	Is a large Rope reeved through treble ordouble Blocks, lashed at the Mast-head andon the Yard, which are to hoist or lower theLow-Yards.
Jewel
	Made not unlike the Ring of an Anchor,and of Substance, that its Weight may carryit down, to purchase any Thing that is heavyunder Water, when two Parts of a Cable orRope are put through it, and as they heave,the Jewel slides down, jams the Bite, so asthat it may not slip off the Purchase the Ropeis about.
Jews Harp
	Are made of Iron, and of such Substanceand suitable Strength, as to be sufficient tohold the Pendant Chain where the MoaringCable is bent to the Ring, and secured by aForelock; the other End, which is round,takes the two short Pendant Chains the Ringsof the Anchors are fastened to; as is the WoodBuoy and Chain.
Iron
	Orground, Stockholm and Spanish, used bythe Smiths for making Anchors, Bolts, Hoops,and for all other Services where it is proper tobe used in building Ships, or about the Docks,Wharfs, and Yard, &c.
Iron Sick
	A Ship or Boat is said to be Iron-sick, whenher Bolts or Nails are so eaten with Rust, andso worn away, that they make hollows in thePlanks, so as to make the Ship Leaky.
Junk
	Is old Cables cut into short Lengths, andissued to Boatswains for making Swabs, Plattsand Nippers; to Carpenters of Ships, and topoor People to be picked into Ocham, forCaulking Ships Sides, Decks, &c.
Jury Mast
	Whatever is set up in the Room of a Mastlost in a Fight, or by a Storm, and fastenedinto the Partners, and fitted with a lesser Yard,Sails and Ropes, is called a Jury Mast, &c.
Jutty heads
	Platforms standing on Piles which are madenear the Docks, and project without theWharfs for the more convenient docking andundocking Ships.
Keckle
	When the Cables of a Ship gaul in theHawse, they wind old Rope about them,which is called Keckling.
Kedging
	When a Ship is brought up or down in anarrow River, and the Wind contrary to theTide, and yet is to go with the Tide, theyuse to set their Fore Course, or Fore-top-sailand Mizon, that so they may flat her about;and if she happens to come over too near theShore, they have a small Anchor in a Boatwith a Warp fastened to it from the Ship,which Anchor they let fall, in order to windand turn her Head about; and this Work iscalled Kedging.
Keel
	The principal Piece of Timber first laidwhen a Ship is to be built, her whole Lengthfrom the lower Part of her Stem to the lowerPart of the Stern Post; into this are all thelower Futtocks fastened and bolted Fore andAft; to the under Part of which, a false Keelis brought on.
Keelers
	Are small Tubs, which hold Stuff for theCaulkers to grave Ships Bottoms, on theirbeing hawled on the Ways, or into the Dock.
Keelson
	A principal Piece of Timber fayd withinSide of the Ship, cross all the Floor Timbers,and it being adjusted exactly over the Keelwith suitable Scarphs, it thereby strengthensthe Bottom of the Ship.
Kerfe
	The Furrows made by a Saw in Timber,Plank, Deals, &c.
Kersey
	Is allowed to make Waste Cloths, Top Armours,or other Accommodations on board aShip, Lining entering Ropes, &c.
Kettles
Double
	With two Covers, for dressing Provisions in,when a Ship's Company is small.
Fish
	Are single, and used for several Services onboard, and for the Mens Provisions.
Small
Kevels
	Are Pieces of Plank fayd against the Quickworkon the Quarter Deck, in the Shape of aSemi-circle, for belaying the running Riggingto.
Kinks
	When Cables or Cordage is new, or toohard laid, it is stubborn, and very apt whenhanded to be coyled to take in Turns, whichis called Kinking.
Knee of the Head
	Is commonly called the Cut-water, it supportsthe Lyon, and all the Rail-work, &c.of the Head.
Knees
Iron
	Serve as Standards in some Parts of the Ship;and are also used in Boats, to keep the Thautsfast to the Side of the Boats.
Wood
	Crooked Timbers which brace and bearthe End of the Beams, &c. to the Ship's Side,and are called either Hanging, Lodging,Raking, or Square, and fixed to every Beamwhere they carry Guns.
Knettles
	Two Pieces of spun Yarn put togetheruntwisted.
Knight Heads
	Are two Pieces of Timber to which theHalyards and the Top Ropes are belayed.
Knots
	There are two Sorts of Knots used at Sea;one they call a Bowline Knot; by this theBowline Bridles are fastened to the Cringles,and will not slip. The other is a Whale Knot,which is a round Knob or Knot made withthree Strands of a Rope, and serves for theTopsail Sheats and Stoppers. The Divisionsalso of the Logline are called Knots, and areusually seven Fathom asunder; and then asmany Knots as the Logline runs out in Half aMinute, so many Miles the Ship sails in anHour.
Labour
	When a Ship tumbles or rowls at Anchor,or under Sail at Sea, she is said to Labour.
Ladders
	Those made of Wood are for going fromone Deck to another; and those of Ropes,hung over the Stern of the Ships, are to enterout of the Boat, when the Weather is foul andthe Sea high; as are those at the Side calledAccommodation.
Ladles Pitch
	Are used at Sea by the Carpenters of theShips, to hold Stuff, to pay the Seams whencaulked.
Land Fall
	Signifies to fall in with the Land; thus,when a Ship out at Sea, expects to see Land ina little Time, and it so happens that she doth,they say, they have made a good Landfall.
Land Laid
	When a Ship is just got out of Sight of theLand.
Land Lock'd
	A Ship rides Land Lock'd when at an Anchorin such a Place, where there is no Pointopen to the Sea, so that she is safe from theViolence of Wind or Tide.
Land shut in
	Is when another Point of Land hinders theSight of that which a Ship came from.
Land to
	Is when a Ship lies so far off from Shorethat they can but just see Land.
Lanterns
Poop
	Are glazed with Stone-ground Glass, andplaced at the Ship's Stern.
Top
	Are glazed with Stone-ground Glass; standson a Crank at the Main-top when an Admiralor Commodore is on board.
Braces
	Are to steady the Lanterns.
Girdles
	Go round them.
Hand
	Are allowed the Boatswain and Carpenter.
Powderroom
	Are glazed with Stone-ground Glass, placedat the Bulk-head of the Magazine, and standsover a Wood Cistern lined with Lead, whichis kept full of Water.
Storeroom
	A triangular Light placed at the Bulk-headof the Boatswain and Carpenter's Store-Rooms.
Lanyards
	Are Ropes reeved through dead Eyes ofall Shrouds and Chains which are to slackenor set up the Shrouds. The Stays are also settaught by Lanyards; and those which fastenthe Stoppers to the Cables, are called Lanyards.
Larboard
	The Left Hand Side of the Ship when youstand with your Face to the Head.
Large
	A Ship goes or sails Large, when she goesneither before the Wind or upon a Wind, butas it were, quartering between both; whereforeLarge, Quartering, Veering or Lasking, are allof the same Signification.
Lashed
	Signifies made fast.
Lashing
	Is twice laid Cordage made out of old Rigging,and used for Lashing Booms, and otheruses on board; and by the Boatswain of theYard for rafting Timber, Masts, &c.
Lasking
	When a Ship sails neither by, nor directlybefore the Wind, she is said to go Lasking,which is much the same as Veering, or goingwith a quarterly Wind.
Latchetts
	Small Line (made like Loops) is sewn to aBonnet or Drabler for lacing them together.
Laths
	Are used by the Bricklayers on the Roofsand Ceiling of Houses.
Launch
	Is to put out; thus they say, Launch theShip off the Stocks, or out of a Dock, Launchthe Boat, Launch the Davit in or out, Launchout the Capston Bars; also when they havehoisted up a Yard high enough, they say inanother Sense, Launch ho; that is, hoist nomore; also in stowing any Thing in the Holdof a Ship, they cry, Launch Aft, or Launchforward on.
Leads
Deepsea Hand
	Are bent to Lines for finding the Depth ofWater.
Lead
Pipes
Large
	Are used for the Pisdales on board a Ship, andfor conveying the Water from the Cistern tothe Officers Houses, and Jutty Heads.
Small
	Are joined to the large Pipes as Branches tothe Officers Houses, and Jutty Heads.
Mill'd
	Is used for covering Houses, Gutters, liningthe Ship's Furnaces, and several other Usesboth a-float and a-shore.
Scuppers
	Are let through the Ship's Sides for carryingthe Water from off the Decks.
Leather
Buckets
	Are fixed with Lanyards on board a Ship,to be ready in Case of Fire; and also areplaced in the Officers Houses for that Purpose.
Hoses
	Are for starting Water at the watering Placesinto Casks; and for the like Use on boardShips.
Licquor'd
	Is for leathering Pump Chains.
Scuppers
	Are nailed over the Holes of the Lead Scuppers,not only for carrying the Water downthe Ship's Sides, but also prevents its washingin on the Gun-deck.
Ledges
	Are square Pieces of Timber, reaching fromCarling to Carling thwart Ships, and the Decksare fastened to these, as well as to the Carlingsand Beams.
Lee
	A Word diversly used at Sea; they meangenerally by it, the Part opposite to the Wind.
Lee Fangs
	Are Ropes reeved into the Cringles ofYachts and Hoys Sails.
Lee Latch
	A Word of Command to the Men at theHelm or Steering Wheel, spoken by him thatConds, to take Care that the Ship don't go toleeward of her Course.
Lee Shore
	Is that on which the Wind blows; andtherefore to be under the Lee of the Shore, isto be close under the Weather Shore, or underthe Wind.
Leeward Ship
	One that doth not keep her Wind, or dothnot sail so near the Wind, nor make her Wayso good as she should.
ALee the Helm
	They mean put the Helm to the LeewardSide of the Ship.
	To lay a Ship by the Lee, or to come bythe Lee, is to bring her so that all her Sailsmay lie flat against her Masts and Shrouds, sothat the Wind may come right upon herBroadside.
Leech of a Sail
	Signifies the outward Skirt of the Sail fromthe Earing to the Clew, or Middle of the Sailbetween the two.
Leech Lines
	Are Ropes fastened to the Leech of theTopsails (only) and then reeved into a Blockat the Yard, just by the Topsail Runners; theirUse is to hawl in the Leech of the Sail, whenthe Topsails are to be taken in, which is alwaysfirst done, and then the Sail can be taken inwith the greater Ease.
Lett Fall
	The Word at Sea for putting out a Sailwhen the Yard is Aloft, and the Sail is to comedown from the Yard; but when the Yardsare lowered, then the Sail is loosed below,before they hoist the Yard: Neither is it saidproperly of Topsails, because the Yards lie onthe Cap, and therefore the Word for them is,Heave out your Topsails; nor can it be appliedto the Mizon; for to it, the Word is,Strike the Mizon and set it, so that in Strictnessit belongs only to the Main and ForeCourses, when their Yards are hoisted up.
Level
	An Instrument used by Carpenters, Bricklayersand Masons, and made of a long Pieceof Wood at Bottom, and with an upwrightPiece in the Middle, to hold a Thread andPlummet, which plays about a perpendicularline there drawn, and when it falls exactlyon it, then is the Bottom Piece in a true Levelor horizontal Position.
Lewis's
	Are made of Iron, and put into the Holesthe Masons cut beveling in large Stones forpurchasing them, which spread themselves (byhaving a Wedge put into the Middle) like aDovetail, so that there is no Danger of theStones falling when hoisted up, in order to belaid in its bed of Mortar.
Lie
	A Ship lies under the Sea, when her Helmbeing made fast a Lee, she lies so a-hull thatthe Sea breaks upon her Bow, or her Broadside.
Lieutenant
	Is a Commission Officer next to the Captain,who, upon the Death or Absence of the Commander,has the entire Charge and Conductof the Ship, and stands accountable for thewhole Duty as Commander of her; and theyoungest is to exercise the Seamen, and to seethat the Small Arms are kept in good order.
Lifts
	Are Ropes made fast to the Yard Arms, andtheir Use is either to hoist or top the Yard,that is, to make the Ends of the Yardshang higher or lower, as occasion serves. TheTopsail Lifts serve as Sheats to the Top-gallantYards, as well as Lifts for the Topsail Yards.And they at the Spritsail Yard are standingand running Lifts.
Limber Boards
	Are Pieces of Plank fayd from the FootWaaling to the upper Edge of the Keelson, toprevent the Ballast stopping the free Course ofthe Buildge-water to the Pumps, which runsthrough Holes made in the Timbers for thatPurpose, and are called Limber Holes.
Limber Irons
	Are to clear the Holes so as that the Watermay pass without Interruption to the Well.
Linch Pins
	Are made of Iron, and go through theAxle-trees of Carts, Timber Carriages, &c. tokeep on their Wheels or Trucks.
Lines
Cabbin
	Are for lacing the Officers Bed Places.
Deepsea
	Bent to a Lead, in order to sound the Depthof Water.
Logg
	Are wound about a Reel, to keep an Accountof the Ship's Way through the Sea; thisLine for about ten Fathom from the Logg,hath, or ought to have, no Knots or Divisions,because so much should be allowed for theLogg's being clear out of the Eddy of theShip's Wake, before they turn up the Glass;but then the Knots or Divisions begin, andought to be at least fifty Feet from one another,though the common Practice at Sea is tohave them but seven Fathom.
Sail
	Are used by the Sail-makers in their Work.
Sash
	Are used for hoisting or lowering Sashes.
Tarr'd
	Are used for seizing Ropes and Blocks.
White
	Are bent to Hand Leads for sounding theDepth of Water.
Links
	Are made use of by the Men when theywork at Night, either on docking the Ships,or repairing Wharfs, Jutty Heads, &c.
List
	If a Ship heels either to Starboard or Port,they say, she hath a List that Way; and theysay so, if it be occasioned only by the shootingof her Ballast, or by the unequal stowing ofThings in her Hold; though it is more properlysaid of a Ship, when she is inclined toheel any way upon the Account of her Moldor Make.
Lockers
	Are a Kind of Box or Chest made in theOfficers Cabbins to put or stow any Thing in.
Locks
Brass
	Are allowed Flag Ships.
Casement	Are used by the Master, House Carpenter,Master Joiner, and Carpenters of Ships, forsuch uses as they are proper for.
Chest
Cupboard
Hanging
Plate
Spring Double
Spring Single
Stock
Logg
	Is a Piece of Wood or Board about seven oreight Inches long, of a triangular Figure, andwith as much Lead cast into it at one End, aswill serve to make it swim upright in theWater; at the other End of which the Loglineis fastened.
Loggerheat
	Is made with a large round Ball of Iron atone End of a Handle, and is to heat Pitch onboard a Ship.
Loof of a Ship
	Is that Part of her Aloft which lies justbefore the Chess-tree.
Loom
	If a Ship appears big at Sea when seen ata Distance, they say she Looms, or appears agreat Ship.
Loom Gale
	Is a gentle easy Gale of Wind, in which aShip can carry her Topsails a Trip.
Loop hole
	Are Holes made in the Comings of theHatches of Ships, and in their Bulk-heads tofire Muskets through, in a close Fight.
Luff
	Is a Term used in conding a Ship; thusLuff up, is to bid the Man at the steeringWheel, keep nearer the Wind. To Luff intoan Harbour, is to sail into it, close by theWind. To spring the Luff, is when a Ship,that before was going large before the Wind,is brought close, or claps close by the Wind.When a Ship sails upon a Wind as they say,that is, on a Quarter Wind, the Word of himthat Conds is, Luff; keep your Luff; Veerno more; keep her too; touch the Wind;have a Care of a Lee Latch. All which Wordssignify much the same Thing, and bids theMan at the Wheel to keep the Ship near theWind. But on the contrary, if the Ship is togo more large or right before the Wind, theWord is, Ease the Helm; no near! bear up.
Luff Hook
	Is to succour the Tackles in a large Sail,that all the Stress may not bear upon theTack; sometimes also it is used when theTack is to be seized the surer.
Luff Tackle
	Is a Tackle in a Ship, which serves to liftor hoist all small Weights in or out of her.
Lying under the Sea
	When in a Storm the Ship is a-hull, andthe Helm so fastened a-lee, that the Sea breaksupon her Bow or Broadside, &c.
Lyme
	Is to make Mortar for the Use of the Bricklayersand Stone Masons.
Lyon
	Is a carved Figure fixed on the Knee of theHead.
Mails
	Are made of Iron, and interwoven, notunlike a Chain; they are for rubbing off theloose Hemp which remain on Lines or whiteCordage after it is made.
Mallets
Buildge
	Are used by the Caulkers for driving inthe reeming irons, to open the Seams beforecaulked.
Driving
	Are used by the Riggers to splice Cordage.
Serving
	Are used by the Riggers and Sail-makersafter they have put on Parsling of old Canvas,for serving the Ship's Shrouds, or Clews ofSails.
Mandrels
	The Smiths set Hoops round, on them.
Manger
	Is a Place partitioned off in the Bow of theShip, to keep the Water that may come in atthe Hawse Holes from running Fore and Afton the Deck, and has two large Scuppers fixedon each Side to vent the Water that comes in.
Marline
	Is small Line made with two Strands laidslack, that it may be the more pliable, out ofHemp flyings; its use is to seize the End ofRopes, Straps of Blocks, &c. And marling aSail is fastening it to the Boltrope by a Loglineput through the Eye-let Holes at the twolower Clews, when served and marled beforefinished for Service.
Marline Spikes
	Are made tapering of Iron, for spliceingtogether small Ropes, &c.
Marking Yarn
	Is white Yarn spun the wrong Way, andput into all Cordage of three Inches and upwards,as the King's Mark.
Master
	Appointed by Warrant from the Navy Board,and is to obey his Commander's Orders for thedispatching the Ship in fitting her out; toinspect the Provisions and Stores sent on board;to take Care of the Ballast that the Hold becarefully stowed, the Rigging and Stores duelypreserved, and to navigate the Ship, &c.
Master at Arms
	Appointed by Warrant from the Lords Commissionersof the Admiralty, and are to be Menwell skilled in Martial Discipline, who aredaily to exercise at Small Arms the PettyOfficers and Ship's Company; to place andrelieve Centinels; to mount the Guard; to seethe Firelocks and other Arms be clean; observingthe Orders of the Lieutenant at Arms;to see that the Fire and Candles be put out inproper Season; to visit all Vessels and Boatsfor preventing the Seamen going from theShip; to acquaint the Officer of the Watchwith all Misdemeanors: And the Corporalsare to act and perform the same Duty underhim.
Master Sailmaker
	Is appointed by Warrant from the NavyBoard, who, with his Mate and Crew, are toexamine all Sails brought on board; attend allSurveys and Conversions; inspect into theirCondition, and timely to repair and keep themfit for Service; to see they are perfectly drywhen put into the Store-room, and there securedfrom Drips, Damps and Vermin; andto attend the Delivery of them into Store.
Masts
	Of the Growth of New England and Riga,are generally wrought into sixteen Squares,and are received into Store by their Diameterin Inches; the former are worked up for Foreor Main-masts, and the latter generally forMizon-masts. Norway and Gottenbro' arebrought from thence rough as they grow; aremeasured by girting them, and received byHands, that is, four Inches make a Hand; areused for Top-masts or Yards.
Masts made
	For a Ship are the Sprit-top-mast, Fore,Fore-top, Fore-top-gallant, Main, Main-top,Main-top-gallant, Mizon and Mizon-top; andamongst which may be reckoned her Bowsprit;and the low ones are generally madeout of New England Growth, and the Topmastsand Top-gallant Masts, out of thosebrought from Riga, Gottenbro' or Norway.
Matts
	Are made out of Junk, old Rope Yarns, &c.for preserving the Yards from galling or rubbingin hoisting or lowering them.
Mauls
Doubleheaded
	Are allowed the Carpenters for such Usesas are requisite.
Top
	Are for driving the Iron Fids in or out ofthe Heel of the Top-masts.
Messengers
	Are allowed to great Ships, and a Cable-laidRope which are made use of in the same Manneras the Voyals are, though not so big,brought round the main Capston, and are aSort of Succour to the Voyal, but are nevermade use of, after the Anchor is a Peek.
Midshipman
	His Station on Duty is on the Quarter Deck,Poop, &c. to mind the Braces, look out andgive the Word of Command from the Captainand other superior Officers, and to assist on alloccasions both in sailing the Ship, and in stowingher Hold, &c.
Mizon Course
	When the Tack is taken off from the Mastforward, it is called a Bon-adventure Mizon.
Moar
	Signifies the laying out the Anchors of aShip so, as is best and safest for her riding.
Moarings
	Are laid out in Harbour, and consists ofClaws, Pendant Chains, Cables, Bridles, Anchors,Swivel, Jews-harp, Buoys, and Chainsfor Ships to ride at, either when under Ordersof fitting for the Sea, or are laid up in Ordinary.
Monkey
	A Block made of Iron with a Catch, madeuse of in Ginns for driving Piles.
Monk Seam
	Sewing the Edges or Selvedges of Sails together,over one another on both Sides, tomake it the Stronger.
Mooter
	Is the Person who (after the Tree-nails whichare received into Store, rough from the Merchant)makes them smooth, and of properSizes, before they are drove through the Plankused on Ships Sides, Decks, Wharfs, &c.
Mortar
	A Preparation of Lyme, Sand, &c. mixedup with Water, and used in Buildings.
Mouse
	Is a large Knot artificially made by theRiggers on the Ship's Stays.
Nails
Brads
Battin
	Used by the House Carpenters and Joyners.
Filling
	Used on Ships Bottoms when ordered to theWest Indies, between the Spaces of the SheathingNails.
Flooring
	Used by the House Carpenters.
Keelband
	Used by the Boat Builders.
Clamp
	Used by the Shipwrights.
Filling
	Used on Ships Bottoms ordered to the WestIndies.
Lead
	For nailing Lead.
Port; Double and Single
	Used by the Shipwrights, and are drove intothe Beams for the Mens Hammacoes to hangon.
Rother
	Used by the Shipwrights to nail on theRother Irons.
Rove & Clench.
	Used by the Boat Builder on Boats.
Scupper
	Has a broad and flat Head, and used fornailing the Leather Scuppers to the Ship'sSides.
Sharp of Sorts
	Used by Shipwrights, House Carpenters andJoyners.
Sheathing
	Used For nailing on the Sheathing Board.
Spikes
	Used By the Shipwrights and House Carpenters.
Tacks
	Used By the Joyners and Oar-makers for finingOars.
Timber
	Used by the Shipwrights and House Carpenters.
Weight
	Used by the Shipwrights and House Carpenters.
Wherry
	Used by the Boat Builders.
Woolding
	Drove through the Ropes that Woold theShip's Masts.
Needles
Boltrope Sail
	Are allowed the Boatswains for repairingthe Ship's Sails when at Sea.
Navel Hoods
	Are large Pieces of Stuff fayd against theHawse Holes, and fills out to the outer Edgeof the Cheeks, to keep the Cable from rubbingthem.
Naveline
	Is a Rope reeved through a Block made fastto the middle Rib, and another Block beingmade fast at the Mast-head, the Line goesthrough them, which makes a Tackle to hoistthe Parrel.
Navigation
	The Art of sailing or conducting a Ship orVessel the safest and most commodious Wayfrom one Place to another.
Neap
	When a Ship wants Water to float her, sothat she cannot get out of a Harbour, off theGround, or out of the Dock, she is neaped,and are those Tides which happen seven Daysafter the Moon's Change or Full.
Netting
	Is twice laid Cordage bigger than Lashing,and is used for Stantion Ropes, &c.
Nettings
	Are a Sort of Grate made with small twicelaid Rope, and seized together with RopeYarn or Twine, and are fixed on the Quartersand in the Tops.
Nippers
	Are made of Rope Yarns, and several Turnsare taken round the Cable and Voyal whenheaving at the Main or Jeer Capston, in orderto weigh the Anchor.
Oars
Barge
	Are made out of New England or DantzickRafters.
Boat
	Are made out either of English Ash, orFirr Rafters from Norway.
Ship
	Are generally cut out of Firr Timber.
Oazy Ground
	Such as is soft, slimy or muddy.
Ocham
Black
	Is picked out of old Cables or Junk, in orderto caulk the Seams, Tree-nails and Bends of aShip, for preventing Leaks.
White
	Comes from the flyings of dress'd Hemp,and used for caulking the Seams of Ships.
Offin
	Is a good Distance from the Shore wherethere is deep Water, and no Need of a Pilotto Conduct the Ship. Thus if a Ship fromShore be seen sailing out to Seaward, they say,She stands for the Offin; and if a Ship havingthe Shore near her, have another a goodWay without her, or towards the Sea, theysay, That Ship is in the Offin.
Offward
	If a Ship, being a-ground by the Shore,doth Heel towards the Water Side, they say,She Heels Offward.
Orlop
	A Platform under the Gun-deck for stowingthe Cables, and where the Officers Store-rooms,&c. are built.
Over Rake
	When the Waves break in upon a Ship ridingat Anchor, and the Head Sea washes over her,then the Waves Over-Rake her.
Oven Lids
	Are made of Iron to stop the Mouth of theOven on board a Ship.
Out licker
	Is a Piece fayd down to the upper Rail, andto the cross Piece in the Head, to carry theForetack farther from the Middle of the Ship.
Owler
	A Master of a Ship, or other Person thatconveys Wool, or other prohibited Goods inthe Night to the Sea Side, in order to Ship off,contrary to Law.
Oyl
	Is used for sundry Services on board a Ship,by the Boatswains in mixing it with Blackingor Tar.
Palleting
	The Floor of the Bread-room and Magazineof Powder, generally wrought of ordinaryDeal, and is laid above the Keelson, forkeeping the Bread and Powder dry, in Casethere should be more Water in Hold thanusual.
Palms
	Are round Pieces of Iron, stamp'd full withround Impressions; are sewed to Leather, whichcomes into the Palm of the Sail-makers Hand,and are made use of by them to prevent theNeedles running into them, when sewing theSeams or Boltropes on the Sails.
Pannel
	In Joynery, &c. a square Piece of thinWood, sometimes carved, framed, or grovedin a larger Piece between Stiles.
Parbuncle
	Is the Name given a Rope Contrived almostlike a Pair of Slings; it is seized both Endstogether, and then put double about anyheavy Thing that is to be hoisted in or out ofa Ship, and by having a Hook of a Runner orTackle hitched into it, they hoist up anyCask or Box.
Parsling
	Are Pieces of old Canvas cut about fourInches broad, and wrapped round Shrouds,Stays, Straps for Blocks, &c. before servedwith spun Yarn.
Parrells
	Are made of Ribs and Trucks, and Ropesreeved through them, which having both theirEnds fastened round about the Masts, theYards by their Means go up and down theMasts with greater Ease; these also with theBreast Ropes fasten the Yards to the Masts.
Partners
	Are Pieces of thick Stuff, through whichHoles for the Masts and Capstons are cut oneach Deck; they are wrought considerablythicker than the Plank of the Deck, so far asbetween the respective Beams where they areplaced.
Paunch
	Are those Mats made of Sinnet, which in aShip are made fast to the Main and ForeYards, to keep them from galling against theMasts.
Pawle
	Is made of Iron, bolted at one End to theBeams through the Deck close to the Capston,but yet so easily as that it can turn about.Its Use is to stop the Capston from turningback, by being made to catch hold of theWhelps, therefore they say, Heave a Pawl;that is, heave a little more for the Pawl toget hold of the Whelps, and this they callPawling the Capston; and droping Pawls arebolted to the Beams, and fall on the Drum-head,where, on the Top, are Holes cut forreceiving the Iron Pawl.
Paying
	Laying over the Seams of a Ship a Coat ofhot Pitch, is called Paying her; or when sheis a graving, and her Soil burned off, and anew Coat of Tallow, Pitch, Rozin and Brimstoneboiled together, is put upon her, thatis also called Paying of a Ship.
Peek
	Used in these Senses: An Anchor is said tobe a Peek, when the Ship being about toweigh, comes so over her Anchor, that theCable is perpendicular between the Hawse andthe Anchor, and to bring the Ship thus, iscalled heaving a Peek.
	Also Peek the Mizon, that is, put the MizonYard right up and down by the Mast.
	A Ship is said to ride a Peek when she lieswith her Main and Fore Yards hoisted up, andthen having one End of the Yards broughtdown to the Gunwale, the other is raised upan End.
	The Reason why they thus Peek up theirYards is, least lying in a River (and they hardlyever use it but then) with their Yards a-cross,another Ship should come foul of them andbreak their Yards.
Pendants
	Short Ropes, one End of which is fastenedeither to the Head of the Mast, End of theYards, on the Main Stay, or Back of theRother; and at the other End hath a Thimblespliced in, or a Block to reeve a Fall through.
Pendants of Tackles
	Are of the same Size as the Main and ForeShrouds, made with an Eye at the upper End,to go over the Head of the Mast when single,but when double, are put over Head by aHitch, with a single Block at their lower Endfor the Runners to be reeved through.
Pentecontore
	A Vessel with Fifty Oars.
Pillars
	Some are turned in the Form of a Column,and others are square, and placed generallyunder the Beams to support them, and theDecks.
Piles
	Are large Stakes drove into the Earth fora Foundation to build on, or to make Dams,&c.
Pilot
	Is he which directs the Men at the Wheelhow to steer.
Pillow
	The Piece of Timber whereon the Bowspritresteth close by the Stem.
Pins
Block
	For the Shives to run on.
Turn'd
	To belay Ropes to.
Tyle
	Used by the Bricklayers in Slates and Tyles.
Pintles
	Are those Hooks by which the Rother hangsto the Stern Post.
Pirate
	A Person or Vessel that robs on the HighSeas, or makes Descents on the Coasts, &c.without Permission or Authority of any Princeor State.
Pitch
	For paying Seams, and all out-board workafter caulked.
Pitches
	When a Ship falls with her Head too muchinto the Sea, or beats against it so as to endangerher Top Masts, they say, She willPitch her Masts by the Board.
Plain Sailing
	Is the Art of finding all the Varieties of theShip's Motion.
Plank
	Is sawed out of the strongest Beech, Elm,and Oak Timber, brought on to the Ship'sSides, and the latter used for laying theirDecks, is cut from four Inches to one Inchand an Half thick; all above four Inches iscalled thick Stuff; and that cut out of Timberwhich grows compassing two Ways, iscalled Croaky; and such whose Edges happento be circular, is called Snying.
Plates
Backstay Chain
	Has a dead Eye, Iron bound at one End,through which the Lanyards of the Shroudsand Back Stays are reeved; and the other Endhas an Eye through which the Chain Bolt isdrove into the Ship's Sides.
Puttock
	Are for Fore-top-mast Shrouds, as the Chainare for the low Shrouds, but with this difference,the dead Eyes are bound into the Plates,and they have Hooks at the End of them.
Top
	Are square and small, nailed on the Rim,through which the Puttock Plates go, and preventtheir wearing the Top away.
Platts
	Are made flat, out of Rope Yarn, andwaved one over another, their Use is to savethe Cable from galling in the Hawse.
Pointing
	Is when the Strands of a Cable, or Ropeabout two Feet, are untwisted, and afterwardsmade less towards the End, in a tapering Manner,where it is made fast, with Marline woveinto the Yarns; the Design of which is, tokeep the Rope from raffling out, or that nonemay be cut off and stole away.
Pointers
	Are Pillars in an oblique Position from theFloor Rider-heads on each Side, (pointing) ormeeting each other at the Middle of the GundeckBeams.
Poop
	Is the Floor or Deck over the Round-house,being the highest or uppermost Part of theHull of a Ship.
Ports
	Are those Holes in a Ship's Side throughwhich her Guns are put out.
Port the Helm
	Signifies to put the Helm to the Left orLarboard Side; but they never say, Larboardthe Helm, but always Port; though it is properto say, Starboard the Helm, when it is putto the Right Side. A Ship is also said to heela Port, when she swims not upright, but leansto the Left Side.
Port Last
	The same as the Gunwale of a Ship; thereforea Yard is down a Port Last, when it liesdown on the Gunwale.
Potts
	Are allowed the Boatswains for dressingtheir Victuals in, and to the Carpenters forheating Pitch.
Preventers
	Are Ropes of different Sizes, cut into shortLengths, and knotted at each End, to be readyin Case a Shroud should be shot or broke, thatthey may be seized to them.
Puddenings
	Are seized round the Mast, and tapers toeach End from the Middle, where it is swelledpretty large for the Low-yards (when lowereddown) to rest on; and the Rings of the Anchorsare also puddened, to prevent the Gallingof the Cable.
Pumps
Lead
	Some Ships have one fixed, whose Pipegoes down the Knee of the Head, and is thereplaced for washing the Decks.
Hand
	Hangs over the Side, and lashed there forwashing the Decks, and sometimes are putdown into the Well, for freeing the Ship whenshe makes more Water than the Chain Pumpscan throw out.
Pump Bolt
	Goes through the Head, and the Brakeworkson it.
	Pump Hand
Boxes Lower
	Are small and short, having a Flap, and alarge Staple drove into it, to draw it up onOccasion.
Ditto Upper
	Are fixed to the Spear.
Brake
	Is the Handle.
Hook
	A long Rod of Iron with a Hook at theEnd, to draw up or put down the lower Box.
Stave or Spear
	Is a long Rod of Iron with an Eye at theupper End, which Hooks to the Brake, and tothe lower End of which the upper Box isfixed.
Pumps Chain
	Are placed in the Well, and works withChains.
Ditto Axletrees
	Are fixed in the Center of the Wheels,which are turned round with Winches put onat each End.
Pumps Chain
Bolsters
	A round Piece of Iron with a Hole in theMiddle, and are for opening an Ess or Hookwhen any want shifting.
Burrs
	Are round thin Pieces of Iron, very littleless than the Bore of the Pump, which areplaced between every Length of the Chain,and on each of them the Leather is put forbringing up the Water.
Chains
	No Ship goes to Sea without a Spare one,which is kept ready leathered in case those inthe Pumps should be wore out.
Dale
	Is a round hollow Trunk, which conveysthe Water through the Ship's Sides.
Esses
	Are for repairing the Chains in Case anybreak or give way.
Fidds
	Are for opening an Ess or Hook when oldones are to be taken out, or new put into theChain.
Hooks
	For repairing the Chains when any arewanting.
Rowles
	Are put into the lower End of the Pumpfor the Chain to work on.
Sprockets
	Are made not unlike a large Horse Shoe,drove into the Wheel, and the Chain workson them.
Swivels
	Are for repairing the Chains when wanting.
Wedges
	Are drove in on all sides of the Axle-tree,to keep the Wheels fast on it.
Wheels
	Are turned out of Elm, in which theSprockets are drove, and when so fitted, theChains work round them.
Winches
	Are the Handles put on each End of theAxle-tree, by which the Men work the Pump.
Purchase
	The same as draw, but when they cannothaul any Thing with the Tackle, they say,The Tackle will not Purchase.
Purser
	Is the Officer charged with all Sorts of Provisionsallowed the Ship.
Puttock Shrouds
	Are short Shrouds which go from the Fore,Main, and Mizon Shrouds to the Top, wherethe Plates are fixed with dead Eyes in them,through which the Lanyards are reeved forsetting up the Top-mast Shrouds.
Puttock Staves
	Go a-cross the lower Shrouds, and the Endsof the Puttock Shrouds are hitched round them.
Quarter
	Is the After-part of the Ship without-boardAloft.
Quartering
	Is when a Ship sails upon a Quarter Wind.
Quarter Pieces
	Are two Pieces of carved Work reconciledto each End of the Tafferel, and when regularlysuited to the same with a just Dispositionof Figures, compleats the beautiful Symetry ofthe whole Stern and Gallery.
Quarter Tackle Pendants
	Fastened on the Quarters of the Yard, andare used for taking in or hoisting Provisions,&c. out of the Hold, or upon Deck.
Rabbet
	Is letting in a Ship's Plank to her Keel, whichin the Run of her are hollowed away, and iscalled the Rabbet of her Keel.
Racks
	Stand in the Cook-Room, at each End ofthe Grates, for the Spits to lye on to roastVictuals.
Rafters
	Are brought from New England and Dantzick,and being Ash, Barge, Pinnace andWherry Oars, are made out of them.
Rails
	Are generally composed of some regularMembers of Architecture, they lye over andunder the Banisters and Lights of the Sternand Galleries; are also ranged along the Sideunder several Denominations, as Sheer Rail,Plansheer Rail, Drift Rail, &c. they are alsothe principal Ornament in composing the Headof a Ship.
Rake
	Is so much of a Ship's Hull as over-hangsthe Stem and Stern; that Part of it Afore iscalled her Rake Forward, and that Abaft atthe Stern Post, is called her Rake Aft.
Ranges
	Are a Sort of Cleats, to which they belayor fasten the Spritsail, Fore, Main or MizonSheats.
Ratlings
	Are small Ropes which make the Steps toget up the Shrouds, therefore are called Ratlings.
Reach
	The Distance of two Points of Land whichbear in a right Line to one another.
Reckonings
	In Navigation, the estimating of the Quantityof the Ship's Way, or of the Run betweenone Place and another.
Reef
	When there is a great Gale of Wind, theycommonly Roll up Part of the Sail at the Head,by which Means it becomes Shoaler, and sodraws not so much Wind; and this contractingor taking up the Sail they call Reefing,which is done with the Reef Tackle Pendants,Tyes, and Falls.
Reeming Irons
	Are used by the Caulkers for opening theSeams of the Planks of Ships on the Stocksbefore caulked.
Reeve
	Is to put a Rope through a Block; and, topull a Rope out of a Block, is called Unreeving.
Reflux
	Of the Sea, the Ebbing of the Water, or itsReturn from the Shore.
Rends
	In a Ship, are the same as the Seams betweenher Planks.
Rhombs
	The Points of the Compass.
Ribbs
	Are the Timbers when the Planks are off,so called, because are bending like the Ribs ofa Carcase; also those which belong to theParrels are called Parrel Ribs.
Ride
	A Ship is said to Ride, when her Anchorshold fast, so that she drives not away by theForce of Wind or Tide; and a Ship is said toRide well when in a Head Sea, so as that theWaves do not wash over her.
Ride
	Betwixt Windand Tide
	When the Wind hath equal Force over herone Way, and the Tide another; but if theWind hath more Power over her than theTide, she is said to Ride Wind Rode.
A Cross
	When she Rides with her Fore and Main-Yardshoisted up.
Hawse-full
	When in Stress of Weather she falls so deepinto the Sea with her Head, that Water runsin at her Hawses.
A Peek
	When one End of the Yards are peeked up,and the other hangs down; this is also said ofa Ship, when in weighing she is brought directlyover her Anchor.
Portoise
	When her Yards are struck upon the Deck,or when are down a Portlast.
A Thwart
	When her Side lies a-cross the Tide.
Riders
	Are Timbers of a large Scantling fay'dwithin Side of the Foot Waaling; the FloorRiders are wrought over the Keelson; and thelower Futtock Riders Scarphs to the FloorRiders from the Keelson to the Orlop Beams.
Rigging
	Are all the Ropes whatsoever belonging to aShip's Masts, Yards, or any Part about her;and she is well rigg'd when all her Ropes areof their fit Length and Size, in Proportion toher Burden.
Right the Helm
	A Sea Phrase used by him that Conds to theMen at the Helm or Steering Wheel, orderingthem to keep the Helm even in the Middle ofthe Ship.
Right Sailing
	Is when a Voyage is performed on some oneof the four Cardinal Points.
Rings
Hatch
	Are drove into the Hatches to open or shutthem.
Port
	Are drove into the Ports, and to which theRopes are fastened to open or shut them.
Rings & Forelocks
	Are put on the Ends of Bolts to preventtheir starting out.
Riping Chissels
	Are used by the Shipwrights in breakingup old Ships.
Riseing Timbers
	Are large Pieces of Timber fay'd to theKeel, to the Stem Afore, and from the Keelto the Stern Post Abaft; its Use is to fashionout the lower Part of the Ship Afore and Abaft;and also to fasten the half Timbers into it; itis bolted to the Keel, Stem, and Stern Post respectively;there is also a thinner Piece ofdead Wood in the Midships, fay'd on the Keelfor the Breach of the Floor Timbers to be letinto.
Road
	A place of Anchorage at some Distance fromthe Shore, and sheltered from Winds, whereVessels usually Moar to wait for a Wind orTide proper to carry them into Harbour, orset sail.
Rock Staff
	With which the Smiths blow their Bellows.
Ropes
	Of a Ship are, in general, all her Cordage;but those which have particular Names giventhem are as follows:
	Auning
	Are for spreading the Aunings.
Bell
	Made fast to the Crank for striking it.
Boat
	By which the Boats at the Ship's Stern aretowed.
Bolt
	Are laid white, stoved in an Oven, and thentarr'd; are the Head and Body Ropes sewedround the Sails.
Breast
	Made fast to the Shrouds in the Chains, tosupport the Man that heaves the Lead.
Bucket
	To hawl up Water.
Canhook
	Seized to each Hook, to hoist Butts, Hogsheads,and other Casks on board.
Catt
	For hoisting up the Anchors, in order to bestowed at the Bow.
	Davit
	Reeved through a Hole which is made ateach End, for hauling the Davit to either Sideof the Fore Castle.
Entering
	To take hold of, for going up the Ship'sSide.
Luffhook
	Is for bousing the Tack aboard, when itblows hard, and is a Sort of a Preventer tothe Tack.
Grapnel
	Being bent to a Grapnel, either the Long-Boat,Pinnace or Yawl rides by it.
Guess
	Is for keeping the Long-Boat, Pinnace orYawl from steeving, or going too much inand out when towing.
Parrel
	Is reeved through the Ribs and Trucks,which, with the Breast Ropes, lashes the Parrelto the Masts.
Rother
	Reeved through a Hole in the Boat's Rother.
Slip
	For triseing up the Bites of the Cable to theRails of the Head.
Stantion
	Reeved through the Eyes of the Stantions.
Swabb
	Serves as a Handle to them.
Top
	Are those with which the Top-masts areset or struck; they are reeved through anIron-bound Block, which hooks under theCap, and then reeved through the Heel of theTop-mast, where a Brass Shiver is placedathwart Ships; the other Part of them comesdown to the Top Tackle Falls, which hasdouble Blocks Iron-bound, and hooks to RingBolts upon the Deck.
Tiller
	To keep the Tiller steady, that it may notfly from Side to Side.
Wast
	For Boats to make fast to, along-side.
Wheel
	Goes round the Spindle of the SteeringWheel, and from thence to the Tiller, and aregenerally white Rope.
Ropebands
	Are made out of old Rope, Junk, &c.reeved through the Head Holes of the Sails,which make them fast to the Yards, and arevulgarly called Robins.
Rope Yarn
	Is the Yarn of any Rope untwisted, butcommonly made out of Junk; its Use is tomake Sinnet, Mats, &c.
Roves
	Are small square Pieces of Iron, with a Holepunched in the Middle of them, throughwhich the Nail goes, where it is clenched, andfastens the Boards of Pinnaces, Yawles, orWherries to one another.
Rother
	A Piece of Timber suitably formed, andhung with Irons called Pintles and Braces tothe Stern Post; its Use is to traverse and governthe Ship under Sail.
Rother Irons
	Are the Cheeks of Iron which is fastened tothe Stern Post of Ships or Boats, and into whichthe Pintles go.
Rother Tackles
	Are for Succour in Case the Tiller shouldbreak, and the Pendants are spliced to shortChains at the Back of the Rother, and theFalls come in on each Quarter of the Ship.
Round House
	When the Poop is made so long as to comenear, or to the Mizon Mast, there is (besidesthe Cabbins Abaft) an outer Apartment, whichis called the Round House.
Rowle
	Is a round Piece of Wood wherein the Whipstaffgoes, being made to turn about, that itmay carry over the Staff the easier from Sideto Side.
Rowlucks
	Are spaces left on the Gunwale, where twoThoals are let in at such a Distance from eachother, as to admit the Oar at the End of theLoom to lie on, for rowing the Boat.
Rowse
	The Cable or Hawser, that is, take it inor out.
Rozin
	Is used for Paying the Ship's Sides, Boats,Blocks, &c.
Rufftrees
	Are slight Rails let into Iron Stantions, generallyon the Quarter Deck and Fore Castle,against which a Weather Sail is fixed forShelter to the Men; and likewise to keepand prevent them from tumbling over-boardat Sea.
Run
	So much of the After-part of a Ship as isunder Water, is called her Run.
Rundlets
	Are allowed the Boatswains to keep Oyl in.
Runner
	Is a Rope reeved in a single Block seizedto the End of a Pendant, and has at the oneEnd a Hook to hitch into any Thing, and atthe other End a long Tackle Block, intowhich is reeved the Fall of the Tackle orGarnet, by which Means it Purchases morethan a Tackle Fall can do alone, and they,with the Halyards, hoist up the Topsail Yards,as the Ties do the Top-gallant Yards.
Rungheads
	The Floor Timber Heads.
Saddles
	Are used by the Smiths to turn Thimbleshollow on.
Sail
	Every Yard in a Ship hath its proper Sail,(except the Cross Jack) and takes its Namefrom the Yard; and those which are not bentto the Yards, are, the Flying Jibb, Fore, Fore-top,Main, Main-top, Main-top-gallant, Mizonand Mizon Top-mast Stay Sails, Main andMain-top Studding Sails.
Salvagees
	Are made with three flat Strands breeded,or by a small Turn put into several RopeYarns cut into proper Lengths, and are usedwhen a Shroud or Back Stay wants setting up,which is done by taking a Turn with the Salvageeround the Rope, to which they hook aTackle Fall, and by bousing thereon, bringsdown the Shrouds or Back Stays to their properPosition.
Sand
	Is used by the Bricklayers for making Mortar,and at the Kilns for stoving Plank.
Saucers
	Are round thick Pieces of Iron, on whichthe Spindle of the Capstons work.
Saws
	Hack
	Are made of Scythes, and jag'd at theEdges, and are for cutting and sawing offBolts.
Mill'd
	Are used by the Masons to saw Stones.
Two hand&Whip
	Are allowed to the Carpenters of all Shipsthat go to Sea, for the several Services theyare wanted for.
Scale
	A Mathematical Instrument, consisting ofone or more Lines drawn on Wood, Metal, orother Matter, divided into unequal Parts; ofgreat Use in laying down Distances in Proportion,or in measuring Distances already laiddown.
Scantling
	A Measure, Size or Standard, whereby Dimensionsof Things are determined.
Scarfed
	Is the same as pieced, fastened, or joinedin; thus they say, the Stem of a Ship is Scarfedinto her Keel, and they imply by it, that thetwo Pieces are so shaped as to join with oneanother close and even, which is called Woodand Wood.
Scavel Spitters
	Are a small Spade, only shod half Way, andare used for digging Clay.
Schoolmaster
	No one to be warranted who has not beenexamined at Trinity House, and produces aCertificate of his being well skilled in Navigation,&c. who is to instruct Voluntiers, andother Youths of the Ship; to inform againstsuch as are Idle; and not to be paid his Wageswithout a Certificate from the Captain.
Scoops
	Are for throwing Water out of Boats,Lighters, &c.
Scrapers
	Are used for scraping the Ship's Sides, Decks,Boats, &c.
Screw
Plates
	To cut Screws.
Tapps
	To make or cut the Nutts.
Screws for Hatches
	Are made with a very nice Worm, thatworks in a Nutt let into a Sort of Drum-head,which lifts up or lowers them down to let inor out Water into the Docks or Bason.
Screws Wood
	Are for lifting great Bodies, and are generallyplaced at the Bow of a Ship when to belaunched off a Slip, to start her.
Scribeing
	In Joynery, &c. is when one Side of a Pieceof Stuff being fitted to the Side of some otherPiece, which last is not Regular, to make thetwo close together all the Way.
Scuppers
	Are made of Leather, and laid to conveythe Water from off the Ship's Decks, for whichHoles are cut in the Ship's Sides.
Scuttles
	Are square Holes big enough for the Bodyof a Man to go down on Occasion into anyRoom below; also the little Windows or longHoles which are cut out in Cabbins to let inLight, are called Scuttles.
Sea Gate
	When two Ships are aboard one another,by Means of a Wave or Billow, then they liein a Sea Gate.
Seams
	Are where the Planks of a Ship, or Boardsin a Boat meet and join together; also Sailsare sewed with a flat or round Seam.
Sea Yoke
	When the Sea is so rough that the Helmcannot be governed by Hand, they make aYoke to steer by, having two Blocks seized tothe End of the Helm or Tiller, and reevingtwo Falls through them, they govern the Helm.
Seizing
	Is the same as fastening two Ropes together;or a Block to the End of a Tackle or Pendantis called Seizing it.
Send
	When a Ship either at an Anchor or underSail, falls with her Head or Stern deep intothe Trough or hollow of the Sea between twoWaves or Billows, they say she sends mucha-head or a-stern.
Serve
	To Serve a Rope, is to lay spun Yarn roundit with a Serving Mallet, which preserves itfrom wet, fretting or galling in any Place.
Sett
	When the Seamen observe on what Point ofthe Compass the Sun, Land, &c. bears, theycall it, Setting the Sun, or Land by theirCompass.
Setts for Saws
	Are for setting the Teeth when out of Order,so as they may cut with the greater Exactness.
Settle
	When a Deck of a Ship sinks lower thanit was, when first laid; is called Settling.
Sew
	When a Ship at low Water comes to be onthe Ground to lie dry, they say, she is Sewed;and if she be not quite left dry, they say, sheSews to such a Part.
Shakles
	Are those Rings with which the Ports areshut fast, by lashing the Port Bar to them.There are also Shakles put on the Bilbow Boltsfor confining the Men that have been guiltyof Faults.
Shank-painter
	A short Chain fastened under the ForeShrouds by a Bolt to the Ship's Side, having atthe other End a Rope spliced to the End ofthe Chain, on which the After-part of theAnchor Rests, when it lies by the Ship's Side.
Sheer
	When a Ship is not steered steadily, thenthey say she Sheers, or goes Sheering, or whenat an Anchor she goes in and out by Meansof the swift running of the Tide.
Sheers
	Are two Masts or Yards set a-cross at theupper End of one another, and are used generallyfor setting or taking out Ships Masts,where there is no Hulk to do that Office.
Sheathing
	Is casing that Part of a Ship which is to beunder Water, with Firr Board of an Inch thick,which, by laying Hair and Tar mixed togetherupon the Inside of the Boards, and thennailing them on, is to prevent the Worm fromeating her Bottom.
Sheats
	Are Ropes bent to the Clews of the Sails,serving in the lower Sails to hawl Aft the Clewof the Sail; but in Top-sails they serve tohawl home the Clew of the Sail close to theYard-Arm.
Shifters
	Certain Men employed by the Cooks toshift or change the Water in which the Fleshor Fish is put and laid for some Time, in orderfor boiling.
Ships
	Of War are masted with three Masts anda Bow-sprit, and sailed with square Sails.
Advice Boats
	Now out of Use, but were formerly fittedwith two Masts, and square Sails.
Belander
	Has Rigging and Sails not unlike a Hoy,but is broader and flatter; the covering of theDeck is raised up half a Foot higher than theGunwale, between which, and the Deck, thereis a Passage left free for the Men to walk; areseldom above twenty-four Tun, and can lienearer the Wind than a Vessel with cross Sailscan do.
Bomb Vessels
	Go sometimes with three Masts and squareSails; sometimes Ketch fashion, with one anda Mizon.
Brigantines
	Not now used, but were built light forrowing or sailing, and had two Masts andsquare Sails.
Hagboats
	Are masted and sailed Ship fashion, butbuilt in Figure after the Manner of Dutch FlyBoats.
Hoys
	Are fitted with one Mast and a Spreet-sail,and sometimes with Shoulder of Mutton Sails,whose Yards are not a-cross, but stands Foreand Aft like a Mizon, so can lie nearer theWind.
Hulks
	They are generally old Ships cut down tothe Gun Deck, and fitted with a large Wheelfor Men to go in when Careening; and hasseveral Capstons fixed on the Deck for settingShips Masts.
Ketches
	Fitted with two Masts, and their Main-sailand Top-sail stands square as Ships do; andtheir Fore-sail and Jibbs stands as Hoys do.
Lighters
	Are made use of for laying down or shiftingthe Moarings; for bringing a-shore orcarrying off Ships Cables, Anchors, &c. ortaking in Ballast out of Ships that are to bedocked, &c.
Pinks
	Are masted, and sail with three Masts, Shipfashion, but round sterned, with a small Luteor Projection Abaft over the Rother.
Punts
	Are built four square, and used about theDocks for fetching Clay, and other Servicesas the Master Shipwright wants them for.
Shallop
	Is a small Light Vessel, with only a smallMain and Fore-mast, and Lugg-sails to haulup and let down on Occasion.
Sloops
	Are sailed and masted as Mens Fancies leadthem, sometimes with one Mast, with two,and with three, with Bermudoes, Shoulder ofMutton, Square, Lugg, and Smack Sails; theyare in Figure either square or round Stern'd.
Smacks
	Are necessary Transporting Vessels, with oneMast and half Spreet-sail.
Yachts
	One Mast with an half Spreet or Smack Sail,and sometimes Ketch fashion.
Shivers
	Are those little round Wheels in Blocks inwhich the Rope runs, they turn with theRope; and the Voyal Blocks have Pieces ofBrass in their Centers, (which are called Coaks)with Holes in them, into which the Iron Pinof the Block goes, and on which they turn.These Shivers are of Lignum Vitæ, but thosein the Heels of Topmasts, and in great Ships,Catheads are generally Brass.
Shoal
	When a Ship sails towards a Shore, and theyfind by Sounding the Water grows shallow byDegrees; or when a Sail is too deep, and anyCanvas is cut from its Depth, then they saythe Sail is Shoaled.
Shoe for an Anchor
	Is made of a Piece of Baulk, or thick Stuff,one End cut with a Hole for the Bill of theAnchor to go into, and the other with atriangular Notch to receive the Stock, whichkeeps off the Sheats, Tacks, and other runningRigging from gauling or being entangled withthe Flooks.
Shot of a Cable
	Is the splicing two or three Cables together,that a Ship may ride safe in deep Water, andin great Roads.
Shovels
	Are allowed the Boatswains for trimming,heaving in or out their Ballast, or cleaning theShip.
Shrouds
	Are great Ropes in a Ship which comedown both Sides of all Masts; they are fastenedbelow to the Chains by the Ship's Side withLanyards, and aloft are seized so as to havean Eye, which goes over the Head of the Mast;and so are the Pendants and Swifters, they areParcelled and Served, to prevent the Mastsgauling them. The Top-mast Shrouds arefastened to the Puttock Plates by dead Eyesand Lanyards, as the others are; the Termsare, Ease the Shrouds, that is, slacken them;set up the Shrouds, that is, set them stiffer.
Signals
	Are given for the beginning of a Battle, oran Attack at Sea, by Cannon, Lights, Sails,Flags, &c. in the Day, Night, in a Fog, inDistress, or calling Officers on board theAdmiral.
Sinnet
	Is made of Rope Yarn, consisting generallyof two, six, or nine Threads, which are dividedinto three Parts, and are platted over oneanother, and then is beaten smooth and flatwith a Mallet; is to serve the Ropes, that is,to keep them from gauling.
Skeets
	Are for weting Yachts Sails, or the Ship'sSides in ordinary the Summer Season.
Skek
	Usually called the Skeg, is that little Partof the Keel, which is cut slaunting, and is lefta little without the Stern Post.
Skids
	Are wooden Fenders fay'd on the Outsideof the Ship, for the Conveniency of hoistingin Boats, Provisions, &c.
Skimmers
	Made with a round Hoop of Iron, and aSocket for a Pole or Spar to go into, as a Handlein the Middle of the Hoop. A Net ismade of Rope Yarn, not unlike an OysterDrudge, and they are used by the Scavengersfor clearing Chips, &c. which float on theSurface of the Water, from getting into theJoints of the Gates, or into the Drains of theDocks.
Slatch
	After long foul Weather, if there come asmall interval of fair, they say, this is a Slatchof fair Weather.
Sleepers
	Are commonly three Strakes of Foot Waalingthicker than the rest, wrought over the Wrungheads.
Slices
	Are used by the Smiths to clear and keeptheir Fire together.
Slideing Rule
	A Mathematical Instrument serving to workQuestions in Gauging, measuring Timber withoutthe Use of Compasses, merely by the slideingof the Parts of the Instrument one byanother, the Lines and Divisions whereof givethe Answer by Inspection.
Slings
Boat
	Are fixed with Thimbles and Tackle Hooks,which hook into small Ringbolts drove in theStem, Midships and Stern of the Boats, forhoisting them in or out of the Ship.
Buoy
	Are fixed round them, which not only isa Means to defend them from being staved,but also the Buoy-ropes are seized to one oftheir Ends.
Butt Gun Hogshead
	Are made use of for hoisting them in orout of the Ship.
Snipe Bills
	Are a Sort of Hooks used for fastening theAxle-trees of the Chain Pumps to the Bitts.
Snorters
	The Smiths put them on one End of theBeak Iron, to turn any of their Work with.
Soap
	Is used for Paying the Slips to make themslippery, that the Ships, when to be launchedin their Cradles, or Buildge ways, meet withno Obstruction or Stop in their Run.
Sodder
	Used by the Plumber for soddering of Pipes,Furnace, and Water Cocks, &c.
Sounding
	Is when the Depth of Water is tryed eitherby an Inch or three Quarter Rope, with a deepSea Lead at the End of it; is marked at two,three, or four Fathom with a Piece of blackLeather betwixt the Strands, but at five Fathomis marked with a Piece of white Leatheror Cloth.
Spanshakle
	Is a large Clasp of Iron, which goes roundthe End of the Davit upon the Fore-Castle,having a long Bolt, which goes through a Fore-CastleBeam, and also Forelocks through anupper Deck Beam in the Midships.
Sparrs
Cant
	Are from 33 to 35ft long, 5 Hands, Wrought into Booms,
Barling
	Are from 30 to 28ft long, 4 Hands, Wrought into Top-gallant-masts,
Boom
	Are from 24 to 20ft long, 3 Hands, Wrought into Flag Staffs, Boats Masts, &c.,
Midling
	Are from 20 to 16ft long, Delivered into Store.
Small
	Are from 16 to 11ft long, Six Score to the hundred. Both for Bowsprits, Boat Hooks, Mop Staves, &c.
Spell
	Signifies doing any Work for a short Time,and then leaving it. Therefore a fresh Spellis when fresh Men come to work; and to givea Spell, is all one as to say, Work in such aone's Room.
Spiles
	Are small Wood Pins, which are drove intothe Nail-holes, when a Ship's Sheathing istaken off.
Spindle
	Is the smallest Part of a Ship's Capston; andwhere the Vane flies at the Mast Head, is alsocalled a Spindle, and made of Iron.
Spitts
	Are allowed the Boatswains, and used forroasting the Officers Victuals.
Spirketing
	Are Strakes of thick Plank wrought fromthe lower Edge of each Port to each Deck respectivelywithin Side of the Ship.
Splice
	When the Ends of two Pieces of Cable orRope are untwisted, and the several Strandsare wrought into one another by a Fid, it iscalled a Splice.
Split
	When a Sail is blown to pieces, it is Split.
Spooning
	When a Ship being under Sail in a Stormat Sea, and cannot bear it, but is forced to putbefore the Wind, then she Spoons.
Spring
	When a Mast is only crack'd, but not quitebroken in any Part of it, as in the Partners,Hounds, &c. then it is Sprung.
Spunyarn
	Is made out of Junk, old Cordage, &c.
Spurketts
	The Holes or Spaces between the Futtocksor Rungs by the Ship's Sides,
Standing-part
	Of the Sheat, is that which is made fast toa Ring at the Ship's Quarter; when they sayover-haul the Sheat, they mean haul upon theStanding Part; and the Standing Part of aTackle is the End of the Rope where theBlock is seized or fastened.
Standing Rigging
	Are those Ropes which do not run in anyBlock, but are set taught, or let slack, as occasionserves, as the Shrouds, Stays, Back-stays,&c.
Standards
	Are a Sort of Knees fay'd from the Deckto the Sides of the Ship within-board, tostrengthen her in the same Manner as Knees,but are bigger.
Stantions
	Iron
	Are fixed on the Quarters of a Ship, towhich the Nettings are generally seized; theystand likewise in the Waste, at the EnteringPlace, and in the Tops.
Wood
	Are those Timbers which being set upPillarwise, do support and strengthen theDecks, &c.
Staples
	Are drove into Ships false Keels, Ports, andseveral other Uses they are applicable to.
Starboard
	The Right Hand Side of a Ship, as Larboardis the Left; thus they say, Starboard theHelm, or Helm a Starboard, when he thatConds would have the Men at the Helm orSteering Wheel put the Helm to the RightSide of the Ship.
Stays
	Are Ropes made with four Strands and aHeart in the Middle, whose Uses are to keepthe Masts and Top-masts from falling. Tobring a Ship upon the Stays, or to Stay her,is in order to her Tacking.
Steady
	A Word of Command at Sea from him thatConds, to the Men at the Helm or SteeringWheel, to keep the Ship Steady in her Course,and not to make Angles or Yaws (as they callthem) in and out.
Steelyards
	A Kind of Ballance used for weighing largeAnchors, whose Weight are found by the Useof one single Weight placed on the Beam,with the proper Pea hanging at the End ofthe Beam.
Steer
	To guide or govern a Ship by the Helm orSteering Wheel.
Steerage
	Is always before the Bulk-head of the greatCabbin, and in which the Admirals or Captainsgenerally dine.
Steeve
	The Bowsprit of a Ship Steeves when eitherstands too upright, and not streight enoughforward.
Stem
	A Curve Piece of Timber projecting fromthe foremost End of the Keel to the Height ofthe Bowsprit, into which the Body of the Shipterminates Afore, and all the whooding Endsof the out-board Planks are rabbited.
Steps
	For Masts, are large Pieces of Timber fay'dcross the Keelson in the Hold into which theHeels of the Masts are fitted. And Steps forCapstons are fitted on the Decks respectivelyfor their Use; other Steps for Ladders are forgoing from one Deck to another.
Stern
	Is all that Part of a Ship as is right Aft, andadorned with Sash Lights.
Stern fasts
	Are large Ropes which come out at theGun-room, or After-Ports of a Ship, in orderto lash her fast to a Wharf, &c.
Stern Post
	A streight Piece of Timber tennanted intothe After-End of the Keel, with an agreeableRake or Declination from the Perpendicular;into this are all the Transoms scored andbolted, and all the whooding Ends of the out-boardPlank of the Bottom rabbited; and onthis Post hangs the Rother.
Steward
	Is he that acts for the Purser, receives andissues all Provisions out to the several Messesof Victuals, &c. to the Ship's Company.
Stiles
	In Carpentry, &c. are the upright Pieceswhich go from the Bottom to the Top of theWainscot.
Stirrup
	Is an Iron Plate that turns up on each Sideof a Ship's Keel, at her Fore-foot or Stern,where it is bolted.
Stoaked
	When the Water in the Bottom of a Shipcannot come to the Well, or pass through theLimber-holes, but something Choaks themup, so that the Pumps will not work, thenthey say she is Stoaked.
Stocks
	A Ship is said to be on the Stocks whenbuilding.
Stone
	Flatner
	Is used by the Bricklayers for bringing upthe Foundations of Houses, &c.
Grind
	For the Workmen to whet their Tools, &c.
Gun
	Is laid in the Bottom of the Dock Dreins.
Gutter
	Is laid at the Officers Lodgings and Store-housesfor carrying off the Water.
Stone
	Load
	Are used for touching the Needles of Azimuthor Brass Box Compasses.
Marble
	Is brought from Plymouth, and burnt in theKiln to make Lime.
Paving Smooth
	Laid at the Bottoms of Cellars, Kitchens, andCourts of the Officers Houses, &c.
Portland Block
	Is used at, and for the Service of the StoneDocks.
Rub
	Are for the House Carpenters and Joynersto whet their Tools on.
Stools
	The Ship's Poop and Top Lanterns standon them, which are supported by the Cranks.
Stopper
	Is a Piece of Cable-laid Rope, having aWhale Knot at one End, with a Lanyardfastened to it, and the other End is splicedround a Thimble in the Ring-bolts upon Deck,and at the Bitts; its Use is to stop the Cable,that it do not run out too fast; they takeTurns with the Lanyard about the Cable, andthe Whale Knot stops it, so that it cannot slipaway faster than is necessary.
Stoves
	Are square Boxes made of Plank filled withBricks, and when fitted with an Iron Ringand small Bars, are for burning Charcoal, inorder for the Cook to dress the Admiral's orCaptain's Victuals on.
Strakes
	Are the uniform Ranges of Planks on theBottom, Decks and Sides of the Ships, andthe Garboard is that which is next the Keel.
Strap
	Is a Rope spliced about any Block, or madewith an Eye to fasten it any where on Occasion.
Stream
	When a Ship would only stop a Tide infair Weather and smooth Water, they generallyride only by their Stream Anchor.
Streight
	A narrow Sea Passage between two Lands.
Stretch
	When a Ship with all her Sails drawing,steers out of a Road where she has lain at anAnchor, then they say she is stretching awayfor Sea.
Strike
	A Word variously used. When a Ship inFight, or on meeting with a Man of War, letsdown or lowers her Topsails at least half Masthigh, she Strikes, meaning, she yields or submits,or pays her Devoir to the Man of Warshe passes by. When a Ship touches Groundin Shoal Water, they say, she Strikes. Whenany Topmast is to be taken down, the Wordis, Strike the Topmast. And when any Thingis let or lowered down into the Hold, they callit Striking down into the Hold.
String
	Is that strake of Plank within Side of theShip that is wrought over the upper DeckPorts in the Wast.
Surge
	When heaving at the Capston, if the Cable,Voyal, or Messenger happen to slip a little,they call it Surging.
Swabber
	Is to see that the Ship's Decks are kept neatand clean.
SwallowTails
	Are Bolts forged at one End not unlike aBird's Tail, sharpened and hardened; are usedin breaking up old Ships, for cutting off theTree-nails and Bolts after they are almost sawedthrough with a Hack Saw; then they put theSwallow Tail thereon, which clips the Bolt,and by driving it with a Maul, cuts and separatesthe same. As also a strong forkedfastening together two Pieces of Timber.
Sweep
	When the Mold of a Ship begins to compassin at the Rung-heads, they call it the Sweepof her; as they do when a Hawser is draggedalong the Ground at the Bottom of the Sea,to recover any Thing that is sunk, Sweepingfor it.
Swifters
	Are esteemed a Part of the Gang of Foreand Main Shrouds, (where they have oddones) and of the same Size which are for succouringthose Masts.
Swifting
	A Boat, is compassing her Gunwale roundwith a good Rope. A Ship is either bringingher a-ground, or on a Carreen; and the CapstonBars, is straining a Rope all round theouter Ends of them, to prevent their flyingout of the Drum-head.
Swivels
	Are made use of at the Moarings in Harbour,to which the Cables and Bridles are bent,that the Ships may swing round either uponTide of Ebb or Flood.
Tables
Deal
	Are allowed the Warrant Officers for theirCabbins.
Wainscot
	Allowed the Admirals and Commanders fortheir Cabbins, &c.
Tack about
	When a Ship's Head is to be brought aboutso as to lie a contrary Way.
Tacks
	Are Ropes Cable-laid tapering, having aWhale Knot at one End, which is seized orfastened into the Clew of the Sail, reevedthrough the Chess-trees, and then broughtthrough a Hole in the Ship's Side; its Use isto carry forward the Clew of the Sail, to makeit stand close by a Wind; and whenever theSails are thus trimmed, the Fore and MainTacks are brought close by the Board, andhauled as forward on as they can be, and areusually belayed to the Bitts or a Kevel to fastenthem.
Tackles
	In a Ship, are Ropes running in three orfour Parts, having at one End a Pendant witha Block fastened to it, and also a Tackle Hookfor heaving any Thing in or out of the Ship.
Taffarel
	Is the uppermost Part of a Ship's SternAbaft, and always carved.
Tallow
	Is for Paying Ship's Bottoms, and also allowedto the Boatswains and Carpenters forseveral Uses it is proper for.
Tarr
	Is used for Tarring white Yarn at the RopeYard, by the Riggers, and Boatswains for ShipsRigging, and for Tarpawlings, Paying ShipsSides, Weather Boards, &c.
Tarras
	Used by the Masons in the Stone Work ofthe Docks, and for pointing or repairing theJoints, which from Time to Time stand inNeed of Repair.
Tarpawling
	Is a Piece of Canvas well Tarr'd over, tolay on the Hatches, Grateings, or any Placeto keep off Rain.
Taught
	Is the same as setting the Rope stiff or fast,they say, Set Taught the Shrouds, Stays, orany other Ropes, which are too slack andloose.
Taunt
	When the Masts of a Ship are too tall, theysay, She is Taunt masted.
Tier
	The several Ranks of Guns placed on theDecks are called the Lower, Middle, or UpperTier.
Tender
	Is a small Vessel taken up on Contract forattending the Men of War, and employed forpressing Seamen, &c.
Thauts
	Are for the Men which row the Boats tosit on.
Thimbles
	Are a Sort of round Rings, whose Edgesare turned up, and the Ropes go round in thehollow Part of the Outside of them whenthey are seized, in order to prevent the TackleHook from galling the Rope.
Thoals
	Are those Pins in the Gunwale of a Boat,between which the Men put their Oars whenthey row.
Thrums
	Are allowed the Boatswains and Carpentersto make Mops; and also to the Master Caulkerfor Mops to Pay the Ships Bottoms.
Thwart Ship
	Is across the Ship.
Tides
	Two periodical Motions of the Waters ofthe Sea, called the Flux and Reflux, or theEbb and Flow.
Ties
	Or Runners, are those Ropes by which theYards hang, and they with the Halyards carryor hoist the Yards up.
Tiller
	The very same with the Helm of a Ship,and are also used in small Ships and Boats forSteering them.
Tiller for Saws
	Are Handles for Whip Saws.
Timber
Ash
	Is used by the Master House Carpenter inWheelwright Work.
Beech
	Is used for Ways at the Bottom of the Dock,and sometimes cut into Keel-pieces.
Elm
	Is used for making Drumheads, for Capstons,Ships Caps, Keel-pieces, Lyons, Tafferels,&c.
Firr
	Is used for making Davits, by the HouseCarpenters for Girders, and such like largeUses in Building.
Oak Compass
	Is used by the Shipwrights, and convertedfor the Compassing Timbers of a Ship.
Streight
	Is used by the Shipwrights for Beams onboard a Ship, and for other Services that it isrequisite to be used on, and also by the HouseCarpenter in his Way of building.
Timbers
	Are those which Form the Body of a Ship,as Floor Timbers, Futtocks, &c.
Timbers Top
	Are the upper Timbers in the Frame of aShip, forming her Sides, &c.
Tin Plates; Double and Single
	Are used for lining the Bread, Cook, andPowder Rooms of Ships, covering the Tops oftheir Galleries, and for fining Oars, &c.
Tight
	When a Ship lets in but very little Water,she is Tight, which is known by the Smell o£that pumped out, for if she lets in but little,it will always stink, otherwise not.
Tire Cable
	The Row in the Middle of the Coiled Cable.
Toggle
	A short Piece of Wood made tapering ateach End, having a Score cut in the Middleof it, where a Rope is usually fastened, andwhen put through the Bite of another, thereis no Occasion of seizing them together.
Top
	Is a round Frame of Boards which lie uponthe Cross-trees, near the Head of the standingMasts.
Top Armours
	Are cut out of red Kersey, and tabledround with Canvas, hung about the Top forShow, and also cover the Men which are inthe Tops in a Fight.
Tops Laying
	Are used by the Rope-makers; those madewith three Scores are for closing three StrandRopes, and those with four are for Stays, andhas a Hole bored in their Center, throughwhich the Heart of the Stay passes.
Tools
Bolt
	To make Saucer Head Bolts in.
Nail
	To Head Nails in.
Thread
	Is for making, altering, and repairing Coloursin Store, or on board the Ship.
Tow
	Whatever is drawn after a Boat or Shipwith a Rope, &c. is said to be Towed.
Trail-board
	Is a carved Board let into, or nailed on theKnee of the Head, just below the Lyon.
Transoms
	Are large Pieces of Timber forming theButtock, or After-part of the Ship on bothSides; they are transversely situate on the Post,and in the Middle bolted to it; their Ends arefastened to the After-Timbers on each Siderespectively, called Fashion Pieces; they aredenominated severally according to their Elevations,as Wing Transoms, Deck Transoms,Transoms under the Deck, &c. All which,as Post Transoms, and Fashion Pieces, beingframed together, is commonly called the SternFrame.
Traverse
	A Ship when she makes Angles in and out,and cannot keep directly to her true Course,is called a Traverse. In Navigation, is theVariation of the Ship's Course, upon shiftingof Winds, &c. And a Traverse Board, is alittle round Board which hangs up, and boredfull of Holes upon Lines, shewing the Pointsof the Compass upon it; by moving a littlePeg from Hole to Hole, the Men at the Helmor Steering Wheel keeps an Account how manyGlasses (that is, Half Hours) the Ship Steersupon any Point.
Treenails
	Are long Pins of Wood, whence they arecalled Tree-nails, made out of Oak, to fastenthe Planks to the Timbers, and are alwaysCaulked with Ocham to prevent any Leak.
Tressle trees
	Are those Timbers that stand Fore and Aftat the Mast-head, for the Tops to lie on.
Tressle
	A wooden Frame to bear up Tables, Deals,Scaffolds, &c.
Triangles
	Are made out of large Spars, having theirlower Ends ferrilled with a Ring, and a Spuddrove into them, which runs into the Groundto steddy them; their upper End has a Boltthat goes through the three Parts, where aStaple is fixed for hanging a Scale Beam, whenthey are made use of for weighing Stores withoutDoors, as are received or delivered intothe Yard.
Trip
	A Ship goes with her Topsails a Tripshe carries them hoisted up to the highest, andwhen the Wind blows not too hard.
Trim
	Of a Ship, is her best Posture, with respectto her Proportion of Ballast, the standing ofher Masts, &c. for Sailing, and the best Wayto make her Sail well, and to find her Trim,depends very much on Experience and Judgment.
Trise
	For hauling up any Thing by a single Rope,that do not run in a Block, but is done byHand or main Strength. Thus if any Cask,Chest, or other Goods hath only a Rope fastenedto it, and without a Tackle is pulled upinto the Ship by Hand, it is Trised up.
Trivets
	Are used by the Caulkers for large Kettlesto stand on for heating Stuff when Paying Ships.
Trough
	Is the Hollow or Cavity made between anytwo Waves or Billows in a rowling Sea.
Trucks
	Acorn
	Are put on the End or Top of the VaneSpindle at the Mast-head.
Flaggstaff
	Are put on the Ends of them, and also onthe Ensign and Jack Staffs.
Parrel
	The Rope is reeved through them, and areplaced between the Ribs of the Parrel.
Seizing
	Are made fast to the Shrouds for the RunningRigging to go through.
Truss
	Is a Tackle fastened to the Parrel at theYard, which binds it fast when the Ship rowls,lying either a-hull or at an Anchor, and theFore, Main, and Mizon Yards have them.
Try
	A Ship is said to Try, when she hath nomore Sails abroad but her Main Course, whenher Tacks are close aboard, the Bowlings setup, and the Sheats hauled close Aft, or when,the Helm or Steering Wheel is so fastened asto prevent their having any Power of theTiller, so as she is let lie in the Sea, and sometimeswhen it blows so hard that she cannotbear her Main Course, they make her liea-Try, under her Mizon only.
Tuck
	Is when a Ship is not round Buttock'd, ascommonly English Ships are, (Sixth Rates latelyexcepted) under the Wing Transom, they sayshe is Square Tuck't. Dutch Men of War,and their Merchant Ships, are generally builtwith square Tucks.
Tue Iron
	Are for the Smith's Bellows to blow through.
Turpentine
	Is used for Paying Ships Sides, Masts, Boats,&c.
Twine
	Sail
	Is used by the Sail-makers for making andrepairing Sails; allowed the Boatswains forrepairing the Sails when they want at Sea, forwhiping Ropes, and such like Uses.
Mark
	Is put into all Cordage, from three Inchesdownwards, as the King's Mark.
Tiles
	Are used by the bricklayers on the Roofs ofLodgings, Storehouses, &c.
Tyminoguy
	A Rope, one End nailed to the Outside ofthe Stock of an Anchor, stowed at the Bow,and the other fastened or belayed to the Ship'sSides on the Fore-Castle; its Use is for preventingthe Fore-Sheats (when getting underSail) droping down between the Anchor Stockand Ship's Side.
Veer
	Veering out a Rope, is letting it go by Hand,or letting it run out of its self. Thus theyVeer more Cable, that is, Let more Cable runout; but this Word is not used for the lettingout of any Running Rope except the Sheat,but of that they say, Veer more Sheat, that is,Let more of it run out. The Word Veer isalso used in Reference to the Wind, for whenit changeth often and suddenly, they say TheWind Veereth.
Vice
	There are two Sorts, Bench and Hand; theformer are fixed to a Bench in the Smith'sShop, and used by them for holding fast theirWork, when to be filed or cleaned, as theother is (being small) held in the Hand whenmade use of.
Viol
	A Cable-laid Rope, which being reevedthrough a large Block lashed at the Main-mast,is made use of by heaving at the JeerCapston to weigh the Anchor when Nippersare brought on about the Cable.
Vinegar
	Is allowed for washing the Ships betweenDecks when abroad, for preventing any Contagionspreading among the Men.
Umbrello's
	Are Screens hung at the Stern over theShip's Lights, to keep out the Sun, and aregenerally covered with Canvas or Kersey.
Unmoar
	When a Ship or Vessel that Rides at twoAnchors begins to get them up in order toSail, she is Unmoaring.
Uphroes
	Are a Kind of Spar brought from Norway,from thirty two Feet to twenty eight Feetlong, and four Inches by three and an halfsquare at the Top End.
Waals
	Are those protuberant Strakes of Plank (orthick Stuff) wrought thicker than the Reston the Sides of a Ship, the Appearance ofwhich gives her Sheer, that is, the beautifulRising they commonly have Fore and Aftabove Water.
Waft
	To make a Waft is to hoist up an Ensignrowled up to the Top of the Staff, as aSign for the Men to come on board, or thata Ship is in Danger by a Leak, &c. and thereforewants Help from the Shore, or from someother Ship.
Wake
	Is the smooth Water that runs from a Ship'sStern when under Sail, and by it a good Guessmay be made of the Speed she makes. Alsowhen one Ship giving Chace to another, is gotas far into the Wind as she, and sails directlyafter her, they say, She has got into her Wake.
Wale Rear'd
	Not Ship shape, but built right up aftershe comes to her Bearing.
Walt
	A Ship is Walt when she hath not her dueBallast, that is, not enough to enable her tobear her Sails.
Warp
	Is to haul or transport a Ship by a Cabletor Hawser (proper for that Purpose) bent toan Anchor or a Buoy; it is used when a Windis wanting to carry her into or out of anHarbour, or to Moarings, and this is termedWarping; and the Cablet or Hawser used onthis Occasion is called a Warp.
Wast
	The Ship's Sides between the Quarter Deckand Fore-castle is commonly called so.
Boards
	Are sometimes set upon the Sides of a Boat,to keep the Sea from breaking into her.
Cloths
	Is Kersey, tabled with Canvas, and hunground the Wast, Quarter Deck, and Poop of aShip for Ornament.
Trees
	In small Ships only, are the same as RuffTrees.
Watch
	Signifies the Space of four Hours, becausehalf of the Ship's Company Watch and doDuty in their Turns, so long at a Time, whoare divided into two Parts, the Larboard, andthe Starboard Watch.
Water-born
	Is when a Ship, even and just with theGround, first begins to float or swim, beingborn up by the Water.
Water Line
	Is that which goes round the Ship at theSurface of the Water, and shews the true Shapeof her Body.
Water Shot
	Is a Sort of riding at Anchor, when a Shipis moared neither a-cross the Tide, nor rightup and down, but betwixt both.
Water ways
	Is that Strake of Plank on the Flat of eachDeck respectively next the Ship's Side, forturning the Water out of the Seams.
Way of a Ship
	Is sometimes the same with the Rake orRun of her Fore and Aft; but is mostly usedas to her Sailing, for when she goes apace,they say, She makes good or fresh Way. Andbecause most Ships are apt to fall a little toLeeward of their Course, they always in castingup the Logboard allow something for herLeeway, which is one Point or more, accordingto her Sailing.
Weather Coyl
	When a Ship being a-hull, has her Headbrought about so as to lie that Way which herStern did before, without loosing of any Sail,but only by bearing up of the Helm, this iscalled Weather Coyling of her.
Weather Gage
	That Ship is said to have the Weather Gageof another, when she is to Windward of her.
Weathering
	A doubling or getting to Windward of aPoint or Place.
Wedges Iron
	Are for splitting Wood.
Wedges Wood
	Are made out of Beech or Elm for splittingWood, or to be put between the Wrain Stavesand Ships Sides for setting too of Planks, andfor barring in of Ports, &c.
Weighing
	Is drawing up an Anchor out of the Ground,in order to set Sail.
Welding
	When the Smiths give their Iron a properHeat in the Forge, in order to double up thesame when wanted to weld a Work in theDoublings, so as to be in one Piece thickenough for the Purpose it is wanted for.
Well
	A square Place, parted off and plankedround the Main-mast from the Gundeck downto the Foot-waaling, to keep the Ballast, &c.from the Pumps placed therein.
Whale-knot
	Is a round Knot or Knob made with threeStrands of a Rope at one End of the Tacks,Topsail Sheats and Stoppers, so that they cannotslip.
Wheels Steering
	Are placed on the Quarter Deck, fixed toan Axis, round which go the Wheelrope,which is made fast to the Tiller in the Gun-Room,it passes through Blocks at the Side,and from thence comes up to the Wheel inthe Midships.
Whelps
	Are those Brackets set Edge ways upon theBarrel of a Capston, which give the Sweepto it, and are so contrived that a Voyal orCable brought about them may not surge somuch as it would do, if the Body of the Capstonwas quite round and smooth.
Whipstaff
	Is fastened into the Helm, for him thatSteers to hold in his Hand, thereby to movethe Helm and Steer the Ship: It goes throughthe Rowl, and made fast to the Tiller with aRing.
Whirles
	Used by the Rope-makers when either layingsmall Cordage, or spinning Yarn, and areplaced in the Heads of the Wheels and Worksin Brasses fixed therein.
Whoodings
	Are the Ends of the Bottom Planks at theExtremities of the Ship, rabbited into the StemAfore, and into the Post Abaft.
Winches Iron
	Are Handles for turning round Grindstones,Wheels of Chain Pumps, &c.
Wind
	Bringing a Ship's Head about, is called Windingof her, and when rides at an Anchor, sheis said to wind up. Also when she is underSail, they use to enquire, How she Winds, thatis, which way she lies with her Head; so, toWind the Boat, is to turn her Head about.
Wind Taught
	Implying as much as stiff in the Wind, fora Thing is Taught, when it is stiff. Thus toomuch Rigging over Head, or any Thing holdingWind Aloft, is said to hold a Ship WindTaught; by which is meant, she stoops toomuch in her Sailing in a stiff Gale of Wind.So also, when a Ship rides in Stress of Windand Weather, they strike down her Topmasts,which holds too much Wind, or be WindTaught.
Winding Tackle Pendant
	Is a Cable-laid Rope brought about the Headof the Mast, having a treble Block with threeShivers in it, seized fast to the End, throughwhich and a double Block, the Fall is reeved,so brought to the Capston by a Snatch Block,whereby the Guns, or any other heavy Stores,are hoisted in or out.
Windlass
	Is a Piece of Timber having six or eightSquares, and is fixed thwart Ship Abaft theForecastle; in small Ships, Hoys, &c. thisWindlass will Purchase as much as a Capstonin weighing of an Anchor, and without anyDanger to those that heave, because theyheave here about with Handspikes, put intoseveral Holes made in the Windlass, of whichthough one should happen to break, yet wouldthe Windlass paul of itself, without any furtherDanger.
Wind sails
	Are used for drawing fresh Air into theHolds of Ships, by cooling every Part, whichcontributes towards preserving them fromDecay.
Wood Hard
Live Oak
	Is for making Reeming Beetles and Coggsfor the Wheels, used for working the ChainPumps which throws the Water out of theDocks.
Lignum Vitæ
	Is used for making Shivers and Pins forBlocks.
Wood & Wood
	Are two Pieces of Timber nicely let in orfay'd to each other, that the Wood of onejoyns close to the other.
Wood Faggots
	Are used in heating the Kilns for stovingPlank, and also the Oven where the Sail-makersstove the Bolt-ropes.
Woodmeil
	A hairy coarse Stuff made of Island Wool,and supplied to the Carpenters of Ships at someof his Majesty's Yards for lining of Ports, &c.
Woolding
	Signifies the winding of Ropes at certainDistances about a Mast, in order to strengthenit.
Woolers Double and Single Hand
	Used at the Rope Yard, and the Men thatwork with them, are a great Help to thosethat heave at the Hooks in laying or closingCables.
Worming
	Is twice-laid Cordage, and used for WormingStays, Shrouds, &c. which is laid betwixtthe Strands, in order to strengthen or succourthem, or for making Netings on the Quarters,Wast, and Tops of Ships for Shelter to theMen when in Action.
Wrain Staves
	Are a Sort of thick Billets, tapered so ateach End that they may go into the Ring ofthe Wrain Bolt, and are for bringing too Planksor thick Stuff to the Compassing Parts of aShip's Side, &c.
Wreck
	Is when a Ship is drove ashore in a Storm,or Perishes on the Sea, and no Man escapesalive out of her.
Yards
	New England are wrought in eight squaresin the Middle, and from thence in their severalQuarters are tapered to the Ends in sixteenSquares, and received by the Inches in Diameterthey are in the Slings; the Top andTop-gallant are generally made out of Gottenbro'or Norway Masts, all which are madeof suitable Dimensions in Diameter and Lengthfor their proper Sails to be bent to them, whichare hoisted up and lowered down by the Jeers,Halyards, Lifts, &c.
Yare
	Is a Sea Word for Nimble, Ready, Quick,or Expeditious.
Yarn
	That which the Rope-makers spin out ofthe Hemp for making Cordage, is called Yarn;and when Four hundred Threads are warpedoff the Winches, and a slight Turn is put intoit, it is called a Hall, in order to be Tarred,which is done by four Men running in a largeWheel, that draws it through a Furnace ofboiling Tar, and is pressed so very dry by aNipper, that it will not soil one's Hand.
Yawes
	A Ship makes Yawes, when through theFault of him at the Helm or Steering Wheelshe is not kept steady in her Course, but makesAngles in and out.