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INSTRUCTION IN ART, General and Special, as afforded at the SCHOOLS of the DEPARTMENT of SCIENCE and ART, at MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, Pall Mall, London. The School consists of

I. A NORMAL SCHOOL for TRAINING TEACHERS.

II. SPECIAL CLASSES for TECHNICAL INSTRUCTION.

Art Superintendent:—

RICHARD REDGRAVE, R.A.

The SPRING SESSION will COMMENCE on 1st of MARCH, and end 31st of July; and the Fees are for that period.

1. The Courses of Instruction are intended to impart systematically a knowledge of the scientific principles of Art, especially in its relation to the useful purposes of life. A limited application of those principles is demonstrated with the view of preparing Students to enter upon the future practice of the Decorative Arts in Manufactories and Workshops, either as Masters, Overseers, or skilled workmen. At the same time, instruction is afforded to all who may desire to pursue these studies without reference to a preparation for any special Branch of Industry. Special Courses are arranged in order to train persons to become Masters of Schools of Art, and to enable Schoolmasters of Parochial and other Schools to teach Elementary Drawing as a part of general Education concurrently with Writing.

2. The Lectures and Courses of Instruction are as follows:—

GENERAL COURSE FOR MALE STUDENTS ONLY.

A. Free-hand, Model, and Elementary Mechanical Drawing, Practical Geometry and Perspective, Painting in Oil, Tempera, and Water Colours. Modelling. The Classes for Drawing, Painting, and Modelling, include the Figure from the Antique and the Life: and Artistic Anatomy. Lectures, Teaching, and Practice, in the Morning and Evening, Fee 4l. the Session.—Head Master, Mr. Burchet; Assistants, Messrs. Herman, Walsh, Denby, Wills, and Hancock.

B. The Evening Instruction is limited to advanced Drawing, Painting, and Modelling, including the Figure. Fee 2l.

TECHNICAL COURSES.

C. Practical Construction, including Architecture, Building, and the various processes of Plastic Decoration, Furniture, and Metal Working. Lectures, Teaching and Practice, Morning and Evening. Fee 4l. Evening Course only, Fee 2l. for Male Students only. Superintendent, Professor Semper.

D. Mechanical and Machine Drawing. Class Lectures with Evening Teaching and Morning Practice. For Male Students only. Fee 2l. Superintendent, Mr. W. Binns.

E. Surface Decoration, as applied to Woven Fabrics of all kinds, Lace, Paper Hangings, &c. Lectures, Teaching and Practice, Morning and Evening. Fee 4l. An Afternoon Class for Females only, Fee 2l. An Evening Class for Male Students only, Fee 2l. Superintendent, Mr. Octavius Hudson.

F. Porcelain Painting, daily Teaching and Practice for Male and Female Students, Fee 4l. Superintendents, Mr. Simpson and Mr. Hudson.

G. Wood Engraving. Lectures, daily Teaching and Practice for Female Students only, Fee 4l. Superintendents, Mr. Thompson and Miss Waterhouse.

H. Lithography, Chalk, Pen, and Colour. Daily Teaching and Practice for Female Students only, Fee 4l. Superintendents, Mr. Brookes and Miss Channon.

PUBLIC LECTURES

On the Forms and Colours of the Animal and Vegetable Kingdoms, by Professor E. Forbes; on the Human Form, by Mr. J. Marshall, F.R.C.S.; on the History of Ornamental Art, by Mr. Wornum, &c. Admission to each Lecture, 6d.

3. The Instruction for the general Students is carried on daily, except on Saturdays.

4. Students may matriculate for a period of three years upon paying 20l. in one sum on entrance, or three annual payments of 10l. They are entitled to attend all the Public and Class Lectures, the general and technical Courses, to receive personal instruction, and to practice in the School at all times; they have also access to the Museum and Library. At the end of the Session they may pass an Examination, and have the privilege of competing for Scholarships, varying from 10l. to 30l. a year in value.

5. Occasional Students are at liberty to attend only the particular Courses for which they enter, and have admission to the Museum, Library, and Public Lectures.

6. A CLASS FOR SCHOOLMASTERS AND PUPIL TEACHERS will meet every Wednesday and Friday, Tuesday and Thursday Evenings, and on Saturdays, Fee, 5s. Superintendent of the Training teaching, and Elementary Instruction, Mr. Burchet; Assistant, Mr. Bowler.

Also at Gore House, Kensington, on Monday and Thursday.

7. A Register of the Students' attendances is kept, and may be consulted by Parents and Guardians.

8. The SCHOOL FOR THE FEMALE STUDENTS passing through the General Course, is at 37. Gower Street. Superintendent, Mrs. M‘Ian; Assistants, Miss Gann and Miss West.

Fees:—Advanced Classes, 2l. and 4l.; Elementary Class, 20s.; Evening Class, 10s.

A Class also meets at Gore House, Kensington, Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays.

9. DISTRICT SCHOOLS OF ART, in connexion with the Department, are now established in the following places. Open every Evening (except Saturday) from 7 to 9:30. Entrance Fee, 2s. Admission, 2s. and 3s. per month. The instruction comprises Practical Geometry and Perspective, Free-hand and Mechanical Drawing, and Elementary Colour:—

1. Spitalfields, Crispin Street.

2. North London, High Street, Camden Town.

3. Finsbury, William Street, Wilmington Square.

4. Westminster, Mechanics' Institute, Great Smith Street.

5. St. Thomas, Charterhouse, Goswell Street.

6. Rotherhithe, Grammar School.

7. St. Martin's-in-the-Fields, Long Acre.

At 1. and 2. Schools there are Female Classes. Application for admission to be made at the Offices in each locality.

For farther information, apply at Marlborough House, Pall Mall.

HENRY COLE,

LYON PLAYFAIR,

Joint Secretaries.

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Notes.

LEGENDS AND SUPERSTITIONS RESPECTING BEES.

The Vicar of Morwenstow, among the beautiful poems to be found in his Echoes from Old Cornwall, has one entitled "A Legend of the Hive:" it commences—

"Behold those winged images!

Bound for their evening bowers;

They are the nation of the bees,

Born from the breath of flowers:

Strange people are they; a mystic race

In life, and food, and dwelling-place!"

As another poet has sung:

"His quidam signis, atque hæc exempla secuti,

Esse Apibus partem Divinæ mentis et haustus

Ætherios dixere."

Mr. Hawker's Legend is to this effect: A Cornish woman, one summer, finding her bees refused to leave their "cloistered home," and "ceased to play around the cottage flowers," concealed a portion of the Holy Eucharist which she obtained at church:

"She bore it to her distant home,

She laid it by the hive

To lure the wanderers forth to roam,

That so her store might thrive;—

'Twas a wild wish, a thought unblest,

Some evil legend of the West.

"But lo! at morning-tide a sign,

For wondering eyes to trace,

They found above that Bread, a shrine

Rear'd by the harmless race!

They brought their walls from bud and flower,

They built bright roof and beamy tower!

"Was it a dream? or did they hear

Float from those golden cells

A sound, as of some psaltery near,

Or soft and silvery bells?

A low sweet psalm, that griev'd within

In mournful memory of the sin!"

The following passage from Howell's Parley of Beasts, Lond. 1660, furnishes a similar legend of the piety of bees. Bee speaks:

"Know, Sir, that we have also a religion as well as so exact a government among us here; our hummings you speak of are as so many hymns to the Great God of Nature; and ther is a miraculous example in Cæsaries Cisterniensis, how som of the Holy Eucharist being let fall in a medow by a priest, as he was returning from visiting a sick body, a swarm of bees being hard by took It up, and in a solemn kind of procession carried It to their hive, and there erected an altar of the purest wax for It, where It was found in that form, and untouched."—P. 144.

It is remarkable that, in the Septuagint version of Prov. vi. 8., the bee is introduced after the ant, and reference is made to τὴν ἐργασὶαν ὡς σεμνὴν ποιεῖται: ἐργας. σεμ. St. Ambrose translates it operationem venerabilem; St. Jerome, opus castum; Castalio, augustum opus; Bochart prefers opus pretiosum, aut mirabile.[^[1]]

Pliny has much to say about bees. I shall give an extract or two in the Old English of Philemon Holland:

"Bees naturally are many times sick; and that do they shew most evidently: a man shall see it in them by their heavie looks and by their unlustines to their businesse: ye shall marke how some will bring forth others that be sicke and diseased into the warme sunne, and be readie to minister unto them and give them meat. Nay, ye shall have them to carie forth their dead, and to accompanie the corps full decently, as in a solemne funerall. If it chaunce that the king be dead of some pestilent maladie, the commons and subjects mourne, take thought, and grieve with heavie cheere and sad countenance: idle they be, and take no joy to do any thing: they gather in no provision: they march not forth: onely with a certain doleful humming they gather round about his corps, and will not away.

"Then requisite it is and necessarie to sever and part the multitude, and so to take away the bodie from them: otherwise they would keepe a looking at the breathlesse carcasse, and never go from it, but still mone and mourne without end. And even then also they had need be cherished and comforted with good victuals, otherwise they would pine away and die with hunger."—Lib. XI. cap. xviii.

"We bury our dead with great solemnity; at the king's death there is a generall mourning and fasting, with a cessation from labour, and we use to go about his body with a sad murmur for many daies. When we are sick we have attendants appointed us, and the symptoms when we be sick are infallible, according to the honest, plain poet:

"If bees be sick (for all that live must die),

That may be known by signes most certainly;

Their bodies are discoloured, and their face

Looks wan, which shows that death comes on apace.

They carry forth their dead, and do lament,

Hanging o' th' dore, or in their hives are pent.'"

Howell, p. 138.

Of bees especially the proverb holds good, that "Truth is stranger than fiction." The discoveries of Huber, Swammerdam, Reaumur, Latreille, Bonnet, and other moderns, read more like a fairy-tale than anything else, and yet the subject is far from being exhausted. At the same time modern naturalists have substantiated the accuracy of the ancients in many statements which were considered ridiculous fables. The ancients

anticipated us so far as even to have used glass hives, for the purpose of observing the wonderful proceedings of this winged nation. Bochart, quoting an old writer, says:

"Fecit illis Aristoteles Alveare Vitreum, ut introspiceret, qua ratione ad opus se accingerent. Sed abnuerunt quidquam operari, donec interiora vitri luto oblevisset."—Hierozoicon, Lond. 1663, folio, Part II. p. 514.

Eirionnach.

Footnote 1:[(return)]

The bee is praised for her pious labours in the offices of the Roman Church, "as the unconscious contributor of the substance of her paschal light." "Alitur enim liquantibus ceris, quas in substantiam pretiosæ hujus lampadis Mater Apia eduxit."—Office of Holy Saturday.

OXFORD JEU D'ESPRIT.

The following jeu d'esprit appeared at Oxford in 1819: printed, not published, but laid simultaneously on the tables of all the Common Rooms. No author's name was attached to it then, and therefore no attempt is now made to supply this deficiency by conjecture. Since the attention of the discerning public has lately been directed towards the University of Oxford, probably with the expectation of finding some faults in her system of education, it is possible that some of those who are engaged or interested in that inquiry may be amused and instructed by the good sense, humour, logic, and Latinity of this satire.

"ERUDITIS OXONIÆ AMANTIBUS SALUTEM.

"Acerrimis vestrûm omnium judiciis permittitur conspectus, sive syllabus, libri breviter edendi, et e Prelo Academico, si Diis, i. e. Delegatis, placet, prodituri: in quo multa dictu et notatu dignissima a tenebris et tineis vindicantur; multa ad hujusce loci instituta et disciplinam pertinentia agitantur; plurima quæ Academiæ famam et dignitatem spectant fuse admodum et libere tractantur et explicantur. Subjiciuntur operis illustrandi ergo capitum quorundam Argumenta,

'Ἐκ Διὸς ἀρχώμεσθα.'

1. Ælfredi magni somnium de Sociis omnibus Academicis ad Episcopatum promovendis:

'With suppliant smiles they bend the head,

While distant mitres to their eyes are spread.'

Byron.

Opus egregium perutile perjucundum ex membranis vetustissimis detritis tertium rescriptis, solertiâ plus quam Angelo-Maiana, nuperrime redintegratum.

2. Devorguillæ, Balliolensibus semper carissimæ, pudicitia laborans vindicatur.

3. Contra Kilnerum et Mertonenses disputatur, Pythagoram Cantabrigiæ nunquam docuisse:

'Δεδαιδαλμένοι ψευδέσι ποικίλοις

Ἐξαπατῶντι μῦθοι.'—Pind.

4. Wiccamici publicis examinationibus liberi, sibi et reipublicæ nocentes.

5. Magdalenenses semper ædificaturientes nihil agunt:

'Implentur veteris Bacchi.'—Virg.

6. Orielensibus, ingenio, ut ipsi aiunt, exundantibus, Aula B. M. V. malevole denegatur:

'Barbara Celarent Darii.'—Ars Logica.

7. De reditibus annuis Decani et Canonicorum Ædis Christi, sive de libris Canonicis.

8. Quæstiones duæ: An Alumni Ædis Christi jure fiant Canonici? An Alumni Ædis Christi re-verâ fiant Canonici?

9. Respondetur serenissimæ Archiducissæ de Oldenburg quærenti:

'What do the Fellows of All-Souls do?'

10. E Collegio Ænei Nasi legati Stamfordiam missi Nasum illum celeberrimum, Collegii ἐπώνυμος, solemni pompâ Oxoniam asportant.

11. Nummi ad ornandam faciem occidentalem Collegii Lincolniensis erogati unde comparati fuerint?

... 'Lucri bonus est odor ex re

Qualibet.'—Juv.

12. Note.—The original heading of this chapter was altered in a later edition, and therefore is not reprinted here.

13. Ex Societatibus cæteris ejectos Aula S. Albani pessimo exemplo ad se recipit:

'Facilis descensus Averni.'—Virg.

14. De Golgotha et de Golgothitis.

15. Prælectores an Prælectiones numero sint plures.

16. Viro venerabili S. T. P. R. prælegente pecunia a clientibus sordide admodum exigitur.

17. Magistri in Venerabili domo Convocationis necessario adsistentes more Attico τὸ τριώβολον recipere debent.

18. De Academicorum in Venerabili domo Convocationis sedentium podicibus igneo quodam vapore calefaciendis:

'Placetne vobis Magistri?'—ὁ ἀεὶ Vice-Can.

19. De viris clarissimis Bibliothecæ Bodleianæ Curatoribus.

'Scene II.—Enter Quince the Carpenter, Snug the Joiner, Bottom the Weaver, Flute the Bellows-mender, Snout the Tinker, and Starveling the Tailor.

Quince. Is all our company complete?'

Shakspeare.

20. De matulis in Bibliothecâ studentibus copiosius suppeditandis:

'Ἀμὶς γὰρ ἢν ὀυρητιάσῃς ἀυτὴ

Παρὰ σοὶ κρεμήσεται ἐγγὺς ἐπὶ τοῦ πάτταλου.'

Aristophanes.

21. De Bibliothecario et ejus adjutoribus.

'Captain. What are you about, Dick?

Dick. Nothing, Sir.

Captain. Thomas, what are you doing?

Thomas. Helping Dick, Sir.'

22. Examinantur Examinatores.

23. Cuinam eorum Doctoris Planissimi cognomen jure optimo concedendum sit.

24. De Dodd.

25. De Magistris Scholarum.

'Who made that wond'rous animal a Soph?'

Oxford Spy.

26. Baccalaurei ad Clepsydram determinantes.

'Nor stop, but rattle over every word,

No matter what, so it can not be heard.'

Byron.

27. De Vocum Great-go, Little-go, By-go, in concione quâdam nuperâ perperam felici usu.

'Ἔτι τὸ ἀυτὸ ὑποκορίζεσθαι· ἔστι δὲ ὑποκορισμὸς ὃς ἔλαττον ποῖει κ. τ. λ. ἐυλαβεῖσθαι δὲ δεῖ.'—Aristotle.

28. De statuà matronæ venerabilis τῆς Goose nuper defunctæ in medià Scholarum areà collocandà.

29. De statutorum nostrorum simplici perspicuitate.

'Ἀναρχαῖόν τε καὶ ἀτελενταῖον τὸ πᾶν.'

Ephraim Jenkins, apud the Vicar of Wakefield.

30. An Procuratorum pedissequi recte nominentur Bull-dogs?

31. De passere intra Templum B. Mariæ concionantibus obstrepente per statutum coercendo.

'Ὢ Ζεῦ βασιλεῦ τοῦ φθέγματος τοὐρνιθίου.'

32. Typographium Clarendonianum famæ Universitatis male consulit, dum Cornelium Nepotem et alios, id genus, libellos, in usum Scholarum imprimit.

'Fama malum.'—Virg.

'Quærenda pecunia primum.'—Horat.

33. De celeberrimà Matronà Knibbs ex Horatii mente deificanda.

'Divina tomacula porci.'

34. Exemplo viri clarissimi Joannis Gutch probatur mortales errori obnoxios esse.

35. Petitur ut memoria viri prosapià ingenio et moribus spectatissimi Gulielmi Stuart oratione annuà celebretur.

'Integer vitæ scelerisque purus.'—Hor.

'The merry poacher who defies his God.'

Oxford Spy.

36. Oxonià novo lumine vestità, gaudent Balænæ Atlanticæ, exulant meretrices, Procuratores otio enecantur.

'Ὣς ἐκτὸς ὦμεν τῆσδε τῆς ἀλαμπίας.'

'Jam redit et Virgo, redeunt Saturnia regna.'—Virg.

37. Probatur Bedellum Academicum vero et genuino sensu esse quartum Prædicabile; quippe qui comes adsit Vice-Cancellario omni soli et semper. Doctissimus tamen Higgenbrockius Differentiam potius esse putat, eujus hæc sunt verba:

'Bedellus est de Vice-Cancellarii Essentia,

Nec potest dispensari cum absentia:

Nam sicat forma dat Esse Rei,

Sic Esse dat Bedellus ei.'

Nec errat forsan vir clarissimus, si enim Collegii eujusvis Præfectum (genus) recte dividat Bedellus adstans (Differentia), fit illico Species optata.—Dominus Vice-Can.

38. Tutorum et Examinatorum Oxoniensium petitio Mediolanum transmissa, ut Auctorum deperditorum restitutor nequissimus Angelus Maius, iste malè feriatus, oculis et virilibus mulctetur.

39. Statuto quamprimum cautum sit, idque sub pœnis gravissimis, ne quis ad Universitatis privilegia admissus auctoris cujuspiam libros feliciter deperditos invenire audeat, inventos huc asportet, imprimat, imprimendos curet, denique impressos legat.

Hæc sunt et horum similia, Academici, quæ favore et Auspiciis vestris auctor sibi evolvenda destinat. Ei investigandi tædium, vobis delectatio, adsit, et honos et gloria. In quantam molem assurgat materies tam varia tam augusta non est in præsenti ut pro certo affirmetur. Spes est, ut omnia rite collecta, in ordinem breviter et ἐγκυκλοπαιδικὼς redacta, voluminibus, formà quam vocant 'Elephant-Quarto,' non plusquam triginta contineantur.

Omnes igitur qui famam aut Academiæ aut suam salvam velint, moras excutiant, Bibliopolam nostrum integerrimum præsto adeant, symbolas conferant, deut nomina, ut hanc saltem a nobis immortalitatem consequantur, alià fortasse carituri."

J. B. O.

Loughborough.

ANSAREYS IN MOUNT LEBANON.

In the romance of Trancred, Mr. D'Israeli mentions the Ansareys, one of the tribes of Lebanon, as worshipping the old heathen gods, Jupiter, Apollo, and Astarte, or Venus. A writer of fiction is certainly not expected to be bound to fact; but in such a matter as the present religion of an existing people, I feel doubtful whether to suppose this religion his own invention, or if he has any authority for it, and its connexion with pagan Antioch. A people to-day retaining the worship of the old gods of Greece and Syria, is a matter of great interest. I have looked into Volney's Travels in Syria and Egypt, and in some later writers, but none of them state the paganism of Tancred to be the religion of the Ansareys. It is, however, said to be a mystery, so not impossibly the account in Tancred may be the reality. In the same work, the Sheikhs of Sheikhs, and his tribe, the Beni-Rechab children of Rechab, are said to be Jews on horseback, inhabiting the desert, and resembling the wandering Arabs in their mode of life. This also is curious, if there be such a people; and some of your readers acquainted with the history and manners of Syria may give information on these matters. The other tribes of Lebanon are singular and equally interesting:—the Maronites, Christians of the Roman Catholic sect, who, however, allow their priests to marry; the Metualis, Mahomedans of the sect of Ali; and the Druses, whose religion is unknown, and, as Lamartine tells us, was entirely so to Lady Hester Stanhope, who lived years in the middle of them. Volney divides the Ansareys

in several sects, of whom one worshipped the sun, another a dog, and a third had an obscene worship, with such lewd nocturnal meetings as were fabled of the Yesedee.

F.

PRIMERS OF THE REIGN OF QUEEN ELIZABETH.

Little is known respecting the Primers of this reign, and yet several editions were published. My object will be to give some information on the subject, in the hope that more may be elicited from your correspondents.

There is an edition of the year 1559, 4to. Two copies only are known at present; one in the library at Christ Church, Oxford, and the other at Jesus College, Cambridge. It has been reprinted by the Parker Society. This Primer contains certain prayers for the dead, as they stand in that of Henry VIII., 1545. In short, with the exception of "An Order for Morning Prayer," with which it commences, this Primer follows the arrangement of that of 1545; some things, relative to saints, angels, and the Virgin Mary, having been excluded.

But I have in my possession another edition in 12mo. of this reign, of which I can trace no other copy. My book wants the title, and consequently I cannot ascertain its date. It was formerly in Gough's possession. I am inclined to think that it is earlier than the edition reprinted by the Parker Society.

Unlike the book of 1559, mine commences with the Catechism, but the subsequent arrangement is the same. The differences, when any exist, consist in a more literal following of the Primer of 1545. The Prayers for the Dead are retained as in the book of 1559. The Graces, also, are more numerous in my edition, and some of them are not found even in King Henry's book. One consists of an address, as from the master of the family, with an answer from the other members. In some respects this is similar to a form in King Edward's Primer, while in others it is altogether different. At the close of the Graces, the book of 1559 has the words "God save our Queen and Realm," while in my edition the reading is the same as in the book of 1545, "Lorde, save thy Churche, our Quene, and Realme," &c.

In "The Dirige" there is a very singular variation. In 1559 we find "Ego Dixi, Psalm Esaic xxxviii.;" in 1545 it is only "Esa. xxxviii.;" in that of 1546 the form is "Ego Dixi, Psal. Esa. xxxviii.;" and my edition has "Ego Dixi, Psal. xxxv.," being different from all the rest.

Some curious typographical errors are also found in my edition. In the Catechism the word king is substituted for queen. In the third petition in the Litany for the Queen, we have "That it may please thee to be hys defendour, and gevinge hym," &c.; yet in the previous clauses the pronoun is correctly used. It would seem that the printer had the Primer of 1545 or 1546 before him, and that in these cases he followed his copy without making the necessary alterations.

Such are the more remarkable differences between my edition and that of 1559.

There is a Primer of this reign in the Bodleian, quite different from mine and that of 1559. In this the Prayers for the Dead are expunged, and the character of the book is altogether dissimilar. Two copies of this book exist in the Bodleian, which have been usually regarded as different editions. From a careful examination, however, I have ascertained that they are the same edition. One copy has the title, with the date 1566 on the woodcut border; the other wants the title, but has the colophon, bearing the date 1575. The latter is the true date of the book, and the date on the title is merely that of some other book, for which the compartment had been used in 1566. Such variations are common with early books. I have several volumes bearing an earlier date on the title than in the colophon. Thus, the first edition of Sir Thomas Elyot's Castle of Health has 1534 on the title, and 1539 in the colophon. The latter was the true date. It may be remarked that the two books in the Bodleian of 1575 will together make up a perfect copy.

Some of your correspondents may be able to mention another copy of the edition which I possess. I am very anxious to discover another.

Thomas Lathbury.

Bristol.

Minor Notes.

Objective and Subjective.—I tried, a little while ago, to show in your pages that this antithesis, though not a good pair of terms, is intelligible, and justified by good English usage. But I must allow that the writers who use these terms, do all that is possible to put those who justify them in the wrong. In a French work at least, recently published, I find what appears to me a curious application of the corresponding words in that language. M. Auguste Comte, in the preface to the third volume of his Système de Politique Positive, speaks of some of his admirers who had by their "cotisations," or contributions, supported him while he was writing the work; and he particularly celebrates one of them, Mr. Wallace, an American, adding:

"Devenu jusqu'ici le principal de mes souscripteurs, Wallace a perpétué subjectivement son patronage objectif, en me leguant une annuité de cinq cent francs."

I must confess that the metaphysics according to which a sum paid by a living man is objectif, and a legacy subjectif, is beyond my depth.

While I write, as if writers of all kinds were resolved to join in perplexing the use of these unfortunate words, I read in a journal, "objective discussion in the sense of hostile or adverse discussion, discussion which proposed objections." I think this is hard upon the word, and unfair usage of it.

W.

Lucy Walters, the Duke of Monmouth's Mother.—The death of this unfortunate woman is usually stated to have taken place at Paris. The date is not given, and the authority cited is John Evelyn. But Evelyn's words have been misunderstood. He says, speaking of the Duke of Monmouth's execution:

"His mother, whose name was Barlow, daughter of some very mean creatures, was a beautiful strumpet, whom I had often seen at Paris; she died miserably, without anything to bury her."—Diary, July 15, 1685.

This passage surely does not imply that she died at Paris? In the Parish Registers of Hammersmith is the following entry:

"1683, June 5, Lucy Walters bur."

which I am fully persuaded records the death of one of King Charles's quondam mistresses.

Edward F. Rimbault.

General Haynau's Corpse.—A most extraordinary account has reached us in a private letter from Vienna to a high personage here, and has been the talk of our salons for the last few days. It appears that the circumstance of the death of General Haynau presented a phenomenon of the most awful kind on record. For many days after death the warmth of life yet lingered in the right arm and left leg of the corpse, which remained limpid and moist, even bleeding slightly when pricked. No delusion, notwithstanding, could be maintained as to the reality of death, for the other parts of the body were completely mortified, and interment became necessary before the two limbs above mentioned had become either stiff or cold. The writer of the letter mentioned that this strange circumstance has produced the greatest awe in the minds of those who witnessed it, and that the emperor had been so impressed with it, that his physicians had forbidden the subject to be alluded to in his presence. Query, Can the above singular statement be verified? It was copied from a French paper, immediately after the decease of General Haynau was known in Paris.

W. W.

Malta.

"Isolated."—This word was not in use at the commencement of the eighteenth century, as is evident from the following expression of Lord Bolingbroke's:

"The events we are witnesses of in the course of the longest life appear to us very often original, unprepared, single, and unrelative; if I may use such a word for want of a better in English. In French, I would say isolés."

The only author quoted by Richardson is Stewart.

R. Cary Barnard.

Malta.

Office of Sexton held by One Family.—The following obituary, copied from the Derbyshire Advertiser of Jan. 27, 1854, contains so extraordinary an account of the holding of the office of sexton by one family, that it may interest some of your readers, and may be difficult to be surpassed.

"On Jan. 23, 1854, aged eighty-six, Mr. Peter Bramwell, sexton of the parish church of Chapel-en-le-Frith. The deceased served the office of sexton forty-three years; Peter Bramwell, his father, fifty years; George Bramwell, his grandfather, thirty-eight years; George Bramwell, his great-grandfather, forty years; Peter Bramwell, his great-great-grandfather, fifty-two years: total 223 years."

S. G. C.

Sententious Despatches (Vol. viii., p. 490.; Vol. ix., p. 20.).—In addition to the sententious dispatches referred to above, please note the following. It was sent to the Emperor Nicholas by one of his generals, and is a very good specimen of Russian double entendres:

"Voliā Vāschā, ā Varschāvoo vsiat nemogoo."

"Volia is your's, but Warsaw I cannot take."

Also,—

"Your will is all-powerful, but Warsaw I cannot take."

J. S. A.

Old Broad Street.

Reprints suggested.—As you have opened a list of suggested reprints in the pages of "N. & Q.," may I be allowed to remark that some of Peter Heylin's works would be well worth reprinting.

There is a work of which few know the value, but yet a work of the greatest importance, I mean Dr. O'Connor's Letters of Columbanus. A carefully edited and well annotated edition of this scarce work would prove of greater value than any reprint I can think of.

Mariconda.

Queries.

PICTURES FROM LORD VANE'S COLLECTION.

My family became possessed of six fine portraits at the death of Lord Vane, husband to that lady of unenviable notoriety, a sketch of whose life (presented by her own hand to the author) is inserted, under the title "Adventures of a Lady of Quality," in Peregrine Pickle. I quote from my

relation who knew the facts.[^[2]] Lord Vane was the last of his race, and died at Fairlawn, Kent, probably about the latter half of the last century.[^[3]] The successor to his fortune selected a few pictures, and left the remaining, of which mine formed a part, to his principal agent. Amateurs say they are by Sir Peter Lely: a fact I should be glad to establish. I have searched Windsor Castle, Hampton Court, and Knowle Park collections in vain for duplicates.

No. 1. is a young man in what appears to be a court dress, exhibiting armour beneath the folds of the drapery. Point lace neck-tie. 2. Do., in brocaded silk and fringed dress. Point lace neck-tie and ruffles. A spaniel introduced, climbing up his knee. 3. A youth sitting under a tree, with pet lamb. Point lace neck-tie and ruffles, but of simple dress. 4. A lady in flowing drapery. Pearls in her hair and round her neck, sitting under a tree. An orange blossom in her hand. 5. A lady seated in an apartment with marble columns. Costume similar to No. 4, minus the pearls in the hair. A kind of wreath in her hand. 6. A lady in simple, flowing drapery, without jewellery, save a broach or clasp on her left shoulder; holding a flower in her right hand. In all, the background is very dark, but trees and buildings can be traced through the gloom. The hands are models, and beautifully painted. Size of pictures, divested of their carved and gilt frames, four feet two inches by three feet four inches. If any of your readers can, from this description, give me any clue to the name of the artist, it will greatly oblige and be duly appreciated by an elderly spinster.

S. D.

Footnote 2:[(return)]

[A correspondent in the Gentleman's Magazine for May, 1789, p. 403., who was intimately acquainted with Lord and Lady Vane, states that "though Dr. Smollet was as willing as he was able to embellish his works with stories marvellous, yet he did not dress up Lady Vane's story of her Lord. She wrote it as well as she could herself, and Dr. Shebbeare put it in its present form at her ladyship's request."

Lord Vane died April 5, 1789, at his house in Downing Street, Westminster. He was great-grandson of that inflexible republican, Sir Henry Vane, executed on Tower Hill, June 14, 1662.—Ed.]

BURIAL-PLACE OF THURSTAN, ARCHBISHOP OF YORK.

The church of All Saints, in Pontefract, county York, was some years ago partly restored for divine worship; and during the progress of the works, a broken slab was discovered in the chancel part of the church, upon which was cut an archiepiscopal cross, extending from the top apparently to the bottom. On the upper part of the stone, and on each side of the cross, was a circle or ring cut down the middle by a dagger; and bearing on the circle the following inscription in Old English characters:

In the middle of the stone, and on each side of the cross, also appear a shield emblazoned with a rabbit or coney sejant.[^[4]]

Beneath this part appears the commencement of the inscription, which seems to have run across the surface of the stone, "Orate pro anim...." Here the stone is broken across, and the lower part not found.

Can any of your numerous readers inform me if this stone could possibly be the tombstone of Thurstan, Archbishop of York? It is said that he resigned the see of York after holding it twenty-six years:

"Being old and sickly, he would have been made a monk of Pontefract, but he had scarcely put off his pontifical robes, and put on his monk's dress, when death came upon him and made him assume his grave-clothes; for he survived but eleven days after his resignation, dying Feb. 5, 1140."

Thurstan is stated to have been buried in the Monastery; but may he not have been buried in the church of All Saints, which was the conventual church of the Priory of St. John the Evangelist, and was situated adjoining the Grange, the site of the Priory? In the bull of Pope Celestine, "right of burial in this church was granted to the monks, saving the privileges of neighbouring churches." (Ch. de Pontif. fol. 8. a.)

George Fox.

Footnote 4:[(return)]

In "N. & Q.," Vol. ix., p. 19., I find, under the head of "Wylcotes Brass," an answer to the inscription "In . on . is . all;" and as the inscription on the tombstone discovered in All Saints, Pontefract, was very legibly written "In God is all," may not one family be a branch of the other? Can you say where the quotation is from?

Minor Queries.

Admiral Hopson.—In Tomkins' History of the Isle of Wight (1796), vol. ii. p. 123., an anecdote is told of a native of Bonchurch named Hobson, who afterwards became Admiral Hobson. It is mentioned that he was an orphan, bound apprentice to a tailor; and that being struck with the sight of a squadron of ships off the Isle of Wight, he rowed off in a boat to them, and was received on the admiral's ship; that the next day, in an engagement with the French, when his ship was engaged yard-arm and yard-arm with the enemy, he climbed up the mast, clambered to the enemy's yard-arm, mounted to the top-gallant mast, and took down the flag. This created consternation in the enemy, who were soon defeated. Hobson was

promoted to be an officer, and ultimately became an admiral.

This is the story as told by Tomkins. I wish to know what was his authority.

Consulting Chernoch's Lives of the Admirals, I find mention of Admiral Sir Thomas Hopson, a native of Bonchurch; who ran away from his parents, and did not return to his home till he was an admiral. This Sir Thos. Hopson was made second lieutenant in 1672, the year of the action in Solbay, in which the Earl of Sandwich perished. He rose to the rank of Vice-Admiral of the Red; and in the action of Vigo, in 1702, he distinguished himself, and was knighted in consequence. He received a pension of 500l. a year, and retired from the service in this year. He died in 1717. After he quitted the navy, he became Member of Parliament for Newtown, in the Isle of Wight.

It is evident that this Hopson is the Hobson of Tomkins; and that Tomkins spoke of the French by mistake for the Dutch enemy. But I cannot discover what authority he had for his account of the manner in which young Hobson first distinguished himself.

G. Currey.

Charterhouse.

"Three cats sat," &c.—Can any of your correspondents give me the end of a ballad, beginning thus, which a very old lady in her ninetieth year is most anxious to know?—

"Three cats sat by the fire-side,

With a basket full of coal dust,

Coal dust, coal dust,

With a basket full of coal dust."

Julia R. Bockett.

Southcote Lodge.

Herbert's "Church Porch."—Will any of your readers help me to the sense of the following stanza from George Herbert's Church Porch, verse 48:

"If thou be single, all thy good and ground

Submit to love; but yet not more than all.

Give one estate, as one life. None is bound

To work for two, who brought himself to thrall.

God made me one man; love makes me no more

Till labour come, and make my weakness score."

The lines of which I want the meaning are the last three.

S. Singleton.

Greenwich.

Ancient Tenure of Lands.—I should feel obliged to any of your readers who would inform me as to the ancient tenure by which estates were held in this country. For instance, a manor, including within its limits several hamlets, is held by A, who grants by subinfeudation one of the said hamlets to B; B dies, leaving a son and successor, who continues in possession of the hamlet, and grants leases, &c., and thus for several generations. My question is, did A, in granting to B, relinquish all interest in the hamlet, or how much did he still retain, since in after years the hamlet is found to have reverted to him, and no allusion is afterwards made to the subinfeudatory lords who possessed it for some generations? It is presumed that in early times lords of a manor were owners of the lands of the manor of which they were lords; at present an empty title is all that remains. When did the practice of alienating lands by a piecemeal partition and sale commence? and did a subinfeudatory lord possess the power of alienation? In fact, what is the origin of the numerous small freeholds into which our ancient manors are broken up?

J. B.

Dramatic Works.—Dramatic and Poetical Works, very rare, privately printed, 1840. Information relative to this work will oblige

John Martin.

Woburn Abbey.

Devreux Bowly.—An old and excellent hall clock in this city bears the name of Devreux Bowly, of Lombard Street, London, as the maker. Can any of the readers of "N. & Q." (either horologists or others) say when he lived?

Uneda.

Philadelphia.

"Corruptio optimi," &c.—What is the origin or earliest use of the saying, "Corruptio optimi est, al. fit, pessima," in its present form? I state it in this way, because I am aware of its having been referred to Aristotle's remarks on the different forms of government. The old Latin translation however, does not contain the expression, and I have not traced it farther back than to writers of the seventeenth century,—to Jeremy Taylor, for instance.

E. M.

Hastings.

Lamenther.—Who was the writer of the Life of Lamenther, written by herself, published by subscription in 1771? Is it a genuine narrative; and if so, where can I find a key to the initials?