VOL. I. APRIL, 1847. NO. 2.
THE
NEW ENGLAND
Historical & Genealogical Register:

Coolidge & Wiley Printers, 12 Water Street.

[CONTENTS.]

N. Emmons Pinx^t.

O. Pelton.

The Hon^ble Samuel Sewall Esq^ir.

Late Chief Justice of His Maj^'s Province of Massachusetts Bay in N.E. And Judge of Probate for the County of Suffolk.

Æ. 77. 1728.

Auris, mens, oculus, manus, os, pes; munere fungi, dum Pergunt Praestat discere velle mori.

NEW ENGLAND

HISTORICAL AND GENEALOGICAL REGISTER.

VOL. I. APRIL, 1847. NO. 2.

[MEMOIR OF HON. SAMUEL SEWALL,]

CHIEF-JUSTICE OF THE PROVINCE OF MASSACHUSETTS BAY.

Samuel Sewall, son of Henry and Jane Sewall, was born at Bishop Stoke, in Hampshire, England, March 28, 1652. The family to which he belonged was ancient and respectable. His great-grandfather was a linen-draper of the city of Coventry, "a prudent man, who acquired a great estate," and was more "than once chosen mayor of the city." His grandfather, Henry Sewall, born in 1576, came to New England, lived in Newbury and Rowley, Ms., and died about 1655. Samuel, the subject of this memoir, was taught to read at Baddesly; and was afterwards sent to a grammar-school at Rumsey, of which a Mr. Figes was master. In 1661, he came to New England with his mother, his father having removed here previously. He was immediately put under the instruction of Rev. Thomas Parker of Newbury, with whom he continued six years, till his entrance into Harvard College, in 1667. His first degree he received under President Chauncy, in 1671.

It was his original intention to enter the Christian ministry; and with a view to it, he studied divinity, commenced preaching, and received encouragement to go to Woodbridge, N. J., and settle as a minister among that people, who went from Newbury, where his father lived. But his thoughts were probably diverted from the sacred profession by his marriage connection, in consequence of which he came into possession of great wealth, and the means of influence and usefulness in public life. He was married, Feb. 28, 1676, by Gov. Bradstreet, to Hannah Hull, daughter and sole heir of John Hull, Esq., a goldsmith and highly respectable merchant in Boston, master of the mint for many years, and one of the Assistants in 1683, the year in which he died.

Mr. Sewall was chosen one of the Assistants in 1684, '5, and '6, when the Colony charter was annulled, and the ancient government was superseded by a President and Council. In 1688, during the oppressive administration of Sir Edmund Andros, when the titles of many to their lands, and of his among others, were questioned and in danger of being forfeited, he made a voyage to England. But on his return, in 1689, Sir Edmund having withdrawn from the country, and the old Charter government having been revived, he resumed his seat at the Board of Assistants. In the Provincial charter, granted in 1692, he was nominated to be of the Council; and afterwards, without interruption, was annually chosen and sat at the Board until 1725, when being elected, he declined serving; having survived more than seven years all who were appointed with him to that office in the charter.

As one of the Assistants under the Colonial charter, Mr. Sewall was also ex officio a Judge of the Supreme Court. Soon after the arrival of the Provincial charter in May, 1692, but before any courts of justice had been established and organized under it, he was appointed one of the Judges of a Special Court of Oyer and Terminer for the trial of persons charged with witchcraft, William Stoughton, Esq., being Chief-Justice. It is well known, that at that time there was a general persuasion, not only in New England, but in the mother country, and throughout Europe, of the reality of those impious compacts with Satan, into which persons guilty of witchcraft were supposed to have entered, and of that diabolical power or influence, by which they were believed to act.[A] This court especially was under the delusion; and consequently nineteen persons of the many who were indicted and arraigned before it at Salem for this crime, were, at different times, tried, condemned, and, in pursuance of its sentence, executed. In this unhappy affair, the Judges proceeded with great caution, asking advice of some of the wisest and best men in the community, and having the countenance of rulers, ministers, and in general of all classes of men. But the delusion was soon made manifest. Judge Sewall in particular was convinced of his error, in the part which he had taken in the court of trials; and often discovered deep regret and humiliation on account of it. He notes particularly in his Journal of Dec. 24, 1696, on occasion of his son Samuel's reciting to him in Latin a portion of Matthew xii, "the 7th verse did awfully bring to mind the Salem Tragedie." And at a public Fast, Jan. 14, 1697, in the order for which there was some reference to the doings of that court of Oyer and Terminer, and when he was under much affliction on account of the death of an infant daughter and other troubles and crosses, he presented to Rev. Samuel Willard, his minister, a "bill," which was read in the worshipping assembly; (he standing up while Mr. Willard read it, and bowing in token of assent when he had done;) in which, while with much delicacy he appears to have studiously avoided saying any thing that might seem to implicate the other judges, he acknowledged his own guilt in the decisions of that court, asked the pardon of it both of God and man, and deprecated the Divine judgments on account of his sin or the sin of any other person, upon himself, his family, or the land.

But though he thus condemned himself for the part he had acted in the trials at Salem, yet the public confidence did not appear to have been shaken, either in him or the other Judges. For on the first appointment of Judges of the Superior Court, under the Provincial charter, Dec. 6, 1692, Mr. Sewall was chosen one. The others were William Stoughton, Chief-Justice, Thomas Danforth, John Richards, and Wait-Still Winthrop, each of whom, excepting Mr. Danforth, had been members of the Court of Oyer and Terminer. April 16, 1718, he was appointed to succeed Wait-Still Winthrop as Chief-Justice of the Superior Court. And although from various causes there were numerous changes in this court in his day, yet he still retained his seat on the bench until 1728; when, in consequence of his advanced years and increasing infirmities, he resigned it; having survived more than ten years all those who had been members of that court from the beginning, and having officiated in this capacity under the Colonial and Provincial governments upwards of forty years. At the same time, he also resigned his office of Judge of Probate for the county of Suffolk, to which he had been appointed by Lieut. Gov. Tailer, in 1715.

Chief-Justice Sewall was a man of distinguished piety. He feared God from his youth, and apparently made it the main end of his life to glorify the God of his fathers, by walking humbly and unblamably before him. He was eminently a devout man; constant and exemplary in his attendance on the worship of God, both in his family, and in the public assembly. He was a most diligent hearer of the preaching of the gospel. This is proved by his numerous manuscript volumes which still remain, containing the texts and general outlines of sermons and lectures, which he heard both at home and abroad. He would often devote a whole day to fasting, reading the scriptures, and communion with God in secret. On such occasions, he would be abundant in prayer not only for himself, family, and near connections, but would also frequently pour out his enlarged desires in copious intercessions, (minutely enumerated in many instances in his Journal,) on behalf of the college; the civil and religious interests of the town, province, and land in which he dwelt; the aboriginal inhabitants and African slaves; the destruction of papal tyranny, superstition, and usurpation; the universal extension and establishment of Christ's kingdom.

He was a diligent student of the Scriptures, reading them in their inspired originals; and was prayerfully solicitous not only to receive and obey their instructions, but also, that the faith, worship, and practice of the whole church of God should be in exact conformity with them. The prophetic portions of the sacred volume he read with an inquisitive mind, and held some opinions respecting the events predicted in them, which would be considered singular at the present day. Upon these and kindred topics, he took a deep interest in conversing and corresponding with the Boston clergy generally, and with such men abroad as the Rev. Messrs. Higginson and Noyes of Salem, Wise of Ipswich, Torrey of Weymouth, Walter of Roxbury, and Stoddard of Northampton; President Wadsworth of Harvard College, and Rector Williams of Yale College; Gov. Saltonstall of Connecticut and Gov. Burnet of New York, afterwards of Massachusetts; with most of whom, remnants of his correspondence on these subjects are still in existence. In 1697 he published a work which he dedicated to Sir William Ashurst and Lieut. Gov. Stoughton, called "Phænomena Quædam Apocalyptica," of which there was a second edition in 1727; and in 1713 another work styled "Proposals touching the Accomplishment of Prophecies." Both of these productions of his pen were apparently much read in his time, though they have now become obsolete.

Judge Sewall was warmly attached to that system of faith, and to those forms of worship and government in the church, which were embraced and practised by the Puritan settlers of New England. Occasionally he employed his pen in their illustration and defence. And he was strongly opposed to any innovations in doctrine, as well as jealous of any ceremonies or usages in divine service, that savored of human invention. Still he abhorred persecution, and exercised candor towards those who differed from him in their modes of worship or discipline.

He possessed an ardent desire for the universal spread and obedient reception of the gospel among mankind. He became particularly interested in the spiritual condition of the aboriginal natives, whom he believed, with the apostle Eliot, to be descendants of the ten captive tribes of Israel. To encourage the praying Indians at Natick, he occasionally met with them in their worship, and frequently gave them pecuniary assistance. To those at Sandwich, he contributed largely for building a meeting-house. And from Mather's Magnalia it would seem, that for some Indian congregation he erected a house of worship entirely at his own expense. Hence those Indians "prayed for him under this character, 'He loveth our nation for he hath built us a synagogue.'"

His zeal on behalf of the Indian natives being known, he was chosen in 1699 one of the Commissioners of the Society in England for the Propagation of the Gospel in New England and parts adjacent; and shortly after, their Secretary and Treasurer.

His sympathy for the enslaved Africans was very great. In 1700 he published a tract, entitled "The Selling of Joseph," in which he advocated their rights. In writing to Judge Addington Davenport, just before he sat on the trial of Samuel Smith of Sandwich, for killing his negro, he uses the following language: "The poorest boys and girls in this Province, such as are of the lowest condition, whether they be English, or Indians, or Ethiopians; they have the same right to religion and life, that the richest heirs have. And they who go about to deprive them of this right attempt the bombarding of Heaven; and the shells they throw will fall down on their own heads."

John Saffin, a judge of the same court with Judge Sewall, and a slave-holder, printed an answer to "The Selling of Joseph," to which Judge Sewall alludes in a letter to Rev. John Higginson of Salem, then the oldest minister in the Province, and one of the most venerated men in New England. The letter is dated April 13, 1706, and the allusion is, "Amidst the frowns and hard words I have met with for this undertaking, it is no small refreshment to me, that I have the learned, reverend and aged Mr. Higginson for my abettor. By the interposition of this breast work, I hope to carry on and manage this enterprise with safety and success." In a letter to Henry Newman at London, afterwards agent for the Province of New Hampshire, which accompanied a copy of "The Selling of Joseph," he desires him to do something "towards taking away this wicked practice of Slavery," expressing the opinion that there would "be no progress in gospelling" until slavery was abolished.

Judge Sewall was a proficient in classical learning, and a friend of learning and learned men. Such was the confidence in his wisdom and discernment by the founders and Trustees of Yale College, that he was employed by them in 1701, together with Hon. Isaac Addington, to draw up statutes for the regulation of their infant seminary. And of Harvard College, of which he was sometimes a Resident Fellow, and afterwards, as a member of the Council, one of the Board of Overseers for many years, he was a warm and steady friend and liberal benefactor.

In his judicial capacity, he was a person of distinguished integrity and uprightness; administering the laws of the land with justice and impartiality, mingled with clemency; a terror to evil doers, and a praise to such as did well.

He was also a person of eminent humility and meekness, benevolence and charity. His house was a seat of hospitality, ever open to all good men. The learned found him an intelligent companion; the ministers of the gospel a liberal patron and friend. He visited the fatherless and widow in their affliction, and gave much alms to the needy, especially to indigent ministers or their bereaved families. He distributed in the course of the last year of his life four hundred copies of such publications as Mitchel on the Glory of Heaven, Walter on the Holiness of Heaven, Lee's Triumph of Mercy, Mather's Mighty Saviour, Mather's Glory of Christ, Higginson's Legacy of Peace, Loring on the New Birth, The Strait Gate, Faith and Fervency in Prayer, Gibbs's Sermon to Little Children, as is particularly noted in his Almanac for that year. His last illness was of about a month's continuance. He died in a triumphant hope of immortal life and glory, on the morning of Jan. 1, 1729-30, in the seventy-eighth year of his age.

Judge Sewall was thrice married; 1. to Hannah Hull, daughter of Hon. John Hull; 2. to widow Abigail Tilley; and 3. to widow Mary Gibbs, who survived him. He had children by his first wife only; namely, seven sons and seven daughters. Of these fourteen children only six lived to mature age, and only three survived him. We purposely omit in this article a further account of the family, as we intend to give in some future No. of this work, a full Genealogical Memoir of the Sewall Family.

Judge Sewall left numerous volumes of manuscripts, indicative of his industry and attentive observation. Among them, beside several small volumes of a miscellaneous character, are,

1. A Journal of occurrences, &c., from Dec., 1673, to July, 1677. This was destroyed by a fire at Boston, in 1824; but a copy of it had been previously taken, which yet remains.

2. Three volumes of Journals, from Feb., 1684-5, to Oct., 1729, within three months of his death. Also, a small volume, being a Journal of his voyage to England, &c., in 1688.

3. A Letter Book, containing copies of his letters to his correspondents, and in some instances, of theirs to him; from Feb., 1685-6, to Sept., 1729.

4. A Common Place Book in quarto, containing extracts from authors in English and Latin on various subjects which he had read.

5. Five volumes in 12mo, containing sketches of sermons and lectures, which he heard at home and abroad.

For most of the above facts, we are indebted to the Rev. Samuel Sewall of Burlington, and the late John Farmer, Esq., of Concord, N. H.

FOOTNOTES:

[A] Lord Chief-Justice Hale was of this persuasion, and pronounced sentence of death upon persons supposed to be in league with Satan. A belief in witchcraft so prevailed in England as to hold in bondage the best of men. Proof of this is found in the 72nd canon made by the clerical convocation in 1603, and in the laws enacted against the crime itself. Isaac Ambrose, in his Treatise on the New Birth, directs persons seeking salvation to inquire, while searching out their sins, whether they have not sometimes been guilty of witchcraft. The fact of witchcraft was admitted by Lord Bacon and Mr. Addison. Dr. Johnson more than inclined to the same side of the question; and Sir William Blackstone quite frowns on opposers of this doctrine. These facts are mentioned not to justify Mr. Sewall and his associates on the bench; but to show the injustice of selecting them as peculiarly guilty. The severe charges which have been brought against the people of Salem, Gov. Winthrop, Dr. Cotton Mather, and others of this country, lie equally against the most learned, pious, and eminent of mankind. This belief was the mania of the day.

[LETTER OF THE FIRST CHIEF-JUSTICE SEWALL TO HIS SON, SAMUEL SEWALL, ESQ., OF BROOKLINE, GIVING AN ACCOUNT OF HIS FAMILY.]

Boston, April 21, 1720.

Dear Son,

You have often desired, that I would give you some account of the family of which you are. And altho' I am much less ab'e to doe any thing of this nature now when I have been left of my dear Parents very near Twenty years, yet considering the longer I stay, the more unfit I shall be, take what I have to say as follows;

Mr. Henry Sewall, my great Grandfather, was a Linen Draper in the City of Coventry in Great Britain. He acquired a great Estate, was a prudent Man, and was more than once chosen Mayor of the City.

Mr. Henry Sewall, my Grandfather, was his eldest Son, who out of dislike to the English Hierarchy sent over his only Son, my Father, Mr. Henry Sewall, to New England in the year 1634, with Net Cattel and Provisions sutable for a new Plantation. Mr. Cotton would have had my Father settle at Boston; but in regard of his Cattel he chose to goe to Newbury, whither my Grandfather soon followed him. Where also my Grandfather Mr. Stephen Dummer and Alice his wife likewise dwelled under the Ministry of the Reverend Mr. Thomas Parker and Mr. James Noyes.

On the 25th March, 1646, Richard Saltonstall, Esq. Grandfather of Gurdon Saltonstall, Esq. now Governour of Connecticut, joined together in Marriage my father Mr. Henry Sewall, and my Mother Mrs. Jane Dummer, eldest Child of Mr. Stephen Dummer aforesaid, and Alice his wife: my Father being then about 32, and my Mother about 19 years of age.

But the Climat being not agreeable to my Grandfather and Grandmother Dummer, (whose Maiden name was Archer) they returned to England the Winter following, and my Father with them, and dwelt awhile at Warwick, and afterwards removed to Hampshire. My Sister Hannah Tappin, their eldest Child, was born at Tunworth May 10th, 1649. Baptised by Mr. Haskins. I was born at Bishop Stoke, March 28, 1652; so that the light of the Lord's Day was the first light that my Eyes saw, being born a little before day-break. I was baptised by Mr. Rashly, (sometime Member of the Old Church in Boston) in Stoke Church May 4th. 1652. Mr. Rashly first preached a Sermon, and then baptised me. After which an entertainment was made for him and many more. Some months after, my Father removed to Badesly, where my Brother John Sewall was born Oct. 10, 1654, and was baptised in my Father's House Nov. 22 by Mr. Henry Cox, Minister of Bishop Stoke. My brother Stephen Sewall was born at Badesly Aug. 19th, 1657, baptised in my father's house by the said Mr. Cox. * * * * * My Father had made one Voyage to New England to visit my Grandfather Mr. Henry Sewall. And in the year 1659, he went thither again; his rents at Newbury coming to very little when remitted to England. In my father's absence, October 25, 1659, my Sister Jane Gerrish was born at Badesly and was baptised by Mr. Cox at Bishop Stoke in the house of Mr. Boys.

At this Badesly, by the merciful goodness of God, I was taught to read English. And afterwards was educated in the Grammar School at Rumsey of which Mr. Figes was Master.

My Father sent for my Mother to come to him to New England. I remember being at Bishop Stoke and Badesly, April 23, 1661, the day of the Coronation of K Charles the 2d, the Thunder and Lightening of it. Quickly after my Mother went to Winchester with 5 small Children, Hannah, Samuel, John, Stephen and Jane; and John Nash and Mary Hobs her Servants; there to be in a readiness for the Pool Waggons. At this place her near Relations, especially my very worthy and pious Uncle Mr. Stephen Dummer took leave with Tears. Capt. Dummer of Swathling treated us with Raisins and Almonds. My Mother lodged in Pump-yard London, waiting for the going of the Ship, the prudent Mary, Capt. Isaac Woodgreen Commander. Went by water to Graves-End where the Ship lay. Took in Sheep at Dover. Passengers in the Ship at the same time were Major Brown, a young brisk Merchant, and a considerable Freighter, Mr. Gilbert and his wife, He was Minister at Topsfield; Madam Bradstreet [then Gardener] Mrs. Martha, Mr. Pitkins Sister, who died lately at Windsor, and many others. We were about eight weeks at Sea, where we had nothing to see but Water and the Sky; so that I began to fear I should never get to Shoar again; only I thought the Capt. and Mariners would not have ventured themselves if they had not hopes of getting to Land again. Capt. Woodgreen arrived here on Satterday. I was overjoyed to see Land again, especially being so near it as in the Narrows. 'Twas so late by that time we got to the Castle, that our men held a discourse with them whether they should fire or no, and reckoned 'twas agreed not to doe it. But presently after the Castle fired; which much displeased the Ship's Company; and then they fired. On the Lord's day my Mother kept aboard; but I went ashoar, the Boat grounded, and I was carried out in arms July 6, 1661. My Mother lodg'd at Mr. Richard Collicott's. This week there was a publick Thanksgiving. My Father hastened to Boston and carried his Family to Newbury by Water in Mr. Lewis * * * Brother Tapan has told me our arrival there was upon Lecture-day which was Wednesday. Mr. Ordway carried me ashore in his Canoe. We sojourned at Mr. Titcomb's. My Father presently sent me to school to the Reverend and Excellent Mr. Thomas Parker, with whom I continued till my entrance into the College; being admitted by the very learned and pious Mr. Charles Chauncey.

Sept. 3. 1662 Mother was brought to bed of Sister Anne, Mr. Joshua Moodey the Minister's Mother being her Midwife. Baptised by Mr. Parker.

May 8. 1665 Sister Mehetabel was born: Baptised by Mr. Parker. She became wife to the midwife's Grandson Mr. William Moodey. Dorothy Sewall (now Northend) was born Oct. 29. 1668. Baptised by Mr. Parker.

At this time the commencement was in August. In the year 1667 my father brought me to be admitted, by which means I heard Mr. Richard Mather of Dorchester preach Mr. Wilson's Funeral Sermon. "Your Fathers where are they?" I was admitted by the very learned and pious Mr. Charles Chauncey, who gave me my first Degree in the year 1671. There were no Masters in that year. These Bachelours were the last Mr. Chauncey gave a degree to, for he died the February following.

In July 1672, Dr. Hoar came over with his Lady and sojourned with your Grandfather Hull. He (Dr. Hoar) was my Aunt Quincey's Brother, and preached as an assistant, to the Rev. Mr Thomas Thacher at the South Church. The College quickly called him to be President. He was installed in the College Hall in December 1672. Gov. Bellingham lay dead in his House, and Dep. Gov. Leverett was the Chief Civil Magistrat present at that Solemnity. The March following Mrs. Bridget Hoar, now Cotton, was born in Cambridge. In 1674 I took my 2d Degree, and Mrs. Hannah Hull, my dear Wife, your honoured Mother, was invited by the Dr. and his Lady to be with them a while at Cambridge. She saw me when I took my Degree and set her affection on me, tho' I knew nothing of it till after our Marriage; which was February 28th. 1675-6. Gov. Bradstreet married us in that we call the Old Hall; 'twas then all in one, a very large Room. As I remember, Madam Thacher and Madam Paige, with whom Gov. Bradstreet boarded, visited us the next day.

On the 2d of April, 1677, it pleased God to favour us with the birth of your brother John Sewall, our first-born. In June 1678 you were born. Your brother lived till the September following, and then died. So that by the undeserved Goodness of God your Mother and I never were without a child after the 2d of April 1677.

In the Fall 1678, I was seized with the Small Pocks and brought very near to death; so near that I was reported to be dead. But it pleased GOD of his Mercy to Recover me. Multitudes died, two of my special Friends; viz. Mr. John Noyes, and Ensign Benjamin Thirston, who both died while I lay sick: and Mr. William Dummer, Son of Jeremiah Dummer Esq., aged about 19 years. Presently after my Recovery, in December, Col. Townsend and I were bearers to Mr. Joseph Tappin, one of the most noted Shop-keepers in Boston.

And now what shall I render to the Lord for all his benefits? The good Lord help me to walk humbly and Thankfully with Him all my days; and profit by Mercies and by Afflictions; that through Faith and Patience I may also in due time fully inherit the Promises. Let us incessantly pray for each other, that it may be so!

Samuel Sewall.

Augt. 26, 1720.

[Postscript to the above letter, by the son of the writer, Samuel Sewall, Esq., of Brookline, to whom the letter was addressed.

"June 30th, 1729, Rec^d the following acc^o of my Hon^d Father: viz. my Great Grandfather Sewall lived at Newbury at Old Town Green where the first Meeting House stood; and upon the Removal of the Meeting House where it now stands (being Mr. Tappin's Meeting House) He sold his House and Ground and moved to Rowley where he died and was Buried.">[

[COL. GOOKIN'S LETTER TO REV. NATHANIEL GOOKIN OF HAMPTON, N. H.]

Philadelphia, 9^br 22^d 1710.

Dr sr

The business of y^e Province sometimes requires me to visit y^e extreme parts of it and I am often obliged to stay at New Castle y^e chief town of y^e next Government, and by that means miss many opportunities of answering my friends' letters, this and having very little to write that could entertain y^e are y^e reasons y^e have not heard from me of late. I have had two letters from y^e since I wrote y^o last y^e 3^d of Oct^b. By letters from Ireland I am informed two of our relatives are lately dead, viz. Robert Gookin, son of my Uncle Robert, and Augustine Gookin, eldest son of my Uncle Charles. My own affairs in y^e government are very likely to improve, for y^e last assembly who were extremely y^e Proprietor's enemies and against raising money for y^e support of Gover'nt, are every one laid by this election, and such men chosen as I believe will answer his expectations and mine.

By the packet I have letters from y^e Proprietor, wherein he tells mee he has more friends in this ministry than in y^e last, and gives me fresh assurances of his friend in case he resigns y^e government to y^e crown, which he thinks he shall find it his interest to do. I shall not give y^e any account of y^e public affairs since y^e will be better informed by y^e prints. I shall not add, but only desire y^e will not take my backwardness in writing in an unkind sense, but believe I have a due regard for all my relations and that I am in a more particular manner

[Superscription.]	Dr Cossn yr very affecte Kinsman
To the Reverend Mr. Nathl Gookin,	and Servt
att Hampton, N. Hampshire,	Chas. Gookin.
Frce Ch. Gookin. via Boston.

[HISTORY OF THE PILGRIM SOCIETY,]

WITH A BRIEF ACCOUNT OF THE EARLY SETTLEMENT OF PLYMOUTH COLONY.

As introductory to a notice of the Pilgrim Society, the narration of a few facts in reference to the early settlement of New England may be neither inappropriate nor uninteresting. It will serve also to elucidate more fully the objects of the Society.

Religious persecution was the chief cause of the emigration of our forefathers to this country. The memorable Reformation, effected principally by the instrumentality of Luther and Calvin, appeared in England in 1534, under Henry VIII. During its progress, in the reigns of Mary, Elizabeth, and James I., those who were denominated Puritans[B] were subjected to the most cruel oppression. Thousands suffered martyrdom; many were banished; and others were doomed to perpetual imprisonment.

Those Puritans who lived in the north of England were, on account of their dispersed state, divided, in the year 1606, into two distinct churches. With one of these was connected the celebrated John Robinson, who afterwards became its minister. Persecuted for non-conformity to the established church, he, with a part of his congregation, that they might worship God according to the dictates of their consciences, removed in 1607-8 to Amsterdam, in Holland, where religious toleration was then sanctioned by law; and soon after, (in 1609,) they went to Leyden, where they formed themselves into a church, according to the pattern prescribed, as they supposed, by the word of God. In that place they remained till their removal to America. "Their motives for this," (their removal,) "were to preserve the morals of their youth; to prevent them, through want of employment, from leaving their parents and engaging in business unfriendly to religion; to avoid the inconveniences of incorporating with the Dutch; to lay a foundation for propagating the gospel in the remote parts of the world; and, by separating from all the existing establishments in Europe, to form the model of a pure church, free from the admixture of human additions." What Lord Brougham, of England, has said of the North American colonies in general, is most strictly and emphatically true of these individuals in particular. "All idea of wealth or pleasure was out of the question. The greater part of them viewed their emigration as taking up the cross, and bounded their hopes of wealth to the gifts of the Spirit, and their ambition to the desire of a kingdom beyond the grave. A set of men more conscientious in their doings, or simple in their manners, never founded any commonwealth."

Such were the reasons which induced the founders of New England to leave all that was dear to them in England and Holland, and to remove to these then inhospitable shores; reasons sufficient to affect the minds, hearts, and conduct of some of the best men that ever lived. Speaking of them, Governor Stoughton remarked, "God sifted a whole nation that he might send choice grain over into this wilderness."

In accomplishing their object, "it was agreed by the English congregation at Leyden, that some of their number should go to America to make preparation for the rest. Mr. Robinson,[C] their minister, was prevailed on to stay with the greater part at Leyden; Mr. Brewster,[D] their elder, was to accompany the first adventurers, but these and their brethren remaining in Holland were to continue to be one church, and to receive each other to Christian communion without a formal dismission, or testimonial. Several of the congregation sold their estates and made a common bank, which, together with money received from other adventurers, enabled them to purchase the Speedwell,[E] a ship of sixty tons, and to hire in England the May Flower, a ship of one hundred and eighty tons, for the intended enterprise."[F]

The following graphic description of the attachment of the Pilgrims to each other, and of their pious views and feelings on the occasion of their separation, is found in Morton's New England Memorial.

"Being prepared to depart, they had a solemn day of humiliation, the pastor teaching a part of the day very profitably, and suitably to the present occasion; the text of Scripture was Ezra viii:21. The rest of the time was spent in pouring out of prayers unto the Lord, with great fervency, mixed with abundance of tears.—When they came to the place," (Delftshaven,) "they found the ship and all things ready; and such of their friends as could not come with them, followed after them, and sundry came from Amsterdam to see them shipped, and to take their leave of them. One night was spent with little sleep with the most, but with friendly entertainment, and Christian discourse, and other real expressions of Christian love. The next day, the wind being fair, they went on board, and their friends with them, where truly doleful was the sight of that sad and mournful parting, to hear what sighs, and sobs, and prayers did sound amongst them; what tears did gush from every eye, and pithy speeches pierced each other's heart, that sundry of the Dutch strangers, that stood on the quay as spectators, could not refrain from tears: Yet comfortable and sweet it was, to see such lively and true expressions of dear and unfeigned love.—Their reverend pastor falling down on his knees, and they all with him, with watery cheeks, commended them with most fervent prayers unto the Lord and his blessing; and then with mutual embraces and many tears, they took their leave one of another, which proved to be the last leave to many of them."

On the 6th of September, 1620, the adventurers sailed from Plymouth, in the May Flower, and, on the 9th of November, they arrived, after enduring a perilous voyage, in sight of Cape Cod. Having entered the harbor, they, on the 11th day of the month, after prayer and thanksgiving, subscribed a written instrument, by which they were made a body politic. The covenant entered into was signed by forty-one individuals, who, with their families, amounted to one hundred and one persons. Mr. John Carver was unanimously elected Governor of the colony for one year.[G] Though these adventurers undertook their enterprise under the authority and sanction of a royal charter, yet they commenced their political existence as a republic. December 22, 1620, they disembarked and went on shore. The place where they landed, called by the Indians Patuxet, they named Plymouth, after the town in England from which they last sailed.

Such was the origin of the settlement of the Plymouth colony.

Sentiments of high respect for the principles and character of the first settlers of New England have been cherished in every succeeding generation of their descendants. They have been eager to reward their inestimable service by commemorating their virtues and piety, and by preserving a recollection of their sufferings, resolution, and noble deeds, in so glorious a cause. In doing this they have been actuated by the dictates of nature, reason, and gratitude.

On January 13, 1769, when the storm of British oppression was gathering, and the time for open and decided resistance to the crown was at hand, an association called the "Old Colony Club" was formed at Plymouth, consisting of some of the principal men of that place and vicinity; and on December 22, of that year, the "Landing of the Forefathers" was first celebrated.[H] The Winslows, Watsons, and Howlands were among those who were the most prominent. Major-General John Winslow of Marshfield, who had been an eminent officer in the war between England and France, in 1754-1762, General Peleg Wadsworth, Colonel Gamaliel Bradford, and Hon. George Partridge of Duxbury, Hon. William Sever and General John Thomas of Kingston, Colonel Alexander Scammell, then a teacher of youth in Plymouth, and afterwards a distinguished officer in the American Revolution, were original or early members of the Society.

"In the year 1773 the Association was dissolved, in consequence of conflicting opinions existing among its members, in relation to the American Revolution," and two of the early members of the Club left the country, from attachment to the British government.

The following gentlemen have delivered sermons or addresses, by the request of the "Old Colony Club," or of the inhabitants of the town, or of the members of some one of the religious societies, at the times of the anniversary at Plymouth, on the 22nd of December. Edward Winslow, Jr., Esq., Plymouth; Rev. Chandler Robbins, D. D., Plymouth; Rev. Charles Turner, Duxbury; Rev. Gad Hitchcock, D. D., Pembroke; Rev. Samuel Baldwin, Hanover; Rev. Sylvanus Conant, Middleborough; Rev. Samuel West, D. D., Dartmouth; Rev. Timothy Hilliard, Barnstable; Rev. William Shaw, D. D., Marshfield; Rev. Jonathan Moore, Rochester; Doct. Zaccheus Bartlett, Plymouth; Hon. John Davis, LL. D., Boston; Rev. John Allyne, D. D., Duxbury; Hon. John Quincy Adams, LL. D., Quincy; Rev. John Thornton Kirkland, D. D., Cambridge; Rev. Jonathan Strong, D. D., Randolph; Rev. James Kendall, D. D., Plymouth; Alden Bradford, LL. D., Boston; Rev. Abiel Holmes, D. D., Cambridge; Rev. James Freeman, D. D., Boston; Rev. Adoniram Judson, Plymouth; Rev. Thaddeus Mason Harris, D. D., Dorchester; Rev. Abiel Abbot, D. D., Beverly; Rev. John Elliot, D. D., Boston; Rev. James Flint, D. D., Salem; Rev. Ezra Goodwin, Sandwich; Rev. Horace Holley, LL. D., Boston; Hon. Wendell Davis, Sandwich; and Hon. Francis Calley Gray, Boston.

As the "Old Colony Club" had for many years ceased to act as a society, and had, in fact, ceased to exist, that the object of the annual celebration of the "Landing of our Forefathers" might be better accomplished, a society was formed, November 9, 1819, by the name of the "Old Colony Pilgrim Society," and immediately went into operation. The Hon. Joshua Thomas, William Jackson, and Nathaniel M. Davis, Esqs., were chosen a committee on behalf of the Society, to petition the General Court for an act of incorporation. On February 24, 1820, the Society was incorporated and made a body politic, by the name of the "Pilgrim Society." The design of the institution may in part be learned from a clause in the first section of the act of incorporation, which is, "to perpetuate the memory of the virtues, the enterprise, and unparalleled sufferings of their ancestors."

The "Landing of our Forefathers" was first celebrated by the Pilgrim Society, December 22, 1820, that being the completion of the second century since the settlement of New England, or the landing of the Pilgrims. This event, which, in a most important sense, gave existence to the nation, with all that is valuable in its civil, literary, and religious establishments, was observed that year with more than usual solemnity and interest. The Hon. Daniel Webster delivered an address[I] on the occasion, worthy of himself and the memory of those whose character and sufferings he so eloquently portrayed. A large concourse of people attended the celebration, and were escorted to the place of public service by the Standish Guards, a military company so called in honor of Capt. Miles Standish.[J]

There were present on the occasion, a delegation from the Massachusetts Historical Society, and from the American Antiquarian Society. The Hon. Judge Davis addressed the Pilgrim Society on behalf of the former institution, and the Hon. Levi Lincoln on behalf of the latter. The Rev. Dr. Kendall replied to the one, and Alden Bradford, Esq., replied to the other. The kindest sentiments and feelings universally prevailed, and the occasion was one of great satisfaction and rejoicing.

The Pilgrim Society, as such, annually commemorates the day on which our Forefathers landed at Plymouth. On some of these anniversaries, addresses have been delivered; in 1820, by Hon. Daniel Webster; in 1824, by Hon. Edward Everett; in 1829, by Hon. William Sullivan; in 1834, by Rev. George Washington Blagden; in 1835, by Hon. Peleg Sprague; in 1837, by Rev. Robert B. Hall; in 1838, by Rev. Thomas Bobbins, D. D.; and in 1845, by Joseph R. Chandler, Esq. Since 1820, at the request of some religious society or association, the following gentlemen have delivered addresses on these anniversary occasions, though not specially before the Pilgrim Society; Rev. Richard S. Storrs, D. D., Braintree; Rev. Lyman Beecher, D. D., Boston; Rev. Samuel Green, Boston; Rev. Daniel Huntington, North Bridgewater; Rev. Benjamin B. Wisner, D. D., Boston; Rev. John Codman, D. D., Dorchester; Rev. Convers Francis, D. D., Watertown; Rev. Jonathan Bigelow, Rochester; Rev. Samuel Barrett, Boston; Rev. William T. Torrey, Plymouth; Rev. John Brazier, D. D., Salem; and Rev. Mark Hopkins, D. D., Williamstown. In the addresses which have been delivered, the principles, motives, intentions, and character of the Forefathers have been exhibited and approved; the causes of their emigration, the interposition of God in their behalf, and the glorious results which have followed, have been glowingly described.

The Society erected in the year 1824 a monumental edifice; the corner-stone of which was laid with appropriate solemnities, and in an excavation made in it for the purpose, was deposited, with other articles, a plate having the following inscription: "In grateful memory of our Ancestors, who exiled themselves from their native country, for the sake of religion, and here successfully laid the foundation of Freedom and Empire, December 22, A. D. MDCXX., their descendants, the Pilgrim Society, have raised this edifice, August XXXI. A. D. MDCCCXXIV."

The edifice is built of unwrought split granite, and is seventy feet in length by forty in width, and is two stories in height. It has a handsome Doric portico in front, eight feet wide, supported by six pillars sixteen feet high. The whole expense of the building and its appurtenances was more than $15,000. Its location is pleasant and presents a full view of the outer harbor of the town. The principal hall is adorned by a magnificent painting, representing our Forefathers. This picture, valued at $3,000, was a donation to the Pilgrim Society by the artist, Henry Sargent, Esq., Boston. It is a splendid representation of the Pilgrims at their arrival on these western shores. Pilgrim Hall is the most suitable receptacle for it; and Col. Sargent has exhibited a noble generosity in placing it within its walls. The dimensions of the picture are sixteen feet by thirteen. It contains several groups of individuals attired in the costume of their day. 1. Governor Carver and his wife and children; 2. Governor Bradford; 3. Governor Winslow; 4. Wife of Governor Winslow; 5. Mr. William Brewster, the presiding Elder; 6. Capt. Miles Standish; 7. Mr. William White and his child Peregrine; 8. Mr. Isaac Allerton and his wife; 9. Mr. John Alden; 10. Mr. John Turner; 11. Mr. Stephen Hopkins, his wife, and children; 12. Mr. Richard Warner; 13. Mr. Edward Tilley; 14. Mr. Samuel Fuller; 15. Wife of Capt. Standish; 16. Samoset, an Indian Sagamore; 17. Mr. John Howland, of Governor Carver's family, who married his daughter.

In the edifice there is a room set apart for a Library and a Cabinet of curiosities. It is already supplied with a number of volumes and many manuscripts of early date. It is desirable that a copy of all the works published by the Pilgrims and their descendants should be deposited in the Library.

"Among the antiquities in the Cabinet of the Pilgrim Society are the following:

"A chair which belonged to Gov. Carver. The sword of Miles Standish, presented by William S. Williams, Esq. A pewter dish which belonged to Miles Standish, presented by the late Joseph Head, Esq. An iron pot which belonged to Miles Standish, presented by the late John Watson, Esq. A brass steelyard, owned by Thomas Southworth. A cane which belonged to William White; presented by Hon. John Reed. A dressing-case which belonged to William White. The gun-barrel with which King Philip was killed, presented by Mr. John Cook of Kingston. The original letter of King Philip to Gov. Prince, written in 1662. A china mug and leather pocket-book which belonged to Thomas Clark. A piece of ingenious embroidery, in a frame, executed by Lora Standish, a daughter of Miles Standish; presented by Rev. Lucius Alden of East Bridgewater. Many curiosities are still in the hands of individuals and families, which might add much to the interest of Pilgrim Hall."

The following Portraits embellish Pilgrim Hall: "1. of Edward Winslow, painted in London in 1651, copied from the original, by C. A. Foster. 2. of Josiah Winslow, the first native Governor of the Old Colony, painted in London in 1651, copied from the original, by C. A. Foster. 3. of Gov. Josiah Winslow's wife, Penelope Pelham, copied from the original, by C. A. Foster. 4. of General John Winslow, copied from the original, by C. A. Foster. The portrait of Gov. Edward Winslow is the only one preserved, of those individuals who came in the Mayflower. The originals of these paintings belong to Isaac Winslow, Esq., of Boston, and are now in the rooms of the Massachusetts Historical Society. 5. A portrait of the Hon. Ephraim Spooner, presented by Thomas Davis, Esq., of Boston. 6. A portrait of John Alden, Esq., of Middleborough, who died in 1821, aged 102 years, who was the great-grandson of John Alden, who came in the Mayflower; painted and presented by Cephas Thompson, Esq. 7. A portrait of Hon. John Trumbull, presented by Col. John Trumbull. This portrait was painted in 1781. The face was executed by Mr. Stewart, and the other parts by Mr. Trumbull himself, while a student with him. 8. A portrait of James Thacher, M. D., late Librarian and Cabinet-Keeper of the Pilgrim Society. It was painted by Mr. Frothingham, in January, 1841, by order of the Pilgrim Society, pursuant to a vote expressing their sense of the valuable services he had rendered, in promoting the objects of said society.[K]

"The Hall contains also a bust of Hon. Daniel Webster, presented by James T. Hayward, Esq., of Boston; and the bust of Hon. John Adams, presented by Samuel Nicholson, Esq."

For an account of "Forefathers' Rock" and the beautiful monument erected by the Pilgrim Society for its preservation, we make the following extract from Dr. Thacher's History of Plymouth.

"The inhabitants of the town," [1774] "animated by the glorious spirit of liberty which pervaded the Province, and mindful of the precious relic of our Forefathers, resolved to consecrate the Rock on which they landed to the shrine of liberty. Col. Theophilus Colon and a large number of the inhabitants assembled, with about twenty yoke of oxen, for the purpose of its removal. The rock was elevated from its bed by means of large screws; and in attempting to mount it on the carriage, it split asunder, without any violence. As no one had observed a flaw, the circumstance occasioned some surprise. It is not strange that some of the patriots of the day should be disposed to indulge a little in superstition, when in favor of their good cause. The separation of the rock was construed to be ominous of a division of the British Empire. The question was now to be decided whether both parts should be removed, and being decided in the negative, the bottom part was dropped again into its original bed, where it still remains, a few inches above the surface of the earth, at the head of the wharf. The upper portion, weighing many tons, was conveyed to the liberty-pole square, front of the meeting-house, where, we believe, waved over it a flag with the far-famed motto, 'Liberty or death.' This part of the rock was, on the 4th of July, 1834, removed to 'Pilgrim Hall,' and placed in front of that edifice, under the charge of the Pilgrim Society. A procession was formed on this occasion, and passed over Cole's hill, where lie the ashes of those who died the first winter.

"A miniature representation of the Mayflower followed in the procession, placed in a car decorated with flowers, and drawn by six boys. The procession was preceded by the children of both sexes of the several schools in town. On depositing the rock in front of the Hall, a volley of small arms was fired over it by the Standish Guards, after which, an appropriate address was delivered by Doct. Charles Cotton, and the services were closed with a prayer by Rev. Dr. Kendall.

"It affords the highest satisfaction to announce, that the long desired protection of the 'Forefathers' Rock' is at length completed; and it may be pronounced a noble structure, serving the double purpose of security to the rock and a monument to the Pilgrims. The fabric was erected in June of the present year, [1835,] and consists of a perfect ellipse, forty-one feet in perimeter, formed of wrought iron bars, five feet high, resting on a base of hammered granite. The heads of the perpendicular bars are harpoons and boat-hooks alternately. The whole is embellished with emblematic figures of cast iron. The base of the railing is studded with emblems of marine shells, placed alternately reversed, having a striking effect. The upper part of the railing is encircled with a wreath of iron castings, in imitation of heraldry curtains, fringed with festoons; of these there are forty-one, bearing the names in bass-relief of the forty-one Puritan fathers who signed the memorable compact while in the cabin of the Mayflower, at Cape Cod, in 1620. This valuable and interesting acquisition reflects honor on all who have taken an interest in the undertaking. In the original design by George W. Brimmer, Esq., ingenuity and correct taste are displayed; and in all its parts, the work is executed with much judgment and skill. The castings are executed in the most improved style of the art. This appropriate memorial will last for ages, and the names and story of the great founders of our nation will be made familiar to the latest generation. This monument cost four hundred dollars. The fund was obtained by subscription; Lieut. Gov. Armstrong heading the paper, and Samuel T. Tisdale, Esq., of New York, contributing one hundred dollars. The author of this work" (Dr. Thacher,) "had the honor and satisfaction of being the active agent in its execution."

This account of the Pilgrim Society we conclude, by expressing our high commendation of its object. To be affected at the sufferings of the Pilgrims of New England; to exercise gratitude for their inestimable labors and sacrifices; to venerate their virtue and piety; to revere their principles of religious and civil liberty; and to hand down a suitable memorial of them to succeeding generations, is at once the duty and privilege of their descendants. Most cordially can we adopt the expressive language of President Dwight, in speaking of our ancestors. "When I call to mind," says he, "the history of their sufferings on both sides of the Atlantic, when I remember their preëminent patience, their unspotted piety, their immovable fortitude, their undaunted resolution, their love to each other, their justice and humanity to the savages, and their freedom from all those stains which elsewhere spotted the character, even of their companions in affliction, I cannot but view them as illustrious brothers, claiming the veneration and applause of all their posterity. By me the names of Carver, Bradford, Cushman,[L] and Standish, will never be forgotten, until I lose the power of recollection."

Our apology for appending so many notes to this historical notice is, that they illustrate the character of the Pilgrims of New England and the times in which they lived, and thus serve to accomplish the object we have in view. For instance, a few sentences in the farewell discourse of the Rev. Mr. Robinson, who was in an important sense the Father of the Plymouth colony, show the cast of mind, the religious faith, and the adherence to Protestant principles, of himself and of his flock.[M]

The first Presidents of the Society were Hon. Joshua Thomas, John Watson, Alden Bradford, LL. D., and Nathaniel M. Davis, Esqs.

The present officers are Charles H. Warren, President; William Davis, Vice-President; Andrew L. Russell, Recording Secretary; Benjamin M. Watson, Corresponding Secretary; William S. Russell, Librarian and Cabinet-Keeper; Nathaniel M. Davis, John B. Thomas, Isaac L. Hedge, William M. Jackson, Schuyler Sampson, Joseph Cushman of Plymouth, and James T. Hayward and William Thomas of Boston, Trustees.

FOOTNOTES:

[B] The term Puritan was originally a term of reproach, though now one of commendation. Neal, in his History of the Puritans, speaks thus of them: "If a man maintained his steady adherence to the doctrines of Calvin and the Synod of Dort; if he kept the Sabbath and frequented sermons; if he maintained family religion and would neither swear nor be drunk, nor comply with the fashionable vices of the times, he was called a Puritan." The Puritans arose in the reign of Queen Elizabeth. After the famous Act of Uniformity, or, as it is called, the Bartholomew Act, passed by the English Parliament, in 1602, they were called Non-conformists. Since that period they have been more generally denominated Dissenters.

[C] The Rev. Mr. Robinson never came to New England as he intended; but died at Leyden, March 1, 1625, in the fiftieth year of his age. His widow and children afterwards came to Plymouth. Mr. Robinson received a university education in England, and ranked among the first divines of his age. Prince, the New England Annalist, in his Chronology, thus speaks of him: "He was highly esteemed both by the city and university of Leyden, for his learning, piety, moderation, and excellent accomplishments. The magistrates, clergy, and scholars lamented his death as a public loss."

[D] Mr. William Brewster was born in England, 1560, was educated at the University of Cambridge, and became a zealous Puritan. He resided in the north of England, and when the church was formed over which the Rev. Messrs. Richard Cilfton and John Robinson were ordained as pastors, the members met at his house on Lord's day for worship, so long as they were permitted by the civil authorities. When the church, with their pastors, on account of persecution, had removed to Holland, Mr. Brewster was elected Ruling Elder. After the arrival of the Pilgrims at Plymouth, he usually preached to them twice every Sabbath for nine years, as they had no regular minister till Mr. Ralph Smith was ordained their pastor, in 1629; but he never administered the sacraments. He was a man in whom the church reposed the most unlimited confidence in respect to all their spiritual affairs. For piety he was eminent. For human as well as sacred literature, he had a great taste; and at his death, which occurred April 16, 1644, being 83 years old, he left a handsome library valued in that day at forty-three pounds, a catalogue of which is to be found in the colony records.—Allen's Biog. Dict.

[E] The ship Speedwell, commanded by Capt. Reynolds, proved leaky and unfit for the voyage, and was discharged from service before the Pilgrims left Plymouth. The whole company, therefore, which came over to this country, were passengers in the May Flower.

[F] Holmes's American Annals.

[G] Governor Carver died greatly lamented on the 5th of April following, having sustained the office of chief-magistrate but four months and twenty-four days. "He was a man of great prudence, integrity, and firmness of mind. He had a good estate in England, which he spent in the migration to Holland and America. He was one of the foremost in action, and bore a large share of suffering in the service of the colony, who confided in him as its friend and father. Piety, humility, and benevolence, were eminent trails in his character."—Dr. Belknap.

On the death of Governor Carver, although only thirty-two years old, and confined at the time by sickness, Mr. William Bradford was unanimously elected his successor, as Governor of the colony. He conducted the affairs of the colony for the great part of the time, as chief, and two or three years as second magistrate, with consummate prudence and ability for a period of more than thirty-one years.—In his youth, he embraced the doctrines which were taught by the venerable Clifton, and afterwards by Robinson, and became one of their most devoted followers. He applied himself with great diligence to the study of the ancient languages, both Latin and Greek. Of the Hebrew his knowledge was intimate, and the French and Dutch he spoke with ease. He read much on subjects of history and philosophy. In theology he was deeply versed, and few there were who could contend with him successfully in a polemical dispute. He wrote considerably; the loss of his valuable manuscript history of the colony to 1646, can never be supplied.—Dr. Thacher's History of Plymouth.

[H] The following dishes were served up for entertainment on the first anniversary; and the account is here inserted as a matter of curiosity: "1, a large baked Indian whortleberry pudding; 2, a dish of sauquetach (succotash, corn and beans boiled together); 3, a dish of clams; 4, a dish of oysters and a dish of cod fish; 5, a haunch of venison, roasted by the first jack brought to the colony; 6, a dish of roasted sea fowl; 7, a dish of frost fish and eels; 8, an apple pie; 9, a course of cranberry tarts and cheese made in the Old Colony."—Dr. Thacher's History of Plymouth.

The following toasts were also given on the occasion:

1. To the memory of our brave and pious ancestors, the first settlers of the Old Colony.

2. To the memory of John Carver and all the other worthy Governors of the Old Colony.

3. To the memory of that pious man and faithful historian, Mr. Secretary Morton.

4. To the memory of that brave man and good officer, Capt. Miles Standish.

5. To the memory of Massasoit, our first and best friend, and ally of the Natives.

6. To the memory of Mr. Robert Cushman, who preached the first sermon in New England.

7. The union of the Old Colony and Massachusetts.

8. May every person be possessed of the same noble sentiments against arbitrary power that our worthy ancestors were endowed with.

9. May every enemy to civil or religious liberty meet the same or a worse fate than Archbishop Laud.

10. May the Colonies be speedily delivered from all the burthens and oppressions they now labor under.

11. A speedy and lasting union between Great Britain and her Colonies.

12. Unanimity, prosperity, and happiness to the Colonies.—Russell's Guide to Plymouth.

[I] The address was published, and has passed through several editions, and been a source of considerable income to the Society.

[J] It is said of Capt. Standish, He possessed much native talent, was decided, ardent, resolute, and persevering, indifferent to danger, a bold and hardy man, stern, austere, and unyielding; of exemplary piety, and of incorruptible integrity; "an iron-nerved Puritan, who could hew down forests and live on crumbs."

The Rev. John Thornton Kirkland, D. D., President of Harvard College, and the Rev. Eleazar Wheelock, D. D., first President of Dartmouth College, were descendants of Capt. Standish.

[K] Dr. Thacher was appointed Librarian and Cabinet-Keeper of the Pilgrim Society at its first organization, and his indefatigable efforts contributed largely to the promotion of its objects. The following extract from the report of a Committee of the Society indicates the sense entertained of his services. "The undersigned, to whom was referred the report of Dr. James Thacher, respecting the Iron Railing around the Forefathers' Rock, report that the Society are indebted to Dr. Thacher for this beautiful and costly monument, which while it secures the Pilgrim Rock from further depredation, records for the benefit of posterity, the names of our fathers, and affords a pleasing subject of contemplation to many strangers who visit us." Dr. Thacher died May 23, 1811, aged 90—The two extracts above are taken from the Guide to Plymouth.

[L] "On the 11th of November, [1621] Robert Cushman arrived at Plymouth, in a ship from England, with thirty-five persons, destined to remain in the Colony. By this arrival the Plymouth colonists received a charter, procured for them by the adventurers in London, who had been originally concerned with them in the enterprise; and they now acknowledged the extraordinary blessing of Heaven, in directing their course into this part of the country, where they had happily obtained permission to possess and enjoy the territory under the authority of the president and council for the affairs of New England."—Holmes's Annals.

The names of the thirty-five persons who came in the Fortune, (for so the vessel was called,) are, Robert Cushman, William Hilton, John Winslow, William Conner, John Adams, William Tench, John Cannon, William Wright, Robert Hickes, Thomas Prence, (Prince,) afterwards Governor, Stephen Dean, Moses Simonson, (Simons,) Philip De La Noye, (Delano,) Edward Bompasse, (Bumpus and Bump,) Clement Brigges, (Briggs,) James Steward, (Stewart,) William Pitts, William Palmer, probably two in his family, Jonathan Brewster, Bennet Morgan, Thomas Flavil and his son, Hugh Stacie, (Stacy,) William Beale, Thomas Cushman, Austin Nicolas, (Nicholas,) Widow Foord, probably four in her family, Thomas Morton, William Bassite, (Bassett), two probably in his family.

Mr. Cushman was one of those who left England for the sake of religious liberty, and settled at Leyden. In 1617 he was sent to England, with Mr. Carver, the first governor of the Colony, to procure a grant of lands in America, and in 1619 he was sent again, with Mr. Bradford, second governor of the Colony, and obtained a patent. He set sail with the first company in 1620, but the Speedwell proving leaky, he was obliged to relinquish the voyage. He came, however, to Plymouth, November 10, 1621, but remained there only one month, when he returned. While preparing to remove to America, he died, 1626. He was a man of activity and enterprise, talents and piety, and well versed in the Scriptures. Though not a minister, yet, while at Plymouth, he delivered a discourse in the form of a sermon "on the Sin and Danger of Self-Love," which was the first sermon from New England, ever printed. It was first published at London, 1622, then at Boston, 1724, and at Plymouth, 1785. After his death, Mr. Cushman's family came to New England. Many are their descendants in this country.—Allen's Biog. Dict.—Farmer's Register.

[M] "Brethren," said he, "we are now quickly to part from one another, and whether I may ever live to see your face on earth any more, the God of heaven only knows; but whether the Lord hath appointed that or not, I charge you before God and his blessed angels, that you follow me no farther than you have seen me follow the Lord Jesus Christ. If God reveal any thing to you by any other instrument of his, be as ready to receive it as ever you were to receive any truth by my ministry; for I am fully persuaded, I am very confident, that the Lord has more truth yet to break forth out of his holy word. For my part, I cannot sufficiently bewail the condition of the reformed churches, who are come to a period in religion, and will go at present no farther than the instruments of their reformation. The Lutherans cannot be drawn to go beyond what Luther saw; whatever part of his will our good God has revealed to Calvin, they will rather die than embrace it; and the Calvinists, you see, stick fast where they were left by that great man of God, who yet saw not all things.

"This is a misery much to be lamented, for though they were burning and shining lights in their times, yet they penetrated not into the whole counsel of God; but were they now living, would be as willing to embrace further light, as that which they at first received. I beseech you to remember that it is an article of your church covenant, that you shall be ready to receive whatever truth shall be made known to you from the written word of God. Remember that, and every other article of your sacred covenant. But I must here withal exhort you to take heed what you receive as truth. Examine it, consider it, and compare it with other Scriptures of truth, before you receive it; for it is not possible that the Christian world should come so lately out of such thick antichristian darkness, and the perfection of knowledge should break forth at once."

[PASSENGERS OF THE GOLDEN HIND.]

(The First Englishmen in North America.)

BY SAMUEL G. DRAKE, M. A.

[The above engraving is an exact copy of an armed ship of the time of Queen Elizabeth, the original publication of which bears date 1594, and is to be found in that rare old work on "Nauigation, lately collected out of the best Moderne writers thereof by M. Blundinile, and by him reduced into such a plaine and orderly forme of teaching as euery man of a meane capacitie may easily vnderstand the same."

It is doubtless a much better representation of the ships that transported our fathers to these shores than any hitherto given.]

It was long ago remarked that but for the voyages and expeditions of Sir Francis Drake, North America would have remained unsettled, if not almost unknown, for many years, if not for ages. To those who are familiar with the history of the state of Europe during the century in which Elizabeth lived, no argument will be required to convince them of the truth of that position.

An exception may be taken to the heading of our article, but we are well aware of the voyages of the Cabots, of Ponce de Leon, and of Verazzini; the former of whom it is said discovered Newfoundland, and the latter ravaged some part of Florida; and that Verazzini, a little later, was eaten by the Indians of North America. If we consult history, popularly known as such, it will hardly appear that the Cabots set foot on these shores, while what was done by the others tended only to discourage voyages of discovery in this hemisphere.

It is the intention in this article to furnish as complete a list of the persons who sailed upon the voyage with Sir Francis Drake round the world, as can be collected, after long and patient search and investigation. That such a list or catalogue cannot fail to be interesting at this day, we feel assured, for two reasons; first, because they were probably the first Englishmen, (certainly the first whose names we have,) who landed in North America; and secondly, many of them bore names common amongst us, even to this time. Whether they were the ancestors or connections of the ancestors of these, we leave for the investigation of those who bear these names, or who may have the curiosity and leisure to pursue the interesting inquiry.

A third reason might have been given why such a catalogue of names should be made out, had we published earlier, but as a settlement of the "Oregon Question" has taken place, no one will be likely to put in a claim to any part of that territory by right of discovery made by his ancestor; and hence an emigrant to that region has no other reason for any interest he may take in the following names than any of us have on this side of the Rocky Mountains. And instead of the ancient claim of rights by discovery, the Oregonian must now console himself as well as he can with this distich of our famous revolutionary poet, Freneau:

For the time once was here, to the world be it known,
That all a man sail'd by, or saw, was his own.

By the following list it will be seen that the largest number of those who embarked in the voyage, continued during it, and that some others did not; while of some it is uncertain whether they continued in it, returned with Capt. Winter, were lost with Capt. Thomas, or are otherwise to be accounted for.

Drake set sail from Plymouth, Nov. 15, 1577, and returned to the same port Sept. 26, 1580.

The following is the last entry, in the only true and authentic journal preserved of that voyage. It is entitled "THE WORLD Encompassed by Sir Francis Drake," &c., and was printed in a small quarto volume, with this imprint, "London, Printed for Nicholas Bovrne, and are to be sold at his shop at the Royall Exchange, 1628."

"And the 26. of Sept. [1580 in the margin,] (which was Monday in the just and ordinary reckoning of those that had stayed at home in one place or countrie, but in our c[=o]putation was the Lord's day or Sonday) we safely with ioyfull minds and thankfvll hearts to God, arriued at Plimoth, the place of our first setting forth after we had spent 2. yeares 10. moneths and some few odde daies beside, in seeing the wonders of the Lord in the deep, in discouering so many admirable things, in going through with so many strange aduentures, in escaping out of so many dangers, and ouercomming so many difficulties in this our encompassing of this neather globe, and passing round about the world, which we haue related."

We now proceed with the proposed catalogue of names, in which we shall study brevity.

FRANCIS DRAKE, Admiral, or as that officer was then generally denominated, general, of the expedition, in the ship called the Pelican, which name she bore until she entered the South Sea, when it was changed to the Golden Hind. He was born about 1537,[N] and died on board his ship near Porto Bello, Jan. 28, 1596.

JOHN WINTER, Vice-Admiral, in the Elizabeth. He continued in the voyage till the passing of the Straits of Magellan, when a storm, which for its fury and duration, had never been known to him or his companions, made every heart quail but the Admiral's, and compelled him, for his own safety, as he contended, to forsake the voyage and return to England. How many returned with him, we have no means of knowing, at present.

To form an estimate of the violence of the tempest which deprived Drake of all his ships but that in which he himself was, one must recur to the original Journal of the voyage before noticed. That the reader may have an idea of that curious work, and lest he may never see it, a short extract will here be introduced. The writer of the Journal was in the Admiral's ship, to which it applies.

"For such was the present danger by forcing and continuall flawes, that we were rather to looke for present death then hope for any deliuery, if God almightie should not make the way for vs. The winds were such as if the bowels of the earth had set all at libertie; or as if all the clouds vnder heauen had beene called together, to lay their force vpon that one place: The seas, which by nature and of themselues are heauie, and of a weightie substance, were rowled vp from the depths, euen from the roots of the rockes, as if it had beene a scroll of parchment, which by the extremity of heate runneth together: and being aloft were carried in most strange manner and abundance, as feathers or drifts of snow, by the violence of the winds, to water the exceeding tops of high and loftie mountaines. Our anchors, as false friends in such a danger, gaue ouer their holdfast, and as if it had beene with horror of the thing, did shrinke downe to hide themselues in this miserable storme; committing the distressed ship and helpelesse men to the vncertaine and rowling seas, which tossed them, like a ball in a racket. In this case, to let fall more anchors would auaile vs nothing; for being driuen from our first place at anchoring, so vnmeasurable was the depth, that 500. fathome would fetch no ground: So that the violent storme without intermission; the impossibility to come to anchor; the want of opportunitie to spread any sayle; the most mad seas; the lee shores; the dangerous rocks; the contrary and most intolerable winds; the impossible passage out; the desperate tarrying there; and ineuitable perils on euery side, did lay before vs so small likelihood to escape present destruction, that if the speciall providence of God himselfe had not supported vs, we could neuer haue endured that wofull state: as being inuironed with most terrible and most fearfull judgements round about. For truly it was more likely that the mountaines should have beene rent in sunder, from the top to the bottome, and cast headlong into the sea, by these vnnatural winds, than that we, by any helpe or cunning of man, should free the life of any one amongst vs.

"Notwithstanding, the same God of mercy which delivered Ionas out of the Whales belly, and heareth all those that call vpon him faithfully, in their distresse; looked downe from heauen, beheld our teares, and heard our humble petitions, ioyned with holy vowes. Euen God (whom not the winds and seas alone, but euen the diuels themselues and powers of hell obey) did so wonderfully free vs, and make our way open before vs, as it were by his holy Angels still guiding and conducting vs, that more then the affright and amaze of this estate, we received no part of damage in all the things that belonged vnto vs.

"But escaping from these straites and miseries, as it were through the needles ey (that God might haue the greater glory in our deliuery) by the great and effectuall care and trauell of our Generall, the Lord's instrument therein; we could now no longer forbeare, but must needes finde some place of refuge, as well to provide water, wood, and other necessaries, as to comfort our men, thus worne and tired out, by so many and so long intollerable toyles: the like whereof, its to be supposed, no traveller hath felt, neither hath there ever beene, such a tempest (that any records make mention of) so violent, and of such continuance, since Noahs flood; for as hath beene sayd, it lasted from September 7. to October 28, full 52 dayes."

Though this extract be long, we have given but the closing part of the description of the storm. When we consider that it was winter in that region, and the nature of those seas, the storm (of which we have heard so much,) which overtook Columbus sinks into comparative insignificance.

We cannot close this lengthened digression, (if so it may be considered,) without an extract from a Poem on the Death of Drake by Charles Fitz-Geffrey; who in the following passage seems to have had the wild scenes of Terra del Fuego, in a dismal winter's night, vividly before him:—

"Huge mountain islands of congealed ice,
Floating (like Delos) on the stormy main,
Could not deter him from his enterprise,
Nor blood congealing winter's freezing pain,
Enforce him, coward like, turn back again:
Valor in greatest danger shines most bright,
As full-faced Phœbe in the darkest night."

JOHN THOMAS, captain of the Marigold. He was lost with all his company, after the expedition had passed the Straits of Magellan, in the terrible tempest, just described, among the islands of Terra del Fuego.

JOHN CHESTER, captain of the Swan. He probably continued throughout the voyage.

THOMAS MOONE, captain of the Christopher. He was with Drake in his early voyages to South America, and seems always to have been with him and to have followed his fortunes as long as he lived, and to have died almost at the same time with his beloved commander; not however from disease like him, but by the hand of his enemy, being killed by the Spaniards.

THOMAS DRAKE, the youngest brother of the Admiral. He does not appear to have been in any command at the outset of the voyage, but was soon after raised to the command of one of the ships. At this time he was probably about 18 years of age. He continued with his brother in most of his voyages afterwards, was with him in his last voyage, and in command of a ship. From him are descended the Drakes of Buckland, and of several other places in the south of Devonshire.

FRANCIS FLETCHER, chaplain to the expedition. He kept a journal of the voyage, a copy of which in MS. is said still to be seen in the British Museum, and from which the account before mentioned is supposed to be principally made up.

EDWARD CLIFFE, who sailed in Capt. Winter's ship, and returned with him. He left a good account of his voyage.

JOHN DRAKE, who for being the first to discover a Spanish treasure-ship was rewarded by the Admiral with his gold chain, "which he usually wore." He does not appear to have been of the Admiral's immediate family, but was very probably a near relative. He was afterwards a captain in Fenton's disastrous expedition, was cast away in the mouth of the Rio de la Plata, fell into the hands of the Indians, thence into the hands of the Spaniards, and was not heard of after.

HENRY DRAKE. Of his relationship to the Admiral we have no certain knowledge, nor are we certain that he was one of the "great voyage." He was in the last voyage, was present when a cannon-shot from the castle of Porto Rico passed through Sir Francis's ship, while he with his principal officers were at supper, which shot struck his seat from under him, mortally wounding Capt. Brute Browne and Sir Nicholas Clifford. "This," says Dr. Thomas Fuller, "I had from the mouth of Henry Drake, Esq., there present, my dear and worthy parishioner lately deceased."

FRANCIS PRETTY. About this individual there has been of late much controversy; whether or not he was one of Drake's company, and if he was, whether he was the author of the "Famous Voyage," (as that around the world was styled,) first printed by Hakluyt, in 1589. We have not space here to go into an examination of that question, and shall only remark, that it is possible he may have been one of Drake's company. Some have made him a Frenchman; but that opinion we entirely reject. It is certain that he sailed with Cavendish, and wrote an account of his voyage. The two voyages of Drake and Cavendish were printed in connection, which may have given rise to an error. Dr. Twiss, in his late examination of the Oregon Question, has, to our mind, set the matter in a clear light.

GEORGE FORTESCUE, probably a connection of Drake, and perhaps of the family of Bartholomew Fortescue, Esq., whose daughter Gertrude married Sir Bernard Drake of Ash. This George Fortescue left a MS. account of the voyage, or at least some part of it, as we are informed by Dr. Fuller. He was a captain under his old commander in the West Indies, in 1585, and died during that expedition.

THOMAS DOUGHTY. One of those, who, if we can credit Herrera, went out as a gentleman, "to learn navigation" and naval warfare, without any particular office. He became mutinous before the fleet arrived on the coast of Brazil, and was finally tried, condemned, and executed on a small island in the harbor of Port St. Julian. "In the Island," says the writer of the voyage, "as we digged to burie this gentleman, we found a great grinding stone, broken in two parts, which wee tooke and set fast in the ground, the one part at the head, the other at the feet, building vp the middle space with other stones and turfes of earth, and engraved in the stones the names of the parties buried there, with the time of their departure, and a memoriall of our generalls name in Latine, that it might the better be vnderstood, by all that should come after vs." He was buried with Mr. Oliver, who had just been killed by the Indians.

THOMAS HOOD, mentioned only in connection with the case of Doughty.

THOMAS BLACOLER, afterwards in the expedition of Fenton. The name is spelt with variation. There are those bearing it now in New England.

JOHN GRIPE. Perhaps a mistake for "John the Greek."

LEONARD VICARY, who was an advocate for Doughty. The name of Vicary, though not common in New England, is to be met with, and has probably been known in Massachusetts since 1680. In that year, Seth, according to Farmer, was admitted a freeman of Hull; and he adds, "this name has been in New Hampshire within a few years."

—— CRANE, perhaps Ralph Crane, who afterwards served with Fenton, in 1582.

THOMAS CHESTER, also a witness in the case of Doughty.

ROBERT WINTERLY.

—— OLIVER, the master-gunner in the fleet, killed by the Patagonians.

THOMAS CUTTLE, belonging to the Admiral's ship, with the rank of captain.

JOHN DOUGHTY, a younger brother of Thomas, who was executed.

JOHN BROWN, a trumpeter, an evidence against Doughty.

JOHN COOK. It is doubtful whether any one of the company bore this name, yet a MS. bearing it has been made use of in a collection of voyages, the whole purport of which seems to be an attempt to cast a stain on the proceedings of Drake in the case of Doughty. It is supposed to have been written by some one present in the fleet, and the name of the transcriber may have been taken for the author. A John Conyers is mentioned by Mr. Barrow as "an annotator on" the original narrative, now in the British Museum.

JOHN FRYE, who, with more courage than discretion, jumping on shore in Africa, was seized by the Moors and carried off. He finally returned to England.

EDWARD BRIGHT, a chief accuser of Thomas Doughty.

THOMAS GOOD, prominent in the case of Doughty.

JOHN BREWER, one of the company who landed on the island of Mocha with the Admiral, and were attacked by the Indians. He received seventeen wounds, yet recovered, and sailed afterwards with Cavendish.

HUGH SMITH, mentioned in connection with the affair of Doughty.

RICHARD MINIVY, who was killed by the Spaniards near Cyppo, Dec. 19, 1578.

ROBERT WINTER. Perhaps the same called Winterly in one account, and Winterhie in another.

PETER CARDER, who with seven others separated from the Admiral at the western mouth of the Straits of Magellan, during the tempest before mentioned. In an open boat they succeeded in repassing the Straits, coasted the continent to Brazil, through every variety of suffering, until Carder alone was left alive. He finally reached England after nine years' absence, and was admitted to the presence of Queen Elizabeth, who heard from his own mouth the tale of his adventures. Purchas got from him the account which we have, and which he published in "his Pilgrims."

WILLIAM PITCHER, who was one of the companions of Carder, and lived to reach the coast of Brazil, where he died from drinking too freely of water, when near dead of thirst.

JOHN AUDLEY, one of those who favored Doughty's mutinous conduct.

—— WARRALL, also deeply concerned in the mutiny.

ULYSSES, probably an African, servant to Capt. Winter.

—— COBB, [Caube in the narratives] with Winter or Thomas.

—— CHARLES, also with Winter or Thomas, but once mentioned.

—— ANTHONY, also with Winter or Thomas, and but once mentioned.

WILLIAM HAWKINS, perhaps a brother of Sir Richard Hawkins, and son of Sir John Hawkins, Kt. He was afterwards vice-admiral under Capt. Fenton, in the expedition of 1582.

JOHN DEANE, a witness in the case of Doughty. Whether he continued throughout the voyage or not, is unknown.

JOHN MARTYN, afterwards Capt. John Martyn or Martin of Plymouth, and son of—— Martin of Bridgetown near Totnes, who had male issue living there in 1620.

THOMAS CLACKLEY, boatswain in the Admiral's ship.

JOHN SARICOLD, one of the important evidences against Doughty.

EMANUEL WATKYNS. His name, with Saricold's and several others, is signed to certain articles going to prove the guilt of Doughty.

GEORGE CARY, a musician. The same probably called Gregory Cary, in the documents in Barrow's Worthies. He attested to the mutinous conduct of Doughty.

HENRY SPINDELAY, gunner in Capt. Chester's ship.

JAMES SYDYE, mentioned only in Doughty's case.

WILLIAM SEAGE, mentioned only as above.

JOHN DAVIS, whose name the great northern Strait will ever perpetuate, who was perhaps in Capt. Winter's ship, though we are not sure of the fact; but in 1595, he said he had then "thrice passed the Straits of Magellan," which renders it quite certain that he must have sailed with Drake in his voyage of circumnavigation, as there is no other way of accounting for his having "thrice passed those Straits."

Thus out of "164 able and sufficient men," we have about one third of them by name; and from a passage in "Barrow's Naval Worthies" we are led to hope, that "twenty-nine" other names will yet be recovered. Should they come to our hand, we may at a future time make an article respecting them also.[O]

FOOTNOTES:

[N] The time of Sir Francis Drake's birth has usually been fixed at 1545; but from genealogical and other investigations, it appears that he must have been born as early as 1537.

[O] Mr. Drake has in a forward state for publication a full account of Admiral Drake and his Voyages, containing some important facts hitherto unpublished.—Editor.

["A LYST OF THE PASINGERS ABORD THE SPEEDWELL OF LONDON, ROBERT LOCK MASTER, BOUND FOR NEW ENGLAND.]

"The persons aboue named past from hence [in] the shipp aboue mentioned, and are, according to order, registred heare. Dated, Searchers office, Grauesend, 30th May, 1656.

EDWARD PELLING, JOHN PHILPOTT.

Searchers.

"Theese were Landed at Boston in N. E. the 27th of the moneth, 1656.

J. E."

["AN EXAMINATION OF THE QUAKERS BEFORE [THE] COURT OF ASSISTANTS, 8 SEPTEMBER, 1656."]

[The following is an exact copy of the original minutes, made at the examination of the Quakers, at the court in Boston above specified. Hutchinson refers to the books of the Court in his account or notice of this affair; but whatever may there be found to justify his remark that the Quakers made "rude and contemptuous answers," no one will allow that any thing of the kind was contained in these original minutes, to justify any such conclusion. They are here presented to illustrate, as far as they may, this dark page of our early history. This document is the more important, as it appears to be one of the earliest, if not the earliest paper in relation to the proceedings against that people. They came into New England in July preceding their apprehension and trial, and were twelve in number. The issue of their examination being matter of history, it will not be necessary to go into the details here. The inquirer after truth may consult Hutchinson, Neal, Hazard, Bishop, and others for them.]

1. Quest. Whither you oune yor selves to be such as are commonly knowne or called by y^e name of Quakers?

Ans^r. Wee are all so called. Wee are all of one minde.

2. Quest. Whither yow brought not ouer hither seuerall bookes wherein are conteyned the seuerall opinions of y^t sect or people. Mary Prince and another.

[Ans.] Yea. those y^t were taken from us.

3. Quest. Wherefore came yow into theise parts?

Ans^r. (by all) To doe y^e will of God w^teuer he should mak knowne to be his will.

4. Quest. How doe yow make it Appeare y^t God called yow hither?

Ans^r. (Dor. Wawgh)[Q] He y^t belieues hath y^e witness in himself.

(Brend.)[R] By the Power of y^e spirit of y^e lord. It was a crosse to my will. I would not haue come but the lord hath brought me downe to oby him in his call.

5. Quest. Doe yow Acknowledg y^e light in every man's Conscienc y^t comes into y^e world is x^t and y^t y^t light would saue him if obeyd?

The Ans^r to y^s in thiere bookes is, The light is but one w^ch is x^t, who enlightnes one, and all are enlightned wth one light, as in the 3^d pag of y^t booke, and in y^e close of y^e booke. Ad: y^t y^s is called y^e light of yo^r Conscienc, the true teacher, and sayd to be the first step to peace, ult verba. Mary Prince Do yow oune the letter yow sent me? which was sheu [blot] hir.

Ans^r. Yes: and sayd it was y^e eternall word of y^e lord wich must stand for euer, and should stand; and sayd further, she wrote this as a prophet, one of y^e lord, and was Guided by y^e Infallible Spirit of y^e lord.

6. Quest. Whether yow oune that the scriptures are the rule of knowing God and living to him?

Ans^r. The eternall word is y^e Rule of theire lines, and not y^e written word: and in Ans^r. to y^e Question propounded from them: That if yow had not the scriptures to direct yow yet yow haue y^t wthin yow wch was before scripture, y^t vould guide you aright.

To wch Mary Prince Ansrd, yea, and y^t it was a sufficyent Guide.

7. Quest. Doe yow Acknowledg y^t x^t is God and man in one pson?

This they will not acknowledg.

8. Quest. Doe yow Acknowledg one God subsisting in three persons—father, sonne and holy Ghost?

Ans^r. They Acknowledg no Trinity of persons.

9. Quest. Whither yow Acknowledg y^t God and man in one person remayne foreuer a distinct pson from God y^e father and God y^e holy Ghost and from y^e saints, notwithstanding theire vnion and comunion wth him?

This they will not Acknowledg.

10. Quest. Doe yow Acknowledg your self a sinner?

This they will not Acknowledg.

11. Quest. Doe yow Acknowledg Baptisme wth water to be an ordjnance of God?

This they will not Acknowledg.

FOOTNOTES:

[P] The eight names against which is the letter Q had a Q set opposite to them in the margin of the original paper containing the account, denoting, as is supposed, that the individuals were Quakers. It is said in Sewall's History of the Quakers that there arrived at Boston two other Quakers in July of this year, namely, Mary Fisher and Ann Austin, who were very ill treated on their arrival, by Gov. Bellingham, though there was yet no law against Quakers.

[Q] Dorothy Waugh.

[R] William Brend, or Brand. See List of Passengers in the Speedwell.

[A COMPLETE LIST OF THE MINISTERS OF BOSTON OF ALL DENOMINATIONS, FROM 1630 TO 1842, ARRANGED IN THE ORDER OF THEIR SETTLEMENT.]

BY JAMES C. ODIORNE, M. A.

(To be continued.)

[A LIST OF NAMES FOUND AMONG THE FIRST SETTLERS OF NEW ENGLAND.]

[Those names which are starred are not contained in Fanner's Genealogical Register, and concerning those which are not starred, additional facts are related. The article is prepared entirely from unpublished manuscripts, by Mr. S. G. Drake.]

Adams Samuel, Chelmsford, authorized to solemnize marriages there, 1664.

Allen, Bozoun, Boston, constable, 1680.

Allin, Onesiphorus,* Ipswich, 1679.

Allyne, Thomas,* Barnstable, 1644, a witness to a sale of land by the Indian Seacunk.

Andrews, Thomas,* and Thomas Jr.,* Dorchester, 1664.

Angier, Andrew, first inhabitant at Dunston, Me.—Arthur, born about 1625.

Annable, Anthony, Barnstable, 1644.

Archard, Samuel,* church member, Salem, 1640.

Ardell, Richard,* Boston, merchant, 1686.

Atwood, John,* ensign, Boston, juror, 1686.

Avery, William* and Jonathan,* members of the church, Dedham, 1677.

Baxter, Daniel, Salem, 1638. Carried the charter of R. Island from Boston to Newport, 1663. [Farmer's MS.]

Bentley, William,* came to New England in the ship Arabella, Richard Sprague master; sailed from Gravesend, May 27, 1671.

Bezbeane, John,* Woburn, 1677.

Berry, Richard,* Medford, 1636.

Blake, Francis,* Dorchester, 1664.—William,*—James, a. 24 in 1677.

Blowers, John, a. 36 in 1663, a lessee of an island in Boston harbor for seven years.

Bott, Isaac,* Boston, 1675.

Bradley, William,* Dorchester, 1664.

Broughton, Thomas, Boston, 1655, petitions general court against imposing duties on importations.

Bull, William, Charlestown, 1638, heard Squaw Sachem say then, that she had given all her lands to Mr. Gibbons; was 43 years of age in 1662.

Capen, Barnard, witnesses the Indian deed of Dorchester, 1671; Samuel,* also a witness to the same.

Carpenter, William, Hingham, 1641, witnessed, and seems to have drawn the deed of a tract of land there from the Indians "to John Tower the elder." His autograph, and the instrument to which it is attached, are a most elegant specimen of the chirography of that age.

Cheever, Ezekiel, married the widow of Capt. Lothrop, who was killed in Sudbury fight, before May 19, 1680.

Child, Richard,* Watertown, juror, 1680.

Church, Garrett, Watertown, 1636, aged 51 in 1662.—Richard, Plymouth, 1631; went there from Wessaguscussett.

Clarke, Jonas, constable of Cambridge, 1680.—Theodore,* York, 1663.

Clay, Nathaniel,* Dorchester, 1664.

Cobb, Henry, Barnstable, 1644.

Cook, George, Colonel. &c., Cambridge, Ms., in which place and vicinity he had large possessions; returned to England in or about the beginning of the Civil War, in which he took a part, went into Ireland, where he was killed in 1652. He was twice married, and left by one of his wives, two daughters: 1. Mary, m. to "her mother's younger brother," Mr. Samuel Annesley, 1681. In 1669 she resided at Martins in the Fields, London; in 1691 she resided with her husband in the city of Westminster. 2. Elizabeth, m. 1st, Rev. John Quick, of St. Giles. Cripple Gate, London, and perhaps, 2ndly, Joseph Cawthorne.

Crispe, Benjamin, "Misticke als Meadforde," 1636.

Curwin, George, Salem, 1682, aged 70; went there near 44 years before.

Cushin, Jeremiah,* Boston, juror, 1680.

Davis, Lawrence,* York, 1663.

Dinsdale, William, aged 47 in 1663. Hired an island of John Leverett, in Boston harbor, for seven years.

Doggett, John, Hingham, 1662, where he witnessed an Indian deed.

Durgie, William,* came to Ipswich, Nov. 9, 1663, and was then 33 years old. Had been in the W. Indies, and came here from thence. Wife, Martha. Perhaps this name is that since written Durgin.

Edgecombe, Miles,* a. 25, 1676. Was at "Black Point the day and tyme when nine of Winterharbor men were fighting with the Indians upon the sands opposite to the said place."

Eedy, John,* Plymouth, left there to reside in Massachusetts, before Feb., 1632.

Euers, Mathias,* Dorchester, 1664.

Everett, John, Chelmsford, 1664, where he is authorized to unite people in marriage.

Foote, Pasco, Salem church, 1640.

Foster, James,* Dorchester, constable, 1680.

Fox, Thomas, Ms., about 52 in 1659, wife, Elinor.

Foxwell, Richard, Dunston, Me., 1654.

Franklin, Benjamin, Boston, before 1678, wife, Katherine.

Friend, John, Salem, church memb., 1640.

Goddard, Giles,* Boston, 1679, had wife and servants.

Gray, John,* buys Nantasket of the Indians, 1622.

Greenleafe, Enoch,* Boston, saddler, 1693.

Greenough, Robert,* Rowley, 1701.

Green, John, Cambridge, juror, 1680. Nathaniel, 1675.