TRANSCRIBER'S NOTE

A superscript number in brackets is a Footnote; a superscript number indicates the generation of the family, for example Joseph,³ is in the third generation of the (Parsons) family.

Obvious typographical errors and punctuation errors have been corrected after careful comparison with other occurrences within the text and consultation of external sources.

On some handheld devices, the large tables are best viewed in landscape mode and a small font size, in order to see all the columns.

More detail can be found at the [end of the book.]

VOL. I. JULY, 1847. NO. 3.
THE
NEW ENGLAND
Historical & Genealogical Register:

PUBLISHED QUARTERLY,
UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE
NEW ENGLAND HISTORIC, GENEALOGICAL SOCIETY.

[CONTENTS.]

(Portrait of John Endecott, Governor.)

NEW ENGLAND

HISTORICAL AND GENEALOGICAL REGISTER.

JULY, 1847.

VOL. I.

NO. 3.

[MEMOIR OF GOVERNOR ENDECOTT.][1]

It is now upwards of two centuries and a quarter since the despotic sway of the English Sovereigns over the consciences of their subjects, induced all who entertained different sentiments from those of the established church, to turn their eyes towards the wilderness of America, as an asylum from the unnatural persecutions of the Mother Country.

With this in view, some of the principal men among those who had already sought a refuge in Holland, commenced treating with the Virginia Company, and at the same time took measures to ascertain whether the King would grant them liberty of conscience should they remove thither. They ultimately effected a satisfactory arrangement with the Company, but from James they could obtain no public recognition of religious liberty, but merely a promise, that if they behaved peaceably he would not molest them on account of their religious opinions.

On the 6th of September, 1620, a detachment from the Church at Leyden set sail from Plymouth for the Virginia territory, but owing to the treachery of the master,[2] they were landed at Cape Cod, and ultimately at Plymouth, on the 11th day of December following. Finding themselves without the jurisdiction of the Virginia Company, they established a distinct government for themselves.

In the year 1624, the success of this plantation was so favorably represented in the West of England, that the Rev. John White, a distinguished minister in Dorchester, prevailed upon some merchants and others to undertake another settlement in New England. Having provided a common stock, they sent over several persons to begin a plantation at Cape Ann, where they were joined by some disaffected individuals from the Plymouth settlement. This project was soon abandoned as unprofitable, and a portion of the settlers removed westward within the territory of Naumkeag, which then included what is now Manchester. By the intercession and great exertions of Mr. White, the project of a settlement in that quarter was not altogether relinquished, but a new company was soon afterwards formed. One of this company, and the principal one to carry its objects into immediate effect, was the subject of this Memoir. He was in the strictest sense of the word a Puritan,—one of a sect composed, as an able foreign writer has said, of the "most remarkable body of men which perhaps the world has ever produced. They were men whose minds had derived a peculiar character from the daily contemplation of superior beings and eternal interests. Not content with acknowledging in general terms an overruling Providence, they habitually ascribed every event to the will of the Great Being for whose power nothing was too vast, for whose inspection nothing was too minute. To know him, to serve him, to enjoy him, was with them the great end of existence. They rejected with contempt the ceremonious homage which other sects substituted for the homage of the soul. On the rich and the eloquent, on nobles and priests, they looked down with contempt; for they esteemed themselves rich in a more precious treasure, and eloquent in a more sublime language; nobles by the right of an earlier creation, and priests by the imposition of a mightier hand."

John Endecott, whose name is so intimately associated with the first settlement of this country, and with whose early history his own is so closely interwoven, that, in the language of the late Rev. Dr. Bentley,[3] "above all others he deserved the name of the Father of New England," was born in Dorchester, Dorsetshire, England, in the year 1588. He was a man of good intellectual endowments and mental culture, and of a fearless and independent spirit, which well fitted him for the various and trying duties he was destined to perform. Of his early life, and private and domestic character, little is known; neither are we much better informed as to his parentage, except that his family was of respectable standing and moderate fortunes. He belonged to that class in England called esquires, or gentlemen, composed mostly at that period of the independent landholders of the realm. With the exception, therefore, of a few leading incidents, we are reluctantly obliged to pass over nearly the whole period of Mr. Endecott's life, previous to his engaging in the enterprise for the settlement of New England. History is almost silent upon the subject, and the tradition of the family has been but imperfectly transmitted and preserved. His letters, the only written productions which are left us, furnish internal evidence that he was a man of liberal education and cultivated mind. There are proofs of his having been, at some period of his life, a surgeon;[4] yet, as he is always alluded to, in the earliest records of the Massachusetts Company, by the title of Captain, there can be no doubt whatever that at some time previous to his emigration to this country, he had held a commission in the army; and his subsequently passing through the several military grades to that of Sergeant Major-General of Massachusetts, justifies this conclusion, while the causes which led to this change in his profession cannot now be ascertained.

While a resident in London, he married a lady of an influential family, by the name of Anna Gouer, by whom, it is understood, he had no children. She was cousin to Matthew Cradock, the Governor of the Massachusetts Company in England. If tradition be correct, the circumstances which brought about this connection were similar to those which are related of John Alden and Miles Standish. Some needle-work, wrought by this lady, is still preserved in the Museum of the Salem East India Marine Society.[5] Mr. Endecott was also a brother-in-law of Roger Ludlow, Assistant and Deputy Governor of Massachusetts Colony, in the year 1634, and afterwards famous for the distinguished part he took in the government of Connecticut.

But Mr. Endecott's highest claim to distinction rests upon the fact that he was an intrepid and successful leader of the Pilgrims, and the earliest pioneer of the Massachusetts settlement under the Patent. His name is found enrolled among the very foremost of that noble band, the fathers and founders of New England—those pious and devout men, who, firm in the faith of the gospel, and trusting in God, went fearlessly forward in the daring enterprise, and hewed their homes and their altars out of the wild forest, where they could worship "the God of their fathers agreeably to the dictates of their own consciences." Such was the persecution to which the Non-conformists in England were at this period subjected, that the works of nature were the only safe witnesses of their devotions. Deriving no honor, so far as we know, from illustrious ancestry, Mr. Endecott was the architect of his own fame, and won the laurels which encircle his name amid sacrifices, sufferings, and trials, better suited to adorn an historical romance, than to accompany a plain tale of real life.

Under the guidance and influence of the Rev. Mr. Skelton, he embraced the principles of the Puritans; and in the beginning of the year 1628, associated himself with Sir Henry Roswell, Sir John Young, Simon Whetcomb, John Humphrey, and Thomas Southcoat, in the purchase of a grant, "by a considerable sum of money," for the settlement of the Massachusetts Bay, from the Plymouth Council in England. This grant was subsequently confirmed by Patent from Charles I. Mr. Endecott was one of the original patentees, and among the first of that company who emigrated to this country.

Whatever may have been the objects of the first settlers generally in colonizing New England, there can be no doubt that his was the establishment and enjoyment of the gospel and its ordinances, as he supposed, in primitive purity, unmolested. With him it was wholly a religious enterprise.

He sailed from Weymouth, in the ship Abigail, Henry Gauden, master, on the 20th of June, 1628, and arrived in safety at Naumkeag, the place of his destination, on the 6th of September following. The company consisted of about one hundred planters.

The following extract from "Johnson's Wonder-Working Providence" will illustrate the estimation in which he was held at this period. "The much honored John Indicat came over with them, to governe; a fit instrument to begin this Wildernesse-worke; of courage bold, undaunted, yet sociable, and of a cheerfull spirit, loving and austere, applying himselfe to either as occasion served. And now let no man be offended at the Author's rude Verse, penned of purpose to keepe in memory the Names of such worthies as Christ made strong for himselfe, in this unwonted worke of his.

"John Endicat, twice Governur of the English, inhabiting the Mattachusets Bay in N. England.

"Strong valiant John, wilt thou march on, and take up station first,

Christ cal'd hath thee, his Souldier be, and faile not of thy trust;

Wilderness wants Christs grace supplants, then plant his Churches pure,

With Tongues gifted, and graces led, help thou to his procure;

Undaunted thou wilt not allow, Malignant men to wast:

Christs Vineyard heere, whose grace should cheer his well-beloved's tast.

Then honored be, thy Christ hath thee their General promoted:

To shew their love in place above, his people have thee voted.

Yet must thou fall, to grave with all the Nobles of the Earth.

Thou rotting worme to dust must turn, and worse but for new birth."

To this company, under Endecott, belongs the honor of having formed the first permanent and legally recognized settlement of the Massachusetts Colony. We do not say that they were the first white men who ever trod the soil; for we know when Endecott landed on these shores, he found here a few fishermen and others, the remnant of a planting, trading, and fishing establishment, previously commenced at Cape Ann, under the auspices of some gentlemen belonging to Dorchester, his native place, but soon abandoned for want of success. Their leader, the Rev. John Lyford, had already emigrated to Virginia, and those of that company who removed their effects to Salem, consisted at that time of some five or six persons, most of whom were seceders from the settlement at Plymouth. They were, however, only sojourners, disaffected with the place, and requiring all the interest and entreaties of the Rev. John White, a noted minister in Dorchester, to prevent them from forsaking it altogether, and following Mr. Lyford to Virginia.[6] But higher motives and deeper purposes fired the souls and stimulated the hearts of Mr. Endecott and his friends to commence a settlement, and to form new homes for themselves and their posterity in this wilderness, before which the mere considerations of traffic and gain sink into comparative insignificance. It was the love of religion implanted deep in the heart, that gave impulse and permanency to the settlement at Naumkeag, and the Massachusetts Colony generally; and the commencement of this era was the arrival of Endecott with the first detachment of those holy and devout men who valued earthly pursuits only so far as they were consistent with religion. It was also at this period that a sort of definite reality was imparted to this region. Previously to this it had been viewed as a sort of terra incognita, situated somewhere in the wilderness of America. But the arrival of the Pilgrims at this time dispelled the uncertainty in which it had before been wrapped, and at the same time threw around it the warmest sympathies and most earnest solicitude of large numbers who had now become deeply interested in its welfare. We, therefore, consider the landing of Endecott at this place, as emphatically the commencement of its permanent settlement, as an asylum for the persecuted and oppressed of the Mother Country. All previous visitors were comparatively adventurers, with motives and purposes widely different from those of that little band who first rested upon this spot on the 6th of September, 1628. On that day, so to speak, was breathed into the settlement of Naumkeag the breath of life, and it became as it were endued with a living soul, folding within its embrace the dearest interests and most cherished rights of humanity, unrivalled in the interest she will ever excite as the most ancient town in the Massachusetts Patent.

On Mr. Endecott's arrival, he made known to the planters who preceded him, that he and his associate patentees had purchased all the property and privileges of the Dorchester partners, both here and at Cape Ann. He shortly after removed from the latter place, for his own private residence, the frame house, which a few years before had been erected there by the Dorchester Company. It was a tasteful edifice, of two stories high, and of the prevailing order of architecture at that period, called the Elisabethean, which was but of slight remove from the Gothic. Some of its hard oak frame may still be found in the building at the corner of Washington and Church streets, Salem, commonly known at this day as the "Endicott House."

The alteration which now took place in the affairs of the infant colony did not meet with favor from the first planters, and for a while prevented perfect harmony from prevailing in the settlement. "One of the subjects of discord was the propriety of raising tobacco, Mr. Endecott and his council believing such a production, except for medicinal purposes, injurious both to health and morals." Besides this, they probably viewed with no favorable eye the agreement in sentiment between Mr. Endecott and the Plymouth Church as to the propriety of abolishing the ritual forms of worship of the Church of England; for an adherence to which they had already been obliged to leave the Plymouth settlement. Mr. Endecott represented these difficulties to the home government; and in answer to his communication they say, "That it may appear as well to all the worlde as to the old planters themselves, that we seke not to make them slaves, as it seems by your letter some of them think themselves to be become by means of our patent, they are allowed to be partakers with us in all the privileges we have with so much labor and intercession obtained from the King; to be incorporated into the society, and enjoy not only those lands which formerly they have manured, but such a further proportion as the civil authorities think best." They were also allowed the exclusive privilege of raising their favorite weed—tobacco.

The Company's Court in London, actuated by that true sense of justice which ever marked its deliberations, were determined not to trespass on any of the rights of the aborigines; and to this purpose in their first two communications to Mr. Endecott, they desired him to take especial care, "that no wrong or injury be offered by any of our people to the natives there," and to satisfy every just claim which might be made by them to the territory of Naumkeag and the plantation generally. To this record the sons of the Pilgrims have ever turned with peculiar pride and exultation. And, says Felt, "From his well-known promptitude and high sense of equity, there can be no doubt that Mr. Endecott fulfilled every iota of such instructions." In his first letters to the home government, he suggested various things to advance the interests of the Colony; such as the manufacture of salt, cultivation of vineyards, sending over fruit-stones and kernels, grain for seed, wheat, barley, and rye; also certain domesticated animals; all of which were shortly after transported to this country.

The answer to this letter bears the date of April 19, 1629, wherein they inform him, that the Company "are much enlarged since his departure out of England," and for strengthening their grant from the Council at Plymouth, they had obtained a confirmation of it from his Majesty by his Letters Patent, under the broad seal of England; incorporating them into a body politic, with ample powers to govern and rule all his Majesty's subjects that reside within the limits of their plantation; and that, in prosecution of the good opinion they have always entertained of him, they have confirmed him Governor of the Colony. No adventitious circumstances of fortune or birth aided him in his appointment to this, even then responsible office; for although the Colony was at this time few in numbers and feeble in effort, yet in its success were involved the most momentous interests, and every thing depended upon the right impulse and direction being given to its affairs. In the words of the Record, "having taken into due consideration the meritt, worth, and good desert of Captain John Endecott, and others lately gone over from hence, with purpose to resyde and continue there, wee have with full consent and authoritie of this Court, and ereccon of hands, chosen and elected the said Captain John Endecott to the place of present Governour of said Plantation." They further speak of the confidence they repose in him, in thus committing the affairs of the Colony into his hands. Gov. Cradock also compliments him upon his motives and conduct; and the Company inform him, that they are disappointed of the provisions ordered to be sent for himself and Mrs. Endecott, but (God willing,) they purpose to send them by the next vessel. It is also believed that at this time Mr. Endecott ordered the fruit-trees, which afterwards constituted his orchard upon the farm granted him in 1632, of which one venerable patriarch, the celebrated old pear-tree, yet remains, having withstood the "peltings of pitiless storms" for upwards of two hundred winters, and still dropping down its rich fruit into the bosoms of his distant descendants.

In a second letter, dated the 28th of May following, the Company remark: "Wee have sithence our last, and according as we there advised, at a full and ample Court assembled elected and established you, Captain John Endecott, to the place of present Governour of our Plantation there, as also some others to be of the Council with you, as more particularly you will perceive by an Act of Court herewith sent, confirmed by us at a General Court and sealed with our common seal."

The model of the Government established by this "Act of Court," consisted of a Governor, and twelve persons as a Council, styled "The Governour and Council of London's Plantation in the Mattachusetts Bay in New England." They were to elect a Deputy-Governor, for the time being, from among their number; were authorized also to choose a Secretary and other needful officers. They were empowered to fill vacancies in their body, occasioned by death or otherwise. The Governor, or in his absence the Deputy, might call Courts at pleasure, and they had power to establish any laws not at variance with those of England; "to administer justice upon malefactors, and inflict condign punishment upon all offenders." To make an act valid, the Governor or his Deputy was always to vote with the majority. A form of oath was sent over at this time to be administered to Mr. Endecott as Governor, and one also for the other officers of the government. He took the oath and was inducted into office. Here, then, we conceive, is direct and incontrovertible testimony that Endecott was appointed the first Governor of Massachusetts under its Colonial Charter from the King. It is so stated by Joselyn, Hutchinson, and Prince. He received the Charter, and the documentary evidence of his constitutional authority as Governor, both at the same time. To Mr. Endecott was given, to act under it, all the powers which his immediate successors ever exercised. They were conferred upon him too, by the same body who subsequently elected Mr. Winthrop to that office. The abolishment of the board of control in England, and the transfer of "the government of the plantation to those that shall inhabit there," and instead of choosing the Colonial Governors in Old England by members of the Company there, to choose them by members of the same Company who were in New England, could not weaken the validity of his claim to be considered the first Governor of the Massachusetts Colony.

It was well for Mr. Endecott that he possessed an ardent and sanguine temperament, which nothing could daunt, otherwise the innumerable discouraging circumstances which met him in this, his new abode, in every form, amid sickness, death, and privations of every kind, well suited to appal the stoutest hearts, would no doubt have wrought their effects upon him, to the prejudice of the whole plantation. But such was the energy and firmness of his character, aided, no doubt, by a religious enthusiasm, which induced the belief that it was the purpose of God to give them the land of the heathen as an inheritance, that neither his faith nor confidence in the ultimate success of the undertaking ever for a moment forsook him. In every crisis, this little band looked to him, as the weather-beaten and tempest-tossed mariner looks to his commander, next to God, for encouragement and support; and they did not look in vain. Such was the great mortality among them, during the first winter after their arrival, arising from exposure to the rigors of an untried climate, and their being badly fed and badly lodged, that there were scarcely found in the settlement well persons enough to nurse and console the sick. To enhance their distress, they were destitute of any regular medical assistance. In this painful dilemma a messenger was despatched by Mr. Endecott to Gov. Bradford, of the Plymouth settlement, to procure the necessary aid; and Doctor Samuel Fuller, the physician, who was a prominent member and deacon of the Plymouth Church, was sent among them. During his visit, Mr. Endecott was called by Divine Providence to suffer one of the heaviest of earthly afflictions, in the death of his wife, the partner of all his sorrows, who had forsaken home, kindred, and the sympathy of friends, and consented to share with him the cares and privations incident to a new settlement. Surrounded by savages, and from the circumstances of the case, placed in a great degree beyond the pale of civilized society, her sympathy and counsel must necessarily have been very dear to him. She must have entwined herself about his affections, as the tender ivy winds itself round the lordly oak. Her slender and delicate frame was not proof against the rigors of a New England climate. Born and nurtured in the midst of luxury and ease, she could not withstand the privations and hardships of her new home, and she fell a victim to her self-sacrificing disposition. Painful indeed must have been the parting, and severe the trial to Mr. Endecott. Under the influence of the feelings which this affliction produced, he wrote the following letter to Gov. Bradford:—

"Right Worshipfulle Sir,—

"It is a thing not usual that servants of one Master, and of the same household, should be strangers. I assure you I desire it not; Nay, to speak more plainly, I cannot be so to you. God's people are all marked with one and the same mark, and have for the main one and the same heart, guided by one and the same spirit of truth; and where this is there can be no discord, nay, here must needs be a sweet harmony; and the same request with you, I make unto the Lord, that we as Christian brethren be united by an heavenly and unfeigned love, binding all our hearts and forces in furthering a work beyond our strength with reverence and fear, fastening our eyes always on Him that is only able to direct and prosper all our ways. I acknowledge myself much bound to you, for your kind love and care in sending Mr. Fuller amongst us, and rejoice much that I am by him satisfied, touching your judgment of the outward form of God's worship: It is as far as I can gather no other than is warranted by the evidence of truth, and the same which I have professed and maintained ever since the Lord in mercy revealed himself unto mee, being far from the common report that hath been spread of you in that particular; but God's people must not look for less here below, and it is a great mercy of God that he strengtheneth them to go through it. I shall not need at this time to enlarge unto you for (God willing) I propose to see your face shortly; in the mean tyme, I humbly take my leave of you, committing you to the Lord's blessing and protection, and rest.

Your assured loving friend,
Jo: Endecott.

Naumkeag, May 11, 1629."

The foregoing epistle is alike honorable to the head and heart of Mr. Endecott. Humble, devout, and chastened feelings pervade it throughout. It speaks a mind sensibly alive to religious impressions. The sentiments here expressed cannot fail to find a response in the hearts of all reflecting men, in this and succeeding generations. The magnitude of the undertaking in which they were engaged, the necessity of union in their efforts, and the impossibility of success without direct divine assistance, are here represented in language appropriate and devout.

Whether Mr. Endecott carried into execution his design intimated in this letter, of making Gov. Bradford a visit "shortly," is uncertain. On the 27th of May, 1629, in a communication to the authorities at home, he complained that some persons in his jurisdiction disregarded the law of 1622, for the regulation of trade with the Indians, and "desiring the Company would take the same into their serious consideration, and to use some speedy means here for reformation thereof." A petition was in consequence presented to the King, who in compliance therewith issued a new proclamation, forbidding such disorderly trading. These steps were no doubt taken in reference to the associates of one Thomas Morton, whose residence at Mount Wollaston, or Merry Mount, now Quincy, he visited shortly after his arrival in this country. This man and his associates had alarmed all the well-disposed settlers, from Piscataqua to Plymouth, by selling arms and ammunition to the Indians, indulging themselves in dissipation, and otherwise endangering the peace and welfare of New England. The object of Mr. Endecott's visit was to rectify abuses among the remaining confederates, Morton himself having been already apprehended, and sent home to England for trial. He went there, we are told, in the "purefying spirit of authority," and caused their May-pole to be cut down, to which they had been in the habit of affixing pieces of satirical composition against those who opposed their wishes and practices, and "rebuked the inhabitants for their profaneness, and admonished them to look to it that they walked better." He also changed the name of the place, and called it Mount Dagon. The precise period of this visit is not known, and it is not improbable that Mr. Endecott extended his journey at the time to Plymouth Colony. However this may be, a warm friendship soon grew up between Gov. Bradford and himself, which continued without interruption for the remainder of their lives.

As yet no steps had been taken in the Colony towards the establishment of a reformed Church for propagating the gospel, which they professed above all to be their aim in settling this Plantation. June 30th, 1629, the Rev. Francis Higginson arrived at Naumkeag, and the Rev. Mr. Skelton, the early friend and spiritual father of Mr. Endecott, arrived about the same time. They had been sent over by the home government. Mr. Higginson thus speaks of his reception by Mr. Endecott: "The next morning (30th) the Governor came aboard to our ship, and bade us kindly welcome, and invited mee and my wiffe to come on shore and take our lodgings at his house; which we did accordingly." The settlement, we are told, then consisted of "about half a score of houses, with a fair house, newly built, for the Governor. We found also abundance of corne planted by them, very good and well liking. Our Governor hath a store of green pease growing in his garden, as good as ever I eat in England. * * * * Our Governor hath already planted a vineyard, with great hopes of increase; also mulberries, plums, raspberries, currants, chesnuts, filberts, walnuts, small nuts, hurtleberries, and haws of white thorn, near as good as our cherries in England—they grow in plenty here."

Shortly after the arrival of Mr. Higginson and Mr. Skelton, the necessary measures were taken preparatory to the settlement of a religious congregation in accordance with the views of the Puritans. In this they were aided by Mr. Endecott, and the most intelligent of the colonists. Having first concluded a satisfactory form of church government and discipline, which was submitted to Mr. Endecott for approval, the 6th of August, 1629, just eleven months after his arrival, was the time selected for this "little band of devout Pilgrims to enter into solemn covenant[7] with God and one another, and also for the ordaining of their ministers." By Mr. Endecott's order, a solemn day of "humiliation" had been held on the 20th of July preceding, for the choice of pastor and teacher. An important step was about to be taken—a new priesthood was about to be established—all allegiance to, or alliance with, any other church on earth was about to be dissolved! It was a subject of momentous concern with the Colonists, and called into exercise all their moral heroism and spiritual courage. Mr. Bradford, the Governor of the Plymouth Colony, came here by sea, and arrived just in season to give the right hand of fellowship. Of all that little band, gathered together on this occasion, none felt a deeper interest, or took a more responsible part, than the subject of this Memoir.[8]

We now approach an important event in the history of the Colony—the removal of its entire government to New England. Gov. Cradock, with whom the idea appears to have originated, acquainted the Proprietors, at a meeting of the Court, July 28, 1629, that, for the purpose of advancing the interests of the Plantation, and inducing and encouraging persons of worth and quality to transport themselves and their families thither, as well as for other weighty reasons, it was proposed to transfer the entire government to this country, and continue it no longer in subjection to the Company in England. Soon after this communication, an agreement to that effect was drawn up at Cambridge, and among those who signed it was their future governor, John Winthrop. It was one of the stipulations that they should settle their affairs so as to be ready for the voyage hither by the first of March. This appears to have been the first connection Mr. Winthrop had with the settlement of this soil. On the 29th of August following, at a meeting of the Court of Proprietors, in London, this change in the government was decided upon. On the 16th of October, at another meeting of the Court, it was conceived "fitt that Capt. Endecott continue the government there, unless just cause to the contrarie." But on the 20th of the same month, Gov. Cradock informed the Proprietors that in accordance with the alteration of the government now about to take place, it was necessary to elect a new Governor, Deputy, and Assistants; when John Winthrop was put in nomination, and unanimously chosen Governor. In like manner, John Humphrey was chosen "Deputy-Governor," and Sir Richard Saltonstall, Matthew Cradock, John Endecott, with fifteen others, were chosen a board of "Assistants."

On the 12th of June, 1630, the ship Arbella, Capt. Milburne, having on board Gov. Winthrop and company, and a duplicate Charter of the Colony, of the same tenor and form as Gov. Endecott's, arrived at Naumkeag, having sailed from Cowes March 29. Mr. Endecott, who had already been apprized that he was shortly to be superseded in the Governorship of the Plantation, repaired on board to welcome the new Governor, and offer him and his friends the hospitalities of his house. Among the distinguished personages were Isaac Johnson and his wife, the Lady Arbella, daughter of the Earl of Lincoln. Speaking of Mr. Endecott's visit, Gov. Winthrop says, "Wee that were of the Assistants and some other gentlemen and some of the women, returned with him to Nahumkeck, where we supped on good venison pastry and good beer." At the time of the arrival of the new Governor, wholesome and salutary laws for the government of the Colony had been instituted by Endecott, under the authority given him by the Charter, and the settlement had already assumed the condition of a well-organized and regulated body politic. A church, with faithful ministers, which they professed to value above all temporal interests and earthly grandeur, had also been established, and the wheels of government were moving on harmoniously, upon a safe and sure foundation. Under this state of things, Endecott now surrendered the civil power into the hands of Gov. Winthrop, and took upon himself the more humble appointment of one of the Assistants. Yet "the principles of Winthrop's administration," says the Annalist of Salem, "were like those which had directed the course of his predecessor. The commencement of legislation, which was to have an important part in promoting social freedom, that has spread and is spreading in the world, began at Naumkeag, under Endecott, and was continued by his worthy successor."

Soon after the arrival of Gov. Winthrop, the new settlers began to be dissatisfied with Salem, as the capital of the Colony. It did not combine, in their opinion, sufficient advantages of location, soil, and natural means of defence. A party, therefore, was sent to explore the country westward, to discover, if possible, some more suitable situation. It had been the darling object with Endecott to make Salem the seat of government; he, however, bowed in submission, and continued his efforts to advance the common weal.

On the 18th of August, 1630, Gov. Endecott entered into a new matrimonial alliance with Elisabeth Gibson of Cambridge, England. This lady probably came over in the ship with Gov. Winthrop, and the marriage ceremony was performed by him and the Rev. Mr. Wilson, afterwards pastor of the first church in Boston. This connection appears to have been a happy one, although there was a much greater disparity in their ages than prudence and judgment would seem to allow—the difference being about twenty-six years.

Such was his ardent and growing attachment to the place of his adoption, that when it was decided in December, 1630, to fortify Newton, now Cambridge, for the seat of government, and to build houses, and move their military stores to that place next spring, he could not be prevailed upon to quit his accustomed residence. All the members, except himself and Mr. Sharp, who was about returning to England, agreed to do so; but Mr. Endecott excused himself upon the ground that he had so formed his connections in Salem, that it would be attended with great inconvenience.

On the 3rd of July, 1632, the Court of Assistants granted Mr. Endecott three hundred acres of land, called by the Indians in English, "Birchwood," afterwards known as his "Orchard Farm." It was situated between two and three miles in a northerly direction from the main settlement at Salem, upon a tongue of land bounded on the north, south, and east by rivers, or more properly inlets of the sea, and on the west by the main land. Even at that early period, it was one of the most desirable situations in that vicinity. Though at some distance from the place which was afterwards selected for the seat of the government, and where the Court House was erected, yet he was in the centre of the population, being by land nearer to the shores than he was to the cultivated farms around him. It was many years after he established himself at this beautiful place, so near all the streams which passed through the adjacent country, before any incorporation separated Salem from the Merrimack. For twenty years Salem bounded on Andover. The spot then was the best he could have chosen. On a commanding eminence, which overlooked the country for some distance around, and about one eighth of a mile from one of the inlets, he built his house, and commenced in earnest the cultivation of his farm. Although the ploughshare has frequently passed over it, yet part of the cellar of this house is plainly discernible at the present day. It is a romantic situation, and denotes him to have been a man of much discrimination and taste in matters of this kind. On his farm he lived in a sort of feudal style, surrounded by his servants.

In front of his mansion house, and immediately upon the southern slope of a gentle declivity, he planted his far-famed orchard, which gave the name to his farm. The tradition that the Governor always pointed out his dial, which bears the date of 1630, as denoting the age of his orchard, seems to indicate that the trees were removed hither from his town residence. Here, too, it is said, he introduced, for medicinal purposes, as well as ornament to his garden, the "white-weed," which has since become so detrimental to the hay-fields of our farmers.

His usual mode of transporting himself and family to and from this place, was at first by water, and he was as often visited by his friends in this way, as in any other. The inlet before the mansion house had nothing to interrupt it—the passage was open to the bay, and at that early period must have been delightfully romantic. The shores on either side thickly clothed with wood, whose dark images were reflected in the still waters beneath them, were picturesque in the extreme. The bold jutting headlands, on some parts of the passage, lent a sublimity to the prospect, which was continually varying by the winding and circuitous course of the stream.[9] There was nothing to break the stillness, or disturb the quiet which reigned around, save the dashings of their own little boat amid the waters, or the heavy plunge of some lordly sea-bird, in his gyratory wanderings in pursuit of prey. The smoke from the humble and solitary wigwams of the Indians, thinly scattered along the margin of the waters, with an occasional glimpse at their tawny inhabitants, as they stealthily watched the passing boat from their leafy hiding-places, or listlessly reclined under the shadow of some wide-spreading oak, heightened the effect, and diversified the scene. Within the last half-century, the ruins of some of these wigwams might have been seen,[10] and could not have failed to excite most melancholy reflections respecting the wretched fate of these natural lords of the soil, throughout our vast country.

August 2, 1634, Mr. Endecott was called to mourn the death of his early and particular friend, the Rev. Mr. Skelton, who had become endeared to him as his spiritual guide, in first opening to his view the way of truth while in England, and who had followed him to this country to counsel and direct him in paths of piety and happiness. This event must have been to him a severe affliction.

About this time a Military Board of Commissioners, with almost unlimited powers, was established by the General Court, and Mr. Endecott was appointed one of its members.

On the 18th of September, this same year, the Colony was thrown into consternation, and alarmed for its liberties, by the news from England, that a commission had been granted to two Archbishops, and ten others of the Council, conferring on them the authority to regulate the Plantations of New England; to establish and maintain the Episcopal Church in this country; to recall its Charter; remove its Governors; make its laws; hear and decide its legal cases; and appoint its punishments, even death itself.[11] Intelligence was also received at the same time, that a new Governor was being secretly conveyed to Massachusetts, with orders which, if executed, would prostrate all its civil and ecclesiastical rights. Gov. Cradock had already informed them that the King's Council had demanded their Charter. Such was the universal anxiety this news awakened, that the idea of resistance appears immediately to have possessed the minds of the inhabitants,[12] and the fortifications were hastened forward, and an assessment laid of an additional rate of five hundred pounds for defence. These tidings were received with indignant feelings by Mr. Endecott. He saw by this step that all their dear-bought privileges, purchased at such immense sacrifices, which none could better appreciate than himself, were about to be violently, as with a ruthless despotism, wrested from them. His independent spirit could not quietly brook such high-handed infringements upon their chartered rights, and he resolved in all the affairs of the Colony, in which he had any share or influence, to pursue that course which he deemed most for her interests, whether it led him over plains or mountains, through flowers or thorns. There was exhibited in his actions, on all occasions, a fortitude, which shows him formed for great emergencies. Probably under the influence of feelings produced by this intelligence, and excited by that ardent zeal which marked his character through life, he shortly after cut the red cross from the King's colors, deeming it a relic of Popish idolatry. This bold and daring act was considered an insult, as well to the established Church of England, as to the King himself; and the Colony dared not refrain from taking cognizance of it, lest it should call down upon their heads the vengeance of the whole British hierarchy. There is ample evidence in the records of the Colony, that most of the principal men, including Governor Winthrop,[13] agreed with him on this subject, in sentiment and feeling. "The only difference between him and others was, he manifested his opinions by his acts, while they, with more prudence and safety, retained theirs in secret." Had it not been for fear of the consequences, instead of being censured, his conduct would have been openly applauded. His boldness of action was made known in England, and looked upon there in the light of rebellion. It was the first blow struck in defiance of royal authority, and would no doubt have cost Mr. Endecott his life, had it not been for those troubles which were then beginning to gather thickly, like a tempest, about the devoted head of the unfortunate Charles I., and which eventually burst upon it with a fury which nothing could resist, involving in its course the ruin of his government, and the destruction of his own life. The sword, with which this rebellious act is said to have been performed by Mr. Endecott, has been preserved, and is now in possession of one of the family, to whom it has descended in direct line, by right of primogeniture. It is a plain, unornamented rapier, emblematical of the Puritan simplicity of our Forefathers.

While these events were passing in this country, the Puritans in England were experiencing the most unmitigated persecution, at the hand of Archbishop Laud and his confederates. As their numbers increased, the various modes of punishment were multiplied; exorbitant fines were imposed; the pillory witnessed bloody scenes of human agony and mutilation; the scaffold and dungeon had their victims; the lash, the shears, and the glowing iron were most cruelly applied to individuals of this proscribed sect.[14] But the faith of the Puritans rose superior to oppression, and could not be overcome. The most bloody persecution served only to add new converts to their cause.

In 1636, Mr. Endecott was appointed an Assistant, and was also sent on an expedition against the Indians on Block Island and in the Pequot country, he acting as General of all the forces in the detachment. During this year his views relative to the cross in the King's colors triumphed over all considerations, and the Military Commissioners ordered it to be left out. On the ensigns at Castle Island, in Boston harbor, they substituted the King's arms for the cross.

During the year 1641, Mr. Endecott was chosen Deputy-Governor, and was continued in office for the two succeeding years. He was also appointed one of a committee to dispose of all lands or other property belonging to the company at Cape Ann; and was commissioned by the Court, in conjunction with two others, Mr. Downing, the brother-in-law of Gov. Winthrop, and Mr. Hathorne, to procure the transcription of nineteen copies of the laws, liberties, and forms of oaths, and to subscribe them with their own hands, the Court having decreed that no copies should be considered authentic which were without their signatures.

In 1642, he was chosen one of the Corporation of Harvard College.

Passing over some minor things in the life of Governor Endecott, we arrive at the year 1644, when his increasing influence and popularity ensured his election as Governor, and Mr. Winthrop was chosen Deputy-Governor. The claim of Salem to be made the seat of government, was now again revived, and it would be fair to infer from his well-known attachment to the place, that the project met with his hearty coöperation. But the effort was not successful, and Boston still continued to be the capital. The Governor's salary was one hundred pounds.

During this year of his administration, improvements in the mode of transacting business in the Legislature were introduced. The Magistrates and Deputies, for the first time, now held their sessions apart, and it required the concurrence of both bodies, to make an act valid. The office of a speaker to the Deputies was also this year ordained, and filled by an Essex man, Mr. William Hathorne.

The conflicting claims of D'Aulney and La Tour, two Frenchmen at Acadia, which had produced considerable excitement, were finally settled during this year, by the government of France supporting the claim of D'Aulney. His deputy came to Boston, and concluded a treaty with Gov. Endecott, which was subsequently ratified by the Commissioners of the United Colonies of New England.

The year following, (1645) Mr. Endecott was succeeded as Governor by Mr. Dudley. Other offices of honor and trust, however, awaited him. He was this year appointed Sergeant Major-General of Massachusetts, the highest military office in the Colony. He had previously held a commission of Colonel in the first regiment formed in Salem, Saugus, Ipswich, and Newbury, in 1636, when John Winthrop, Jr., son of the Governor, was his Lieutenant-Colonel. He was also elected an Assistant, and one of the United Commissioners.

In 1648, he was continued an Assistant, Sergeant Major-General, and Commissioner for the Province.

Upon the death of Governor Winthrop, which took place on the 26th of March, 1649, at the age of 61, Mr. Endecott was again chosen Governor, to which office he was annually elected until the time of his death, with the exception of the years 1650 and 1654, when he held that of Deputy-Governor. This was an eventful period in the history of the Colony, as well as of the Mother Country. The violent death of Charles I., the usurpation of Cromwell, and the restoration of the Stuart family, took place while he was at the head of public affairs. The difficulties and perplexities of his situation during this period were very great. But all his public acts were marked with a moderation and wisdom which do honor to him as an experienced statesman. Had he possessed less integrity or firmness, had his mind been at all vacillating, the consequences might have been affectingly disastrous to the best interests of the Colony.

In the year 1652, under his administration, a mint was established in the Colony, for coining shillings, six-pences, and three-pences. No other of the American Colonies, it is believed, ever presumed to coin metal into money. Though unlawful, it was passed over by Cromwell and the Parliament, and continued after the Restoration, for more than twenty years.

About the year 1655, Gov. Endecott removed from Salem to Boston, upon the request of the General Court that he would do so, "if his own necessary occasions would permit." Although the reasonableness of this request must have been apparent to him, the step could not have been taken without strong feelings of repugnance. It must have been a severe struggle for him to have separated himself from the place of his adoption, towards which he had ever felt and exhibited the most ardent attachment. His residence in Boston was on the beautiful lot lately owned and occupied by Gardner Green, now Pemberton Square.[15]

Governor Endecott had now (1657) entered upon his seventieth year, with a shattered constitution, and health seriously impaired, as we learn by the following letter to Mr. John Leverett, the Colonial Agent in England.

Sir,

I cannot write unto you by a more faithful friend[16] than I have done, who is able at large, to relate to you how things in general stand here. And that doth save mee some labour which at this tyme is a favor to mee. For in the extremity of heate and after a long sickness, I am very faint; not fitt to doe any thing, yet I cannot but by these heartilie salute you in the Lord, giving you many thanks for what you sent me. For all good newes is welcome to us as you know full well. Yet I cannot for the present answer your expectations touching Road Island and Clarke and Holmes, but I have acquainted the rest of the Magistrates with your letter, who were already to gather up sufficient testimonie to prove what you spoke to the Protector, and enough to satisfy (we doubt not) your opponent, if he be a lover of truth. Only we would have the General Court act with us therein, which will not meet till September next, when I hope I shall procure a full answer to your former and last letters.

What the end is of that point of State to make the Protector King, I cannot fathom it; unless their proffering and his deniall thereof ingratiate him the more in the hearts of the people. The Lord in mercie guide all to his glory, and the good of those commonwealths over whom he hath sett him. If there be any opportunitie I pray you write mee a word about it, and other occurrences that may fall out. I cannot be sufficientlie thankefulle for what you wrote me last. Great motions there are in the world which the Lord direct and turn to his glorie, the overthrow of his enemies and the peace and welfare of his own people. Which is the prayer of Sir,

Your verie loveing friend and servant,
Jo: Endecott.

Boston, the 29th 4th mo., (June,) 1657.

During the principal part of Gov. Endecott's administration, and particularly from 1655 to 1660, the Colony, "under his prudent and equal government," made rapid progress in all things necessary to its respectability and importance. Its population and wealth rapidly increased; its trade flourished; and its foreign intercourse became every day more widely extended. Free admission was allowed to vessels of all nations, and the importations of all commodities was subject to no incumbrance or restraint. The Colony took no notice of any act respecting navigation, or other laws made in England for the regulation of trade. They were never recognized as in force here, unless required by their own legislature.

In 1658, the Court granted Gov. Endecott, "for his great service, the fourth part of Block Island." At this time he was also elected President of the body of Colonial Commissioners. He now held the double office of Governor of Massachusetts and President of the United Colonies.

His conduct towards the aborigines, that much abused and injured people, was always marked with forbearance, lenity, and mildness. To his eldest son John, the Indians in 1660 gave a tract of land, which grant he applied to the Court to confirm. The Court declined taking such power on itself; but at the same time, however, it passed the highly complimentary resolve:

The Court, "considering the many kindnesses which were shown the Indians by our honored Governor in the infancy of these Plantations, for pacifying the Indians, tending to the common good of the Planters; and in consideration of which the Indians were moved to such a gratuity unto his son, do judge meet to give the petitioner four hundred acres of land."

Though Governor Endecott removed from Salem to Boston in 1655, yet neither he nor Mrs. Endecott removed their connection with the Salem church, until November, 1664. A large and brilliant comet made its appearance on the 17th of November of this year, and continued to the 4th of February following. It was the general belief of that period, that comets were omens of great evil. One appeared just before the death of that distinguished divine, the Rev. John Cotton; and the death at this time of their aged Governor, and the troubles with which the Colony met the next year from the King's Commissioners, Hutchinson informs us, tended to confirm the people in their opinion.

We are told that "old age and the infirmities thereof coming upon him, he fell asleep in the Lord on the 15th of March, 1665," at the age of 77, "and was with great honour and solemnity interred at Boston," on the 23rd of the same month. His death was easy and tranquil. Tradition has handed down the fact, that the "Chapel Burying-Ground" was the place of his interment. But the exact spot is not now known. No stone marks the resting-place of this intrepid Father of New England.[17] Yet his name alone will ever be a monument to his memory, more enduring than marble, and as imperishable as the granite hills of his adopted country.

Gov. Endecott came to this country in 1628, at the age of 40, and died in 1665, at the age of 77. During these thirty-seven years he was nearly all the time in public life, and for about seventeen years, or nearly half the whole period, he was Governor of the Colony. He was longer at the head of the administration than any other Governor of Massachusetts.

He was a man of highly respectable natural talents, good education, a zealous Puritan, a brave man, a decided patriotic republican, a friend of learning and religion, a lover of God and his country.

We frankly acknowledge that the conduct of Gov. Endecott in the religious intolerance of his day, may be considered a stain upon his escutcheon. Yet, while we admit that those severe measures which were adopted, especially when contrasted with the present unrestrained exercise of religious freedom in our country, were great blemishes on his administration, we think they certainly ought not to be regarded as such on his moral character. It was not the cause of religion alone, which was thought to be endangered by the dissemination and triumph of such principles as were then advanced; but the overthrow of all civil government was looked upon as the ultimate result. Besides, the whole responsibility and obloquy of this dark page in our early history, should not be thrown upon him. True, he was the official organ through which was carried into effect the established laws of the Colony, and vox populi was believed to be vox Dei. But so far as he was individually concerned, we think his motives were pure and elevated, and that all his actions were based upon principle. Without doubt he partook largely of the prevailing prejudices of the day; and the wild spirit of fanaticism found in him a strenuous and energetic opponent. But we hold that all men should be judged according to the light of the age in which they live, and the influences with which they are surrounded. In this dread of unlimited toleration he was not alone; it was the prevailing temper of the times, and the errors in this respect, in which he shared in common with the wise and good of his day, arose rather from an error in judgment than any obliquity of heart.

It has been remarked by a recent writer, that "Governor Endecott was undoubtedly the finest specimen to be found among our Governors of the genuine Puritan character,—of a quick temper, which the habit of military command had not softened,—of strong religious feelings, moulded on the sterner features of Calvinism; resolute to uphold with the sword what he received as gospel truth, and fearing no enemy so much as a gainsaying spirit." "He was a very virtuous gentleman," says Secretary Morton, "and was greatly beloved of the most, as he well deserved." "In his public and private relations," says the Annalist of Salem, "he was a man of unshaken integrity. For my country and my God, was the motto inscribed upon his motives, purposes, and deeds. That he had his imperfections, there is no doubt; but that he exhibited as few of them under his multiplied duties, as the most excellent men would in his situation, is equally correct. His many exertions for the prosperity of Salem, and his ardent attachment to it, should impress his name and worth upon the hearts of its inhabitants, so long as its existence continues."

Thus lived and thus died, one of the principal founders and firmest pillars of New England.

At his decease he left a widow and two sons. The elder son left no children;—the younger was a physician, and resided in Salem. He was twice married; and a family of five sons and five daughters survived him. His second wife was Elisabeth, daughter of Governor Winthrop, and widow of the Rev. Antipas Newman of Wenham.

There exists a perfect genealogy of the Governor's family, so far as relates to his descendants in New England. We hope to publish it in our next number.

The Governor, and all his descendants, to the third generation, (1724,) spelt their names Endecott; since then an i has been substituted for the e in the second syllable.

There is an original portrait of the Governor in possession of one of the family, taken the year he died. By this we learn that his countenance was open, energetic, and independent, possessing much individuality of expression, and in perfect harmony with the character of the man. According to the custom of the age, he wore mustaches, and a tuft of hair upon his chin. The miniature likeness which accompanies this Memoir was engraved from this portrait, and is considered an excellent resemblance, and was presented by the family to the New England Historic Genealogical Society, Boston, at their solicitation.

Note. The Charter posesssed by Gov. Endecott, and which is now in the Salem Athenæum, and the Charter possessed by Gov. Winthrop, and which is now in the State House, Boston, appear to be duplicate original Charters, provided for in the Charter itself, and neither of them copies. They are precisely alike in all respects—the same in phraseology and chirography, and the same in dates. Each Governor was elected and commissioned by the same Company, and by the same Colony, acted under the same Charter, with the same authority, and each alike entitled to the official designation of Governor, whether he was elected Governor by the Company in London, or by the Colony here, for both were elected Governor by each.

[ ORIGINAL COVENANT OF THE FIRST CHURCH IN SALEM.][18]

We Covenant with our Lord, and one with another; and we do bind ourselves in the presence of God, to walk together in all his ways, according as he is pleased to reveal himself unto us in his blessed word of truth; and do explicitly, in the name and fear of God, profess and protest to walk as followeth, through the power and grace of our Lord Jesus Christ.

We avouch the Lord to be our God, and ourselves to be his people, in the truth and simplicity of our spirits.

We give ourselves to the Lord Jesus Christ, and the word of his grace, for the teaching, ruling, and sanctifying of us in matters of worship and conversation, resolving to cleave unto him alone for life and glory, and to reject all contrary ways, canons, and constitutions of men, in his worship.

We promise to walk with our brethren, with all watchfulness and tenderness, avoiding jealousies and suspicions, back-bitings, censurings, provokings, secret risings of spirit against them; but in all offences to follow the rule of our Lord Jesus, and to bear and forbear, give and forgive, as he hath taught us.

In public or private, we will willingly do nothing to the offence of the church; but will be willing to take advice for ourselves and ours, as occasion shall be presented.

We will not in the congregation be forward, either to show our own gifts and parts in speaking or scrupling, or there discover the weakness or failings of our brethren; but attend an orderly call thereunto, knowing how much the Lord may be dishonored, and his gospel and the profession of it slighted, by our distempers and weaknesses in public.

We bind ourselves to study the advancement of the gospel in all truth and peace, both in regard to those that are within or without; no way slighting our sister churches, but using their counsel as need shall be; not laying a stumbling-block before any, no, not the Indians, whose good we desire to promote; and so to converse as we may avoid the very appearance of evil.

We do hereby promise to carry ourselves in all lawful obedience to those that are over us, in Church or Commonwealth, knowing how well-pleasing it will be to the Lord, that they should have encouragement in their places, by our not grieving their spirits through our irregularities.

We resolve to approve ourselves to the Lord in our particular callings, shunning idleness as the bane of any state; nor will we deal hardly or oppressingly with any, wherein we are the Lord's stewards.

Promising also unto our best ability to teach our children and servants the knowledge of God, and of his will, that they may serve him also; and all this not by any strength of our own, but by the Lord Christ, whose blood we desire may sprinkle this our Covenant made in His Name.

[HERALDRY.]

In preparing this article we have consulted various writers on the subject of Heraldry, and not only selected our thoughts from theirs, but used their language when it appeared best adapted to our object. For a more full account of Heraldry in all its branches, we refer our readers to Guillim's Banner Displayed, Camden's British Remains, Kent's Grammar of Heraldry, Edmonson's Complete Body of Heraldry, Leigh's Accidence of Armorie, Playfair's British Baronetage, Burke's Peerage and Baronetage, Noble's History of the College of Arms, Lower's Curiosities of Heraldry, Dallaway's Inquiries, Newton's Display of Heraldry, Broun's Baronetage, Collins's Peerage of England, Betham's Baronetage of England, and the various Encyclopædias.

DEFINITION.

Heraldry is the science of conventional distinctions impressed on shields, banners, and other military accoutrements; or it is the art of armory and blazoning, or the knowledge of what relates to the bearing of arms, and the laws and regulations appertaining thereto. Arms in heraldry are ensigns armorial or marks of honor borne upon shields, banners, and coats of mail, in order to distinction. The science of Heraldry consists particularly in the appropriation of figurative representations, designed, by suitable emblems, to exhibit the achievements of valor, the descent of hereditary honors, and the distinctions appertaining to nobility.

The Degrees of Honor existing in England in 1597, were nine; of which five were noble, as Gentleman, Esquire, Knight, Baron, and Lord; and four were excellent, as Earl, Marquess, Duke, and Prince.—The Degrees of Honor existing in the British nation in 1847 are eleven; namely, Gentleman, Esquire, Knight, Baron, Baronet, Lord, Viscount, Earl, Marquess, Duke, and Prince.

ORIGIN AND HISTORY.

Arms may belong to individuals, to families, or to countries. Badges and emblems on shields and helms occurred in the earliest times. In Numbers, (chap. i: 52,) the children of Israel are enjoined to pitch their tents, "every man by his own camp and every man by his own standard," with the ensigns of his father's house. The Greek and Roman poets speak of paintings and devices on shields and helmets. These symbols were, moreover, hereditary. Thus Xenophon relates that the kings of the Medes bore a golden eagle on their shields. Suetonius asserts that Domitian had a golden beard for his coat of arms; and Tacitus says of the ancient Germans, that they marked their shields with brilliant colors, and that certain standards were borne before them in battle. Notwithstanding these traces of armorial bearings in the ancient world, our heraldry is no older than the tournaments. That armory first became common and regulated by certain rules at these solemn festivals, is corroborated by the following reasons. In the first place, we find no tomb or monument with escutcheons, older than the eleventh century. The most ancient monument of this kind is said to be the bearings of a certain Varmond, count of Vasserburg, in the church of St. Emmeran, at Ratisbon. The shield is coupé of argent and sable; over it is a lion, with the words "Anno Domini MX." On most of the other tombs, even of the eleventh century, no arms are found; and the use of them seems to have first become common in the twelfth century. The first pope who can be proved to have had a coat of arms, is Boniface VIII., who filled the papal see from 1294 to 1303. All the earlier papal arms are the fanciful inventions of later flatterers. On coins, also, no armorial ensigns are found till the thirteenth century. A second proof of our assumed origin of coats of arms is the word blason, which denotes the science of heraldry in French, English, Italian, and Spanish. This word has most probably its origin in the German word blasen, (to blow the horn;) for whenever a new knight appeared at a tournament, the herald had to sound the trumpet, and, because all appeared with close visors, to proclaim and explain the bearing of the shield or coat of arms belonging to each. Because this was performed by the herald, this knowledge was called heraldry; and because, in doing so, he blew the trumpet, it was called blazoning the arms. That this was a prevailing practice at tournaments, may be proved from the poetry of the Troubadours of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. Thence it came, that those knights, whose right to appear at tournaments had already been announced by blazoning their arms, bore two trumpets on their crest. From the Germans, this custom was transmitted to the French; for there is no doubt, that tournaments were usual in Germany much earlier than in France. But the French carried to far greater perfection the tournament, and the blazon or heraldry connected with it, as they did the whole system of chivalry. Since, moreover, the French language prevailed at the court of the Norman kings in England, pure French expressions have been preserved in British heraldry. Thus the green tincture, (color,) in a coat of arms, is termed vert, (though in French sinople, which originally denoted a reddish brown;) bright red is termed gueules, probably with an allusion to the bloody revenge of wild animals, which play so conspicuous a part in heraldry; the divided shield is, moreover, called coupé; and passant, regardant, dormant, couchant, &c., are used. German heraldry, on the contrary, contains almost pure German expressions. In a coat of arms, the helm is placed upon the shield, and the latter is surrounded by the wreath. At a tournament, the mantle of the knight, with the helm and shield, was suspended in the lists. The colors or tinctures of the shields had their foundation in the custom of the most ancient Germans, of giving their shields various colors—a custom which received a tender meaning in the tournaments of the middle ages; the knight, bound to defend the honor of dames, and devote himself to their protection, wearing their colors on his shield. By degrees, the partitions or sections on shields came into use; for when, as often occurred, a knight was the champion of several ladies, he bore several colors on his shield, which had therefore to be divided into fields. When the martial youth of almost all Europe left their homes, about the end of the eleventh century, inspired with religious enthusiasm, to conquer the Holy Land, the use of arms became still more general and necessary. In order to distinguish the nations, armies, and families, the princes and commanders chose their symbols, sometimes in commemoration of the exploits and events of the campaign, or of the dignity of the commander, and sometimes from mere fancy or passing humor.

BLAZONING, HISTORIFYING, AND MARSHALLING ARMS.

Blazoning is the methodical description of a bearing. In the first place, the shield is described according to its tinctures, figures, and partitions. The inferior parts of an escutcheon are then blazoned—the helm, with its insignia, which are trumpet, wings, and plumes, men and animals, or their members; then the wreath and its tinctures; after which the coronet cap, &c.; finally the supporters, the mantle, the device, and other secondary things. Such terms for the color must be used as are agreeable to the station and quality of the bearer. All persons below the degree of noble must have their coats blazoned by colors and metals; noble men by precious stones; and kings and princes by planets.

In emblazoning shields of arms, metals, colors, and furs are used to depict the device, the technical terms of which are these;—of metals, gold, called or, and silver, argent, only are employed;—of colors, red, called gules, blue, azure, black, sable, green, vert, and purple, purpure;—and of furs, principally the skin of the little animal called ermine, and a combination of grey and white squirrel skins, called vair.

In blazoning arms it is an established rule with heralds, that animals are always to be interpreted in the best sense, that is, according to their most noble and generous qualities, that the most honor may redound to the bearers. Thus the fox, being reputed witty and given to filching for his prey, if this be the charge of an escutcheon, we are to conceive the quality represented to be his wit and cunning, and not his theft.

All savage beasts are to be figured in their fiercest action: as a lion erected, his mouth wide open, his claws extended; and thus formed he is said to be rampant. A leopard or wolf is to be portrayed going as it were pedetentim, which form of action suits their natural disposition, and is called passant. The gentler kinds are to be set forth in their noblest and most advantageous action, as a horse running or vaulting, a greyhound coursing, a deer tripping, a lamb going with smooth and easy pace.

Every animal is to be represented as moving or looking to the right side of the shield; and it is a general rule, that the right foot be placed foremost, because the right side is reckoned the beginning of motion. The upper part is nobler than the lower, and things that are constrained either to look up or down, ought rather to be designed looking upwards. We observe however that notwithstanding such precepts of Guillim and other masters of armory, there are lions passant, couchant, dormant, as well as rampant, and most animals in arms look down and not up. Birds are esteemed a more honorable bearing than fish, and wild and ravenous birds than tame ones. When their bills and feet are of a different color from the rest, they are said to be membered. Birds of prey are more properly said to be armed. In the blazoning of fowls much exercised in flight, if the wings be not displayed, they are said to be borne close, for example, he beareth an eagle, a hawk, or a swallow, close. Fish are borne different ways, upright, embowed, extended, endorsed, surmounted of each other, fretted, triangled. Those borne feeding should be termed devouring. Those borne directly upright are termed Hauriant, and those borne traverse the escutcheon, naiant.

To historify, in heraldry, is to explain the history of a coat of arms, its origin, and the changes it has undergone. If the herald is to explain a bearing historically, he must show that this figure is the proper emblem of the family or country. He derives, for instance, from historical sources, the proof that the double-headed eagle of the Roman king was first introduced in the beginning of the fourteenth century, under Albert I., and that previously, from the time of Otho II., the royal eagle had but one head; that the three leopards in the English arms were first derived in 1127, under Henry I., from the Norman house.—The marshalling of arms consists in the preparation of new escutcheons. In this matter, the herald either follows the orders of a sovereign, or he invents the idea, and makes the plan of the escutcheon according to his own judgment, or he composes a new escutcheon from several coats of arms.

DIFFERENT KINDS OF ARMS.

In heraldic science, arms are distinguished by different names, to denote the causes of their being borne, such as arms of dominion, of pretension, of concession, of community, of patronage, of family, of alliance, of succession, and of assumption. Those of dominion and sovereignty are those which emperors, kings, and sovereign states constantly bear, being, as it were, annexed to the territories, kingdoms, and provinces they possess. Thus there are the arms of England, of France, of the United States, &c. Arms of pretension are those of kingdoms, provinces, or territories, to which a prince or lord has some claim, and which he adds to his own, although such kingdoms or territories are possessed by another prince or lord. Arms of concession, or augmentation of honor, are entire arms, as the fortress of Gibraltar on the escutcheon of Lord Heathfield. Arms of community belong to bishoprics, cities, companies, &c. Arms of patronage, to governors of provinces, lords of manors, &c. Arms of family are the property of individuals; and it is criminal in any persons not of the family to assume them. Arms of alliance show the union of families and individuals. Arms of succession are taken up, by those who inherit certain estates, manors, &c., either by will, entail, or donation, and which they impale or quarter with their own. This multiplies the titles of some families from necessity, and not from ostentation. Arms of assumption, or assumptive arms, are taken up by the caprice or fancy of persons who assume them without a legal title. They are also such as a man of his proper right may assume, with the approbation of his sovereign and of the king of arms.

PARTS OF A COAT OF ARMS.

The parts of arms are the escutcheon, the tinctures, charges, and ornaments. Heralds distinguish nine different points in escutcheons, in order to determine exactly the positions of the bearing they are charged with, as in the figure.

A, dexter chief; B, precise middle chief; C, sinister chief; D, honor point; E, fess point; F, nombril point; G, dexter base; H, precise middle base; I, sinister base. The tinctures mean the variable hue common both to the shields and their bearings; and there are seven tinctures—yellow or gold, expressed by dots; white or argent; red, by perpendicular lines; blue or azure, by horizontal lines; purple, by diagonal lines from right to left; green, by the same from left to right; black by horizontal and perpendicular lines crossing; and orange and blood colors are expressed by diagonal lines crossing each other. The charges are the emblems occupying the field of the escutcheon, or any part of it. All charges are distinguished by the name of honorable ordinaries, sub-ordinaries, and common charges. Honorable ordinaries, the principal charges in heraldry, are made of lines only, which, according to their disposition and form, receive different names. Sub-ordinaries are ancient heraldic figures frequently used in coats of arms, and which are distinguished by terms appropriated to each of them. Common charges are composed of natural, artificial, and even imaginary things, such as stars, animals, trees, ships, &c. The ornaments that accompany or surround escutcheons were introduced to denote the birth, dignity, or office of the person to whom the arms appertain. They are used both by clergy and laity. Those most in use are of ten sorts; namely, crowns, coronets, mitres, helmets, mantlings, chapeaux, wreaths, crests, scrolls, and supporters. The crest is the highest part of the ornaments of a coat of arms. It is called crest from the Latin word crista, which signifies a comb or tuft, such as many birds have upon their heads, as the peacock, &c. Crests were anciently marks of great honor, because they were worn only by heroes of great valor and high rank, that they might be the better distinguished in an engagement, and thereby rally their men if dispersed. They are at present considered as mere ornaments. The scroll is an ornament usually placed below the shield and supporters, containing a motto or sentence, alluding to the bearing or to the bearer's name.

Explanation of the Plate on the following page, taken from Brande's Dictionary of Science, Literature, and Art.

I. Lines.

1. Horizontal or straight. 2. Angled. 3. Bevelled. 4. Escartele. 5. Nowy or Franche. 6. Arched or enarched. 7. Double arched. 8. Wavy or undee. 9. Invected. 10. Engrailed. 11. Battled-embattled, or crenellee. 12. Battled-embattled. 13. Nebuly. 14. Potent. 15. Indented. 16. Dancettec. 17. Dove-tailed. 18. Urdee. 19. Rayonnee, or radiant.

II. Points of the Escutcheon, Colors, and Furs.

20. Escutcheon, points of. 21. Or. 22. Argent. 23. Gules. 24. Azure. 25. Sable. 26. Vert. 27. Purpure. 28. Tenne. 29. Sanguine. 30. Ermine. 31. Ermines. 32. Erminois. 33. Peau. 34. Vair. 35. Varry cuppy.

III. Differences, or Filiations.

36. (First son) Label of three points. 37. (Second) Crescent. 38. (Third) Mullet. 39. (Fourth) Martlet. 40. (Fifth) Annulet. 41. (Sixth) Fleur-de-lis.

IV. Ordinaries, &c.

42. Chief. 43. Pale (between two annulets.) 44. Pallet. 45. Party per pale. 46. Border. 47. Bars. 48. Fess. 49. Bend. 50. Bend sinister. 51. Border. 52. Chevron. 53. Cross. 54. Cross of St. John of Jerusalem, or Malta. 55. Cross patonce. 56. Cross moline. 57. Cross of St. Andrew. 58. Crosses humettee. 59. Cross moline in saltier. 60. Cross bottonee or trefoil. 61. Cross crosslet, fitchee. 62. Cross flory. 63. Cross mascle. 64. Cross fitchee. 65. Lozenge, fleury.

V. Miscellaneous Bearings.

66. Lion, statant guardant. 67. Passant. 68. Passant guardant. 69. Rampant. 70. Rampant guardant. 71. Rampant reguardant. 72. Sejant. 73. Couchant. 74. Stag at gaze. 75. Stag's head caboshed. 76. Tiger, heraldic. 77. Dragon. 78. Griffin. 79. Dragon's head erased. 80. Wivern. 81. Eagle displayed, with two heads. 82. Boar's head erased. 83. Water budgets. 84. Snake, bowed debruised. 85. Quatrefoil. 86. Trefoils. 87. Fleur-de-lis. 88. Clarion, or rest. 89. Mullets.

VI. Crowns, Coronets, &c.

90. Crown of England. 91. Coronet of the Prince of Wales. 92. Coronet of a duke. 93. Marquis. 94. Earl. 95. Viscount. 96. Baron. 97. Mitre of a bishop. 98. Eastern, or antique coronet. 99. Celestial crown. 100. Crown of Edward I. 101. Mortier, or cap of state. 102. Chapeau, or cap of maintenance. 103. Crown of France. 104. Cardinal's hat. 105. Crown triple, or tiara of the pope.

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[RATIFICATION OF THE FEDERAL CONSTITUTION BY MASSACHUSETTS.]

[The following account of the Ratification of the Constitution of the United States by the Convention of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts convened at Boston on the 9th day of January, 1788, and continued until the 7th of February, was printed in the Massachusetts Gazette of Feb. 8th, 1788, published by John Wincoll Allen of Boston. It is here inserted as a historical document of those times that tried men's souls, which will, we think, be read with deep interest by those of the present generation. In this way, too, it will be preserved, as it should be, for posterity. It is printed as we find it in the Gazette, with only the addition of the names of the towns, in which the individuals of the Convention resided. Of the Convention, John Hancock was President, William Cushing, Vice-President, and George Richards Minot, Secretary.]

With the highest satisfaction we announce to the publick, that the Convention of this commonwealth, on Wednesday last, at five o'clock, P. M. ASSENTED TO the CONSTITUTION, proposed by the late federal Convention. On this pleasing event, WE DO HEARTILY congratulate the publick, and do express our sincere wishes, that the general joy which it has diffused through all ranks of citizens, may be an auspicious omen of the superiour advantages which will undoubtedly result from the establishment of such a federal government as this constitution provides.

Immediately on the news of this joyful decision being announced, the bells in every publick building in this metropolis began to ring, and continued to sound the glad tydings for two hours. At sun set the Convention adjourned: after which, a multitude of people, from all quarters, moved into State-Street, where they manifested the joy they felt from this event, by incessant tokens of approbation, and loud huzzas. The bells of the North church continued to chime harmonious peals of gratulations the whole night, and part of the next day. Illuminations were made and other insignia of joy exhibited.

The yeas and nays, on the question of adoption, being taken, agreeably to the orders of the day, were as follows, viz.

YEAS.

His Excellency JOHN HANCOCK, Esq. President, Hon. James Bowdoin, hon. Sam. Adams, hon. William Phillips, hon. Caleb Davis, Charles Jarvis, esq. John C. Jones, esq. John Winthrop, esq. Thomas Dawes, jun. esq. rev. Samuel Stillman, Thomas Russell, esq. Christopher Gore, esq. Boston, hon. William Heath, hon. Increase Sumner, Roxbury, James Bowdoin, jun. esq. Ebenezer Wales, esq. Dorchester, rev. Nathaniel Robbins, Milton, hon. Richard Cranch, rev. Anthony Wibird, Braintree, hon. Cotton Tufts, Weymouth, hon. Benjamin Lincoln, rev. David Shute, Hingham, rev. Joseph Jackson, Brookline, rev. Thomas Thacher, Fisher Ames, esq. Dedham, col. William M'Intosh, Needham, capt. John Baxter, jun. Medfield, hon. Elijah Dunbar, esq. Stoughton, mr. Thomas Mann, Wrentham, mr. George Payson, Walpole, hon. J. Fisher, Franklin, mr. Thomas Jones, Hull, rev. Phillips Payson, Chelsea, mr. Ebenezer Warren, Foxborough, Richard Manning, esq. Edward Pulling, esq. mr. William Gray, jun. mr. Francis Cabot, Salem, hon. Michael Farley, J. Choate, esq. Daniel Noyes, esq. col. Jonathan Cogswell, Ipswich, hon. Tristram Dalton, Enoch Sawyer, esq. E. March, esq. Newbury, hon. Rufus King, esq. hon. Benjamin Greenleaf, esq. Theophilus Parsons, esq. hon. Jonathan Titcomb, Newburyport, hon. G. Cabot, mr. Joseph Wood, capt. Israel Thorndike, Beverly, Isaac Mansfield, esq. Jonathan Glover, esq. hon. Azor Orne, John Glover, esq. Marblehead, Daniel Rogers, esq. John Low, esq. capt. W. Pearson, Gloucester, John Carnes, esq. capt. John Burnham, Lynn and Lynnfield, mr. William Symmes, jun. Andover, Bailey Bartlett, esq. capt. Nathaniel Marsh, Haverhill, mr. Israel Clark, Topsfield, dr. Samuel Nye, mr. Enoch Jackman, Salisbury, capt. Benjamin Lurvey, mr. Willis Patten, Amesbury, Daniel Thurston, esq. Bradford, mr. Jacob Herrick, Wenham, mr. Simeon Miller, Manchester, hon. Francis Dana, esq. Stephen Dana, esq. Cambridge, hon. Nathaniel Gorham, esq. Charlestown, hon. Joseph Hosmer, Concord, hon. Abraham Fuller, Newtown, capt. Lawson Buckminster, Framingham, Benjamin Brown, esq. Lexington, Daniel Whitney, esq. Sherburne, capt. Asahel Wheeler, Sudbury, capt. Benjamin Blaney, Malden, capt. Abraham Bigelow, Weston, maj. gen. John Brooks, Medford, dr. Charles Whitman, Stow, Leonard Williams, esq. Waltham, hon. J. B. Varnum, Dracut, hon. J. Pitts, Dunstable, hon. E. Brooks, Lincoln, W. Pynchon, esq. Springfield, hon. C. Strong, mr. Benjamin Sheldon, Northampton and Easthampton, capt. Lemuel Pomeroy, Southampton, brig. gen. Elisha Porter, Hadley, hon. Noah Goodman, South Hadley, hon. J. Hastings, Hatfield, John Ingersol, esq. Westfield, mr. Ebenezer James, Northfield, Abner Morgan, esq. Brimfield, capt. David Shepard, Chester, mr. Jesse Reed, Charlemont, Nahum Eager, esq. Worthington, col. Benjamin Bonney, Chesterfield, major Thomas J. Douglass, Northwick, mr. Aaron Fisher, Westhampton, mr. Edmund Lazell, Cummington and Plainfield, capt. Thomas Maxwell, Buckland, mr. Elihu Colton, Longmeadow, Joshua Thomas, esq. mr. Thomas Davis, mr. John Davis, Plymouth, hon. William Cushing, hon. Nathan Cushing, hon. Charles Turner, Scituate, hon. George Partridge, Duxbury, rev. William Shaw, Marshfield, Daniel Howard, esq. mr. Hezekiah Hooper, capt. Elisha Mitchel, mr. Daniel Howard, jun. Bridgewater, rev. Isaac Backus, Isaac Thompson, esq. Middleboro', capt. John Turner, mr. Josiah Smith, Pembroke, William Sever, jun. esq. Kingston, hon. Joseph Cushing, Hanover, rev. Samuel Niles, Abington, mr. Freeman Waterman, Halifax, col. Israel Fearing, Wareham, Shearjashaub Bourn, esq. Barnstable, David Thacher, esq. capt. Jonathan Howes, Yarmouth, hon. Solomon Freeman, capt. Kimball Clark, Harwich, rev. Levi Whitman, Wellfleet, capt. Joseph Palmer, Falmouth, James Williams, esq. Taunton, hon. Elisha May, capt. Moses Willmarth, Attleboro', col. Sylvester Richmond, hon. William Baylies, Dighton, hon. Thomas Durfee, Israel Washburne, esq. Freetown, hon. Walter Spooner, rev. Samuel West, New Bedford, mr. William Almy, Westport, Nathaniel Barrel, esq. York, rev. Moses Hemmenway, hon. Nathaniel Wells, Wells, Thomas Cutts, esq. Pepperelboro', Jacob Bradbury, esq. Buxton, capt. John Low, Coxhall, mr. William Mayhew, Edgartown, mr. Cornelius Dunham, Tisbury, hon. John Sprague, Lancaster, capt. Seth Newton, Southboro', hon. Samuel Baker, Bolton, major David Wilder, Leominster, mr. Matthew Patrick, Western, mr. Josiah Goddard, Athol, capt. Ephraim Wilder, Sterling, John K. Smith, esq. Falmouth, mr. John Fox, capt. Joseph M'Lellan, Portland, David Mitchell, esq. Samuel Merrill, esq. North Yarmouth, William Thompson, esq. Scarboro', capt. John Dunlap, Brunswick, capt. Isaac Snow, Harpswell, mr. Joshua Dyer, Cape Elisabeth, rev. Samuel Perley, Gray, Thomas Rice, esq. mr. David Sylvester, Pownalboro', mr. Nathaniel Wyman, Georgetown, mr. David Gilmore, Woolwich, William M'Cobb, esq. Boothbay, capt. Samuel Grant, Vassalboro', Moses Davis, esq. Edgecomb, David Fales, esq. Thomaston, Dummer Sewall, esq. Bath, John Ashley, jun. esq. Sheffield and Mount Washington, hon. Elijah Dwight, Great Barrington, hon. T. Sedgwick, Stockbridge, hon. Jonathan Smith, Lanesboro', hon. T. J. Skinner, Williamstown, mr. Elisha Carpenter, Becket, capt. D. Taylor, New Marlboro'. Total Yeas 187.

NAYS.

Capt. Jedediah Southworth, Stoughton, mr. Nathan Comstock, Wrentham, mr. Benjamin Randall, Sharon, mr. M. Richardson, jun. Medway, rev. Noah Alden, Bellingham, hon. Israel Hutchinson, Danvers, capt. Peter Osgood, jun. dr. Thomas Kittredge, Andover, capt. Thomas Mighill, Rowley, hon. A. Wood, Boxford, capt. Ebenezer Carlton, Methuen, dr. Marshall Spring, Watertown, capt. Timothy Winn, Woburn, mr. William Flint, mr. Peter Emerson, Reading, mr. Jonas Morse, major Benjamin Sawin, Marlboro', William Thompson, esq. Billerica, col. Benjamin Ely, capt. John Williston, West Springfield, capt. Phinehas Stebbins, Wilbraham, Mr. Daniel Cooley, Amherst, Mr. Benjamin Eastman, Granby, Mr. Josiah Allis, Whately, mr. William Bodman, Williamsburg, mr. Samuel Field, Deerfield, mr. Moses Bascom, Greenfield, mr. Robert Wilson, Shelburne, capt. Consider Arms, mr. Malachi Maynard, Conway, capt. Zacheus Crocker, Sunderland, mr. Moses Severance, Montague, capt. Asa Fisk, South Brimfield, mr. Phinehas Merrick, Monson, mr. Adam Clark, Pelham, capt. Nathaniel Whitcomb, Greenwich, mr. Timothy Blair, Blanford, mr. Aaron Mirrick, Palmer, mr. John Hamilton, Mr. Clark Cooley, Granville, mr. John Chamberlain, New Salem, mr. Justus Dwight, Belchertown, mr. Samuel Eddy, Colrain, mr. Isaac Pepper, Ware, capt. John Goldsbury, Warwick and Orange, capt. Agrippa Wells, Bernardston, mr. Ephraim Williams, Ashfield, mr. Asa Powers, Shutesbury, capt. Silas Fowler, Southwick, mr. John Jennings, Ludlow, mr. Jonathan Hubbard, Leverett, mr. Benjamin Thomas, mr. Isaac Soul, Middleboro', mr. Nathaniel Hammond, mr. Abraham Holmes, Rochester, capt. Francis Shurtliff, mr. Elisha Bisbee, jun. Plympton, dr. Thomas Smith, mr. Thomas Nye, Sandwich, col. Nathaniel Leonard, mr. Aaron Pratt, Taunton, capt. Phanuel Bishop, major Frederick Drown, William Windsor, esq. Rehoboth, mr. Christopher Mason, mr. David Brown, Swansey, hon. Holder Slocum, mr. Melatiah Hathway, Dartmouth, hon. Abraham White, Norton, capt. Ebenezer Tisdell, Easton, capt. John Pratt, Mansfield, capt. Esaias Preble, York, mr. Mark Adams, mr. James Neal, Kittery, capt. Elijah Thayer, dr. Nathaniel Low, mr. Richard Foxwell Cutts, Berwick, mr. Thomas M. Wentworth, Lebanon, major Samuel Nasson, Sanford, mr. Moses Ames, Fryeburg, Mr. Jeremiah Emery, Shapleigh, rev. Pelatiah Tingley, Waterboro', mr. David Bigelow, Worcester, Edward Thompson, esq. Mendon, major John Minot, Chelmsford, capt. Gilbert Dench, Hopkinton, mr. Jonathan Keep, Westford, dr. Benjamin Morse, Joseph Sheple, esq. Groton, mr. Obadiah Sawtell, Shirley, mr. Daniel Fisk, Pepperell, capt. Daniel Adams, Townsend, capt. John Webber, Bedford, capt. Sta. Chamberlain, Holliston, mr. Asa Parlin, Acton and Carlisle, capt. J. Harnden, Wilmington, mr. Newman Scarlet, Tewksbury, mr. Samuel Reed, Littleton, mr. Benjamin Adams, Ashby, major Hezekiah Bread, Natick, capt. Jonathan Green, Stoneham, mr. Phinehas Gleason, East Sudbury, mr. Daniel Forbes, mr. N. Jenks, Brookfield, capt. Jeremiah Learned, Oxford, mr. Caleb Curtis, Mr. Ezra M'Intier, Charlton, mr. David Harwood, hon. Amos Singletary, Sutton, col. Samuel Denny, Leicester, mr. James Hathua, Spencer, mr. Asaph Shermon, Rutland, mr. Abraham Smith, Paxton, capt. Jonathan Bullard, Oakham, capt. John Black, Barre, capt. John Woods, Hubbardston, capt. Benjamin Joslyn, New Braintree, capt. Stephen Maynard, Westboro', mr. Artemas Brigham, Northboro', capt. Isaac Harrington, Shrewsbury, capt. John Fuller, Lunenburg, mr. Daniel Putnam, Fitchburg, dr. Samuel Willard, Uxbridge, Josiah Whitney, esq. Harvard, mr. Jonathan Day, Dudley, capt. Thomas M. Baker, Upton, capt. Timothy Parker, Sturbridge, major Martin Kingsley, Hardwick, rev. Joseph Davis, Holden, hon. John Taylor, Douglass, dr. Joseph Wood, Grafton, Jonathan Grant, esq. capt. Samuel Peckham, Petersham, John Frye, esq. Royalston, mr. Stephen Holden, Westminster, capt. Joel Fletcher, Templeton, mr. Timothy Fuller, Princeton, mr. Jacob Willard, Ashburnham, mr. Moses Hale, Winchendon, capt. Josiah Wood, Northbridge, mr. Joseph Stone, Ward, mr. David Stearns, Milford, mr. Jonas Temple, Boylston, Daniel Ilsley, esq. Falmouth, mr. S. Longfellow, jun. Gorham, William Widgery, New Gloucester, capt. David Murry, New Castle, hon. Samuel Thompson, Topsham, mr. Jonah Crosby, Winslow, mr. Zacheus Beal, Bowdoinham, William Jones, esq. Bristol, capt. James Carr, Hallowell, mr. Joshua Bean, Winthrop, mr. Valentine Rathbun, Pittsfield, mr. Comstock Betts, Richmond, mr. Lemuel Collins, Lenox, capt. Jeremiah Pierce, Adams, Ephraim Fitch, esq. Egremont, major Thomas Lusk, West Stockbridge, mr. John Hurlbert, Alford, capt. Ezekiel Herrick, Tyrningham, mr. Joshua Lawton, Loudon, mr. Timothy Mason, Windsor, Ebenezer Pierce, esq. Partridgefield, mr. David Vaughan, Hancock, capt. Jesse Bradley, Lee, mr. Zenas Noble, Washington, mr. John Picket, jun. Sandisfield. Total Nays 168.

The open, manly and honourable conduct of the gentlemen who composed the minority, in the great question on Wednesday, taken in the honourable convention, was very different from the turbulent opposers of the constitution in Pennsylvania, who, not content with their declamatory and odious protest against its adoption, are now endeavouring to involve their country in all the horrours of a civil war, by exciting tumult and insurrection. On the vote of adoption being declared,

Honourable mr. White rose, and said, that notwithstanding he had opposed the adoption of the constitution, upon the idea that it would endanger the liberties of his country, yet, as a majority had seen fit to adopt it, he should use his utmost exertions to induce his constituents to live in peace under, and cheerfully submit to it.

He was followed by mr. Widgery, who said, that he should return to his constituents, and inform them, that he had opposed the adoption of this constitution, but that he had been overruled, and that he had been carried by a majority of wise and understanding men: that he should endeavour to sow the seeds of union and peace among the people he represented—and that he hoped, and believed, that no person would wish for, or suggest the measure of a PROTEST; for, said he, we must consider that this body is as full a representation of the people, as can be conceived.—— After expressing his thanks for the civility which the inhabitants of this town have shewn to the convention, and declaring, as his opinion, that they had not in the least influenced the decision; he concluded by saying he should support, as much as in him lay, the constitution, and believed, as this state had adopted it, not only 9, but the whole 13, would come into the measure.

General Whitney said, that though he had been opposed to the constitution, he should support it as much as if he had voted for it.

Mr. Cooley, (Amherst) said, that he endeavoured to govern himself by the principles of reason, that he was directed to vote against the adoption of the constitution, and that in so doing, he had not only complied with his direction, but had acted according to the dictates of his own conscience; but that as it has been agreed to by a majority, he should endeavour to convince his constituents of the propriety of its adoption.

Doctor Taylor, also said, he had uniformly opposed the constitution, that he found himself fairly beat, and expressed his determination to go home, and endeavour to infuse a spirit of harmony and love, among the people.

Other gentlemen expressed their inclination to speak, but it growing late, the convention adjourned to Thursday morning, at ten o'clock.

Let this be told to the honour of Massachusetts; to the reputation of her citizens, as men willing to acquiesce in that republican principle, of submitting to the decision of a majority.

Yesterday, A. M. the Convention met, according to adjournment, when a vote was passed for proceeding in procession to the state-house, and there to declare the ratification of the FEDERAL CONSTITUTION, which that honourable body, on Wednesday last, by a majority of NINETEEN assented to, in behalf of the commonwealth of Massachusetts. About 12 o'clock, the procession moved from their place of session, preceded by the honourable vice-president of the Convention. His excellency the president being seated in an elegant vehicle, was drawn by THIRTEEN patriotick and publick spirited MECHANICKS, who thus expressed their love and respect for a man who ever loved and respected his country.

The procession having arrived at the state-house, entered the senate-chamber, from which his excellency the president, the vice-president, secretary, high-sheriff of the county of Suffolk, and other respectable characters, went out upon the balcony of the state-house, from whence his excellency the president addressed the multitude who had assembled below, in a short speech, preparatory to what they were about to hear declared. The high-sheriff then declared the federal constitution adopted and ratified by the Convention of the commonwealth of Massachusetts.

After which the whole assembly testified their approbation by the loudest huzzas.

An elegant repast being provided for the occasion in the senate-chamber, the Convention, and a great number of other gentlemen, partook thereof, and exhibited such marks of satisfaction, as fully evinced, that this joyful event would tend to give vigour and energy to our future continental administrations. After dinner the following toasts were drank, viz.

1. His excellency the president and convention of Massachusetts.

2. The president and members of the late continental convention.

3. The states that have adopted the federal constitution.

4. A speedy accession to the union by those states who are yet to deliberate upon the proposed constitution.

5. May the same candour, and liberality, which has so conspicuously distinguished the minority of Massachusetts, prevail thro' every state in the union.

6. May the United States of America be as distinguished for their increase in agriculture, arts and manufactures, as they are for their attachment to justice and the liberties of mankind.

7. The great and magnanimous ally of the United States of America—his most Christian majesty.

8. The United Netherlands.

9. May the States of America be the asylum of every distressed son of liberty, throughout the world.

10. May the flag of American commerce be displayed in every quarter of the globe.

11. May the landholders of America soon experience the happy effects intended by the proposed constitution.

12. May the nations of the world, who would be our rivals in trade, soon find their disappointment in the energy of our councils.

13. May peace, liberty, and safety, be the perpetual birthright of an American.

It seems that the joy which the adoption of the proposed constitution has diffused, is not only general, but sincere and grateful.—The rising sun of yesterday's morn, by its brightness and refulgent beams, seemed to break forth, from the dusky horizon, with uncommon grandeur, partaking, as it were, of the joy in which an event so propitious immersed the souls of the people. The bells of all the churches, &c. in town, began ringing at early dawn, and continued, most of them without intermission, thro' the day, and part of last evening.

The hardy sons of Neptune, seemed not to be insensible of the importance of this great event; for having procured a boat, which they fixed on a sled, they continued to draw it through the town till near the close of the day, frequently huzzaing, and loudly exulting in the anticipation of reviving and flourishing commerce. In the boat was displayed the flag of the United States, and musick, which kept continually playing.

In a cart, drawn by five horses, the British flag was displayed, and insulted by numbers placed in the cart, armed with muskets, who repeatedly discharged the contents of them through the tattered remnant, in contempt of that faithless nation, whose exertions have been unremitted since the peace, to cramp our commerce and obstruct all our nautical proceedings.

Repeated marks of joy were exhibited during the course of the day by the lovers and well wishers of our country, but we believe none will exceed the exhibition which is to take place this day, as will appear by the following

NOTICE

TO THE TRADESMEN.

THE COMMITTEE of MECHANICKS appointed at their meeting the 7th. ult. present their compliments to the several TRADESMEN, MECHANICKS, and ARTIZANS of every description in the town of Boston, and request their attendance at Faneuil Hall, this morning, at NINE o'clock, in order to form and proceed in GRAND PROCESSION therefrom, to testify their approbation of the ratification of the Federal Constitution, by the Convention of this commonwealth the 6th instant.

They recommend that the procession be formed as follows—First, a plough, drawn by a horse, with husbandmen carrying proper utensils—Then the tradesmen, &c. of the town, each with some tool, decorated; to proceed by trades; each trade with one person at its head. With the ship-builders, &c. will be a boat, drawn by horses, properly manned. They request that the procession may be as full as possible; that the several drummers, fifers, and other musicians in the town, will join the procession, with their instruments.

The rout of the procession will be mentioned at the Hall.

Boston, February 7, 1788.

[LETTER OF CHIEF-JUSTICE SARGEANT OF MASSACHUSETTS.]

[The following are extracts from a letter of Judge Sargeant to the Hon. Joseph Badger of Gilmanton, N. H., who was a Delegate to the Convention of that state for the adoption of the Federal Constitution.]

I make no doubt but you have carefully compared y^e old confederation with y^e new constitution and I wish you to review them again. Can there be such a thing as Government without Power? What is advice, recommendation, or requisition? It is not Government.—Congress has a right to raise an army, to make war and Peace, of entering into Treaties and alliances to borrow money and appropriate y^e same—to ascertain y^e sums necessary to be raised for y^e Service of y^e United States—to emit bills of credit—to build and equip a navy, and to make requisitions on y^e states for their quota of men, to Cloath, arm and equip them. But who will lend Congress Money when they have not Power to raise a Single Shilling to repay them? Who will take their bills of Credit when every Body knows they can never redeem them? Who will enlist into their army when Congress has no money to pay them a Bounty or their wages or find them in Provisions? Who will build and equip a navy for them without money? Who will trouble themselves about Congress' making war or Peace when they can't command a Shilling to support a war? To what Purpose is it to appropriate money when they can't get it?—What end does it answer for other nations to make treaties and alliances with Congress when any one State by its obstinacy, fraud or some Paltry private interest may defeat y^e treaty or by main force break through it?

What good end will be answered by ascertaining y^e Sums necessary to be raised when thirteen independent Legislatures are to judge whether those sums are necessary or not and whether they will raise them or not and if one State won't raise their quota, y^e other states are more than foolish, they are distracted if they raise theirs.—What effect will a requisition on y^e states for raising, cloathing, arming, and equipping their quotas of men have, when y^e 13 Legislatures are left to judge of y^e expediency, or necessity of this equipment, whether they are not charged above their proportion—whether it won't do as well sometime hence? What security is it possible to have under such a Government? A Government without energy, without power. Zeal and enthusiasm carried us thro' y^e last war without any Government till March 1781, when y^e Confederation was compleated and then we hobbled along 21 months longer under it until peace took place, and since y^e Peace, Requisitions from Congress have had no more effect than y^e Pope's bulls wou'd have had. The old Confederation is just y^e same to y^e United States as a people, as a milk and water diet wou'd be to a labouring man, both wou'd grow weaker and weaker till they were not able to crawl. Nothing ever gave us any respectability abroad but y^e readiness and chearfulness with which we complied with all y^e recommendations of Congress when we had no Government at all. That enabled us to form treaties with other nations, to hire money, and their hatred to Great Britain engaged them to join in y^e war against her. The nations in Europe discovered this weakness long before we did. Great Britain for 5 years has refused to make any Treaty of commerce with us, has shut all her Ports against our shipping, while our Ports are filled with their shipping and seamen and are picking up our seamen for their employ—they bring their Produce and manufactures to us to buy but won't let us carry our own to them. They have embarrass'd our commerce with other nations by setting y^e Algerines upon our shipping and thereby obliged us to give 5 per Cent. to them for insurance against the Algerines—all this while we have not had y^e power to retalliate upon them in one Single Article. The other Powers viz: France, Holland, Spain and Portugal have now taken y^e hint and are imposing duties upon our Produce and Manufactures to y^e great encouragement of their own and discouragement of ours, and we can't make any Regulations to counterwork them. Massachusetts some years ago took y^e lead and made some very advantageous Regulations. New Hampshire followed, and Rhode Island adopted a small part. Soon y^e People in New Hampshire grew restive and obliged y^e Government to repeal y^e same. Rhode Island followed and Massachusetts was obliged to follow them, so that you see what a rope of sand we are. This conduct of y^e European nations will in time, if it produces good Government, prove of eminent advantage to us. They drained us of almost all our Cash. This put People upon being industrious and frugal. Industry has occasioned great improvements in agriculture and in manufactures. The first has rendered Provisions plenty and so cheap that we sell them to almost all nations. The latter has supplied us with many necessaries which we used to send cash for, and we remitted to other nations pay for what necessaries we wanted. Frugality has prevented us from sending our Cash abroad for many Superfluities which we can do as well or perhaps better without; so that now it is an undoubted fact that y^e exports from America greatly exceed y^e imports; consequently Cash may now become as plenty as it wou'd be best it shou'd be.

The old Confederation without Power or Energy destroyed y^e Credit of y^e United States. The scarcity of Cash, and y^e embarrassments of y^e Government, for want of some fixed System of finance has destroyed y^e credit of y^e individual States—different Tender acts in different States, different sorts of paper money in different States, (for almost all y^e States have either paper money or tender acts,) have destroyed private Credit; so that we are now as a people and as individuals totally without either public or private Credit. Under these circumstances money never can circulate in plenty, let y^e advantages for importing it be what they may—

Is it now possible for a Government, under these disadvantages, whether it be continental or particular, to support itself any length of time? Will not private industry be discouraged? Can such a Government protect y^e industrious from y^e hands of invaders or y^e more savage hands of violence among ourselves? Anarchy will soon rear its head and y^e Tyranny of some ambitious Demagogue will soon tread on its heels. Suppose for a moment y^e General Court of New Hampshire or Massachusetts were to agree that such a sum of money was necessary to be raised for y^e building and maintaining of a colledge for supporting schools in different Parts, for supporting ministers, for encouraging y^e Iron manufactory, y^e manufactory of cloath, for repairing y^e highways, for training and disciplining y^e militia, and procuring a stock of guns and ammunition and building forts for y^e defence of y^e State and then send a recommendation to y^e several towns desiring them to raise their quota of that sum, being so much.

Wou'd not this be a laughable way of raising money for y^e public exigences? One town wou'd say there was no need of building a Colledge; others wou'd say there is no need of Schools or ministers; let them that work Iron and cloath get their own pay; our highways will do well enough without repairs; y^e militia are good gunners already, there is no need of forts, and there is no war at hand, and we can do without Guns and ammunition a little longer; besides all they have rated our town too high. Wou'd not this be y^e common language? A precious little money wou'd be raised, I trow. Let me ask, if y^e People in our town meetings are competent Judges of y^e necessity and advantage of raising money for these purposes? You will instantly answer me, no not one in six. Can they have large and extensive views of y^e interest, of y^e essential and important interests of y^e whole state? No, perhaps, not one, thô many of them when they had met with other persons from all parts of y^e state, and had freely conversed with them might be good Judges afterwards. How absurd and impolitic then is it to trust y^e great affairs and interests of a continent, 1500 miles long and 1000 miles wide to y^e determination of 2600 men deputed from some little spots of 6 miles square y^e greatest part of whom never went further than y^e next market town perhaps, or at y^e outside to y^e shire town of y^e state and never expects to go again after his year is up, or if he does, it is only to get his 3s. 6d. a day without labour or at y^e most to have y^e honour of saving a small Tax upon his own town—and these men are not to meet altogether where they might, if disposed, get y^e necessary information to form a Judgment by,—but in thirteen different places where they have different interests, different leaders and different information. How much more ridiculous is it then, that all these men are to determine of y^e necessity of Peace or War—of y^e sums of Money necessary to be raised, of y^e best and easiest mode of raising it thro' all y^e states, regulating y^e value of money thro' all y^e states, of defining and punishing Piracies and felonies on y^e high seas and of Offences against y^e law of nations—when it is necessary and proper to grant Letters of Marque and reprisal—what are y^e rights and duties of Ambassadors, Consuls and public ministers, what are proper rules respecting captures where other nations are concerned with us in y^e capture or are interested in y^e vessel captured, what regulations of Trade may be carried into effect in other nations so as not to injure our own commerce. These and a thousand other matters respecting our intercourse with other nations and other great national concerns, must be determined by some Body of men with decision and be carried into effect too. How preposterous is it then for us to think of going on under y^e old Confederation where y^e several states or some of them wou'd hiss any Law that might be proposed on those matters out of Doors.

Now let us consider y^e new Constitution. Are there any objects, of Legislation in this, which were not left to y^e decision of Congress under y^e old Articles? Very few, save that of Regulating commerce with foreign nations for want of which we have suffered enough already—also to form a rule for naturalization Laws about Bankruptcies—fix y^e standard of weights and measures—to promote y^e progress of arts and Sciences—to prevent counterfeiting y^e Securities and current coin of y^e states, to provide for organizing, arming, disciplining and calling forth y^e militia on necessary occasions; to exercise exclusive Jurisdiction over 10 miles square of land where Congress may sit, if so much is ceded to them by any state to their satisfaction and such other places where continental arsenals are kept. Our People are taught y^e necessity of this provision for if a man of less penetration and decision had been in y^e chair y^e year before last—they would have lost their most useful and costly magazine. Is it not reasonable that these matters shou'd be done with uniformity thro' y^e states? Can these great objects ever be accomplished without making laws to bind all persons in y^e Jurisdiction? Who are to make those Laws but y^e Representatives chosen by y^e People at large every two years, and where an equal representation is provided for, and a Senate chosen by y^e state Legislatures, one third of which are to be chosen every two years. When Laws are made they are nonsensical unless they can be carried into execution; therefore it is necessary somebody shou'd have a Power of determining when they are broken, and to decree y^e forfieture in consequence of such breach. This shows y^e necessity of y^e Judicial Power—and an executive with y^e necessary officers are requisite for carrying those decrees into execution—and without all this y^e whole parade of making laws wou'd be idle.

That these parts, y^e Judicial and executive, shou'd be appointed by congress is necessary in order that y^e proceedings may be uniform and to prevent one state from conniving at or disregarding y^e laws made for y^e benefit of y^e whole. If they are to raise money they must have officers to collect it. These must be appointed by Congress or such men will be appointed by particular states as will shew y^e most favour—and look thro' y^e whole, I believe you will not find a Single Power given but what would maim y^e constitution if it was left out. Perhaps it may be said this will be an expensive Government. The Legislative will not be more expensive, if so much, as y^e present congress for after they have got matters a going properly, they may be at home half their time. The other officers must be paid it is true, but when we consider y^e advantages of a steady uniform Government with proper energy, I believe we shall find y^e Benefits purchased at a cheap rate. Perhaps some may say that this annihilates our own state Governments, and our own Legislatures will have nothing to do; but y^e Laws respecting criminal offenders in all cases, except Treason, are subjects for Legislation. We may increase, lessen, or change punishments for crimes as we think best, and make any act criminal or pœnal as far as Law can make it so at our pleasure. The regulating Towns, parishes, Providing ministers, schools, looking after Poor persons, punishing Idlers, vagabonds &c. &c. regulating Highways, bridges, fisheries, common fields &c. are also matters pertaining to y^e General court—but above all y^e great rules for regulating inheritances, descent of estates, Partition of them, last wills and Testaments, executors, Administrators, and Guardians are subjects for our own Legislation—y^e appointment of all courts, and y^e rules of Proceeding in them and of determining all controversies between our own citizens, Rules of Legitimacy, marriage and divorce and in fine all matters not expressly given to congress are still to be the subjects of our own Legislation to be carried into Effect by our own courts and officers. Over what things does y^e constitution give congress a Power only those of great national concern, which require a large comprehensive view and which, Heaven knows, our Houses of R-p-s-t-tives were never capable of comprehending or of judging whether they were acting right or wrong.—I write very freely to you, without any reserve. Y^e regard I have for my Children, my Kinsmen, my friends, my Neighbours, Posterity and my country, makes me bless God that those objects are likely for ever to be taken out of such hands, two thirds of whom were never from their fire side before, and never comprehended in their view more than their own farms and their own little private interest. I cou'd write a volume on this subject, but thus much must suffice for y^e present. I believe you are tired now as well as your affectionate

Kinsman and sincere friend and Serv^t

Nath'l Peaslee Sargeant.

[A COMPLETE LIST OF THE MINISTERS OF BOSTON OF ALL DENOMINATIONS, FROM 1630 TO 1842, ARRANGED IN THE ORDER OF THEIR SETTLEMENT.]

BY JAMES C. ODIORNE, M. A.

(Continued from page 136.)

TABLE LEGEND:
A = Order of Settlement.
B = Names of Ministers.
C = Denomination.
D = Churches.
E = Graduated.
F = Settled.
G = Died or Resigned.

(To be concluded.)

[COMPLETE LIST OF CONGREGATIONAL MINISTERS IN THE EASTERN PART OF ROCKINGHAM COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE, FROM ITS SETTLEMENT TO THE PRESENT TIME; TOGETHER WITH NOTES ON THE MINISTERS AND CHURCHES.]

BY THE REV. JONATHAN FRENCH OF NORTH HAMPTON.

(Continued from page 157.)

NOTES.

Exeter. "Exeter New Church," afterwards called "The Second Church of Christ in Exeter."[19] A considerable number of the members of the First Church seceded, and "embodied into a New Church, on a day of Fasting and Prayer, June 7, 1744." There is an error in several publications, giving 1748 as the date of the formation of that church. This error is found on the monumental stone of Rev. Daniel Rogers, in the graveyard, in Exeter. It is not strange that, in so long an inscription, there should have been, through inadvertency, an omission, by the engraver, or in his copy, of the word installed, immediately after the name. The words, Pastor of a church gathered in Exeter, should have been marked by a parenthesis. The inscription on the gravestone was copied by Alden, into his Collections, and thus currency has been, unintentionally, given to the error. Original documents show the facts in the case.

The causes of the secession, which issued in the establishment of a New Church in Exeter, were of a religious nature, but the presentation of them does not come within the scope of this work, and besides, we have not space for their discussion.

The Rev. Daniel Rogers was born in Ipswich, Ms., in 1707, and graduated H. C. 1725. He received ordination, without a pastoral charge, by a council, which met at York, July 13, 1742. The ministers of the council were Rev. Messrs. Jeremiah Wise of Berwick, Me.; Nicholas Gilman of Durham, N. H.; John Rogers of Kittery, (now Eliot,) Me.; and Samuel Moody of York, Me. Rev. Daniel Rogers "had been many years a tutor in Harvard College, was a pious faithful minister of Jesus Christ, and a worthy son of Rev. John Rogers, pastor of the first church in Ipswich, who died, Dec. 28, 1745, in his 80th year. He was a son of John Rogers of the same place, a physician, and preacher of God's word, and President of Harvard College, who died, July 2, 1684, aged 54 years. He was eldest son of the Rev. Nathaniel Rogers, who came from England, in 1636, settled at Ipswich, colleague pastor with the Rev. Nathaniel Ward, and died, July 2, 1655, aged 57 years. He was son of the Rev. John Rogers, a famous minister of God's word at Dedham, in England, who died Oct. 18, 1639, aged 67 years. He was grandson of John Rogers of London, Prebendary of St Paul's, Vicar of St. Sepulchre's, and Reader of Divinity, who was burnt at Smithfield, Feb. 14, 1555, first martyr in Queen Mary's reign." [Monumental Stone; Alden's Epitaphs.] Rev. Daniel Rogers died, Dec. 9, 1785, aged 79. When the Covenant of the 2nd church was adopted, it was signed by 30 males and 11 females. During Mr. Rogers' ministry, 22 males and 39 females were added. It is well known, that Mr. Whitefield preached a few times at Exeter. During the last week in September, 1770, he preached four times in Portsmouth. On Saturday morning he rode to Exeter, and preached to a large concourse of people, assembled in the open air. It was his last sermon. In the afternoon, he rode to Newburyport, where he died the next morning, on the 30th of September. He was interred on the 2nd of October. Of his pall bearers were Rev. Dr. Haven of Portsmouth, and Rev. Daniel Rogers of Exeter. "When the corpse was placed at the foot of the pulpit close to the vault, the Rev. Daniel Rogers made a very affecting prayer, and openly confessed that under God, he owed his conversion to that man of God whose precious remains now lay before them. Then he cried out, O my father, my father! Then stopped and wept, as though his heart would break; and the people weeping all through the place. Then he recovered, and finished his prayer and sat down and wept." [Dr. Gillie's Memoirs of Whitefield.]

The Rev. Joseph Brown was educated at Lady Huntingdon's Seminary, and was settled in the ministry at Epping, Essex, England, until he came to this country. When dismissed at Exeter, he removed to Deer Isle, Me., where he was installed, 1804, and where he died, Sept. 13, 1819, aged 57. From the death of Mr. Rogers to the close of Mr. Brown's ministry, in the 2nd church in Exeter, there were added fourteen males, and twenty-four females. During Mr. Brown's residence at Deer Isle, he was engaged in soliciting aid for some charitable enterprise. For that purpose he called on some of the people of Portsmouth. They received him kindly, and only objected that they had just been doing for this,—that,—and the other objects of benevolence. His reply is worthy of notice for the sentiment it contains: "I love to come among these have been doing folks." On the church book are the baptisms of his son Americus, in 1793; his son Charles Moulson, in 1794; and his son Daniel Rogers, in 1797. Rev. Charles M. Brown has been a zealous and useful Seamen's Chaplain. From the close of Mr. Brown's ministry, in the 2nd church in Exeter, to 1802, there were admitted three males, and nine females. There is then a chasm in the records, till Sept. 18, 1823, when a majority of the members remaining in Exeter, and they females, met at the house of Mrs. Martha Poor. Their proceedings are regularly entered in the church book, the last date being May 22, 1824.

They had no pastor after Mr. Brown. For a few years they had occasional preaching. They never formally disbanded; but most of them united, or mingled in the observance of religious ordinances, with other churches. Their meeting-house stood where Maj. Waddy V. Cobb's house now stands, on Front street.

A New Church was formed Dec. 24, 1813, which is now styled "The Second Church in Exeter." The ministers invited on the occasion by Letters Missive from "several members of the Religious Society, in the Upper Congregational Society in Exeter," were the Rev. Messrs. Porter of Rye, Holt of Epping, Abbot of Hampton Falls, Webster of Hampton, and French of North Hampton.

Mr. Hosea Hildreth, professor of mathematics and natural philosophy, in the Academy, and who was also a preacher, supplied the pulpit for some time. Mr. Hildreth was ordained in Gloucester, Ms., in 1825; and installed in Westborough, Ms., in 1834. He died in Sterling, Ms., his native place, July 10, 1835, aged 53.

Rev. Isaac Hurd, pastor of the present Second Church, was born in Charlestown, Ms., Dec. 7, 1785; graduated H. C. 1806; studied theology with Rev. Dr. Osgood of Medford, Ms.; and afterwards at Divinity Hall, in Edinburgh, Scotland; and commenced preaching in the city of London. He was ordained pastor of the First Church in Lynn, Ms., Sept. 15, 1813, resigned May 22, 1816, and was, by the unanimous invitation of "The Second Congregational Church, in Exeter," installed their pastor, Sept. 11, 1817. The sermon was preached by the Rev. Daniel Dana, D. D., of Newburyport, from 2 Tim. i: 7.

The father of Mr. Hurd was Joseph Hurd, Esq., of Charlestown, Ms., whose brother, Isaac Hurd, M. D., graduated at H. C. in 1776, and was a physician of celebrity, in Concord, Ms. The Rev. Mr. Hurd married, March 16, 1819, Mrs. Elisabeth Emery of Exeter, whose maiden name was Folsom. One of the sons of Mr. Hurd died in early childhood. His other son, Francis Parkman Hurd, graduated at H. C. in 1839, and received the degree of M. D. from the University of Pennsylvania, in 1845.

Gosport, or Star Island, is one of a cluster of eight small islands usually called The Isles of Shoals, composed of beds of rocks, partly covered with soil. They are about nine miles from Portsmouth Light House, and twenty-one from Newburyport Lights. Five of these islands are within the limits of Maine. Of these, Hog Island is the largest of the whole group, and contains about 350 acres. Of the three in New Hampshire, Gosport, or Star Island, formerly called Appledore, is the largest, and contains 150 acres. White Island, on which the Light House is located, is only one acre. These islands were visited, as early as 1614, by the celebrated navigator, John Smith, who gave them his own name; but they have long been called "The Isles of Shoals." They invited settlement, merely by the advantages they furnished for fishery. This business was prosperous, for about a century, previous to the American Revolution. The population varied from 300 to 600, employing a number of schooners and other craft. A meeting-house, previous to 1641, was erected on Hog Island, where the people from the several islands used to assemble. There was also a Court House on the same island. At a subsequent period, a meeting-house was built on Star Island, where the greater part of the inhabitants have resided.

Rev. Joseph Hull came from England, and settled in Weymouth, Ms., in 1635. He resigned in 1639, and afterwards preached at the Isles of Shoals. He is mentioned as "of the Isle of Sholes," by Dr. Cotton Mather, in his list of the first class of New England ministers. [Magnalia, Vol. I., B. 3.]

Rev. John Brock came to New England in 1637. He commenced preaching in Rowley, and afterward labored, a number of years, at the Shoals. He was esteemed eminently pious. The celebrated Mr. Mitchel of Cambridge said of him, "He dwells as near heaven as any man upon earth." Rev. John Allin of Dedham observed, "I scarce ever knew any man so familiar with the great God as his dear servant Brock." There were several remarkable coincidences between Mr. Brock's prayers and providential occurrences afterward. A man, whose principal property was his fishing-boat, and who had been very serviceable in conveying to the place of meeting the inhabitants of other islands, lost his boat in a storm. He lamented his loss to Mr. Brock, who said to him, "Go home, honest man, I'll mention the matter to the Lord, you'll have your boat to-morrow." Mr. Brock made the matter a subject of prayer. The next day the anchor of a vessel fastened upon the boat and drew it up.

The people were persuaded by Mr. Brock to observe one day in each month, as an extra season of religious exercises. On one occasion, the roughness of the weather had for several days prevented fishing. On the day of meeting, the weather was fine, and the men wished the meeting put by. Mr. Brock, perceiving that they were determined not to attend, said to them, If you will go away, I say unto you, catch fish if you can. But as for you that will tarry and worship the Lord Jesus Christ this day, I will pray unto him for you, that you may take fish till you are weary. Thirty men went away, and five tarried. The thirty caught but four fishes. The five, who tarried, went out afterward and took about five hundred.

Mr. Brock continued at the Shoals till 1662, when he removed to Reading, Ms., where he was settled, as successor of Rev. Samuel Hough, whose widow he married, and where he continued till his death, in his 68th year. For other particulars of Mr. Brock see Magnalia, Vol. II., B. 4, and Am. Quar. Reg., Vol. VIII., p. 140, and Vol. XI., pp. 176, 190.

Rev. Samuel Belcher, who graduated H. C. in 1659, was preacher at the Shoals in 1672. From 1698 to 1711, he was pastor of the 2nd church in Newbury, which became the 1st in West Newbury. He died in Ipswich, his native place, Aug. 13, 1714, aged 74. "He was a good scholar, a judicious divine; and a holy, humble man." [Am. Quar. Reg., Vol. VII., p. 259.]

Rev. John Tucke is understood to have been the only pastor ever ordained at the Shoals. The writer of this article has not been able to ascertain how the people were supplied, during the forty years immediately preceding the settlement of Mr. Tucke. Mr. Tucke was the son of John, who was the son of Edward, who was the son of Robert, who emigrated from Gorlston, Suffolk, Eng., about the year 1636, and was among the first settlers in Hampton, N. H. Mr. Tucke's ordination sermon was preached by Rev. Jabez Fitch of Portsmouth, from Matt. iv: 19—I will make you fishers of men. It is said that Mr. Tucke was furnished with a large library, and was, notwithstanding his isolated situation, extensively acquainted with the affairs of his times. He was one of the forty-five ministers, whose attestations, by letter, to the revival in 1743, were published. His remains rest in Gosport. The following inscription on his monumental stone, has been considered a just tribute to his memory.

Underneath
are the remains of the
Rev. John Tuck, A. M.
He graduated at Harvard
College A. D. 1723—was ordained
here July 26. 1732
and died August 12. 1773.
Æ. 72.
He was affable and polite in his manners;
amiable in his disposition;
of great Piety and Integrity;
given to hospitality;
Diligent and faithful in his pastoral
office, well learned in History and
Geography, as well as general
Science, and a careful Physician
both to the bodies and
The souls of
his people.

Mr. Tucke married, Nov. 26, 1724, Mary Dole of Hampton, a descendant of Richard Dole of Newbury.

Rev. John Tucke, son of Mr. Tucke of the Shoals, was born in 1740, graduated H. C. 1758; ordained at Epsom, Sept. 23, 1761, married, March 4, 1762, to Mary, daughter of Rev. Samuel Parsons of Rye. Love M., daughter of Mr. Tucke of Epsom, married Simeon Drake. These last mentioned were the parents of Samuel G. Drake, M. A., of Boston. Mr. Tucke of Epsom remained in that place till the time of the Revolution. While on his way to join the army as Chaplain, he was taken with the small-pox, of which he died in Salem, N. Y., Feb. 9, 1777, in the 37th year of his age.

Not long after the death of the Rev. Mr. Tucke of Gosport, the war of the Revolution commenced. The inhabitants were exceedingly exposed; business was arrested, and many left the Islands not to return. The population for the last half century, has varied from 66 to 103. The preachers who have resided there have also instructed the school, and have been supported in part, by the inhabitants, and in part by contributions from benevolent societies, and individuals. Near the beginning of the present century, Rev. Josiah Stevens was located at the Shoals. There was at that time, a comfortable parsonage house, and a stone meeting-house, which was also the school-house, on Gosport. Mr. Stevens was much respected and beloved, and very useful as a minister and teacher. He was born in Killingworth, Ct., about 1740. In mature age, he removed, with his wife and five or six children, to Newport, N. H. He aided in founding the church in that place, and was one of its deacons. He served two short terms in the Revolutionary war; and was in the battle of Bennington. A fellow-soldier spake of him, as a man of decided piety, who amidst the bustle of the camp, was constant in his morning and evening devotions. Immediately after the adoption of the State Constitution, he received a civil commission, and transacted much business, as a magistrate. He was often engaged in teaching. After commencing to preach, he labored for a time in Goshen. His father was Josiah Stevens. A son of Rev. Mr. Stevens, Maj. Josiah Stevens, was also a deacon of the church in Newport, where he died, in 1844, aged 81. He was father of Hon. Josiah Stevens of Concord, who was born in Newport, Jan. 28, 1795, and was in 1838 elected Secretary of State. His eldest son is Josiah. The Rev. Mr. Stevens died in Gosport, where the following inscription is found on his gravestone:

In memory of the Rev. Josiah Stevens, a faithful instructor of youth, and pious minister of Jesus Christ, (supported on this Island, by the Society for propagating the gospel,) who died, July 2, 1804, aged 64 years.

Rev. Samuel Sewall, who labored several years as pastor in Edgecomb, Me., removed in 1824 to the Isles of Shoals, "being employed by a benevolent society in Newburyport and vicinity, as a missionary, and continued in this employment until the time of his death." He died in Rye, N. H., after a short sickness, March 16, 1826, leaving the character of an exemplary Christian, and a devoted and useful minister. Rev. Origen Smith, of the Free-will Baptist denomination, preached there in 1837. Recently, the Society for Propagating the Gospel have employed Rev. A. Plumer as preacher, and Mrs. Plumer, as teacher.

Greenland. It is not ascertained when the church was gathered at Greenland. It consisted of nineteen members when the Rev. William Allen, their first minister, was ordained. He was born in Boston, Ms., in 1676, graduated H. C. in 1703; ordained July 15, 1707; died, Sept. 8, 1760, aged 84. Rev. Dr. Langdon, in his sermon at the ordination of Mr. Macclintock, as colleague, said to the people. "Let not your affections be withdrawn from him, who has spent his strength in your service; and now, bowing under his infirmities, is no longer able to perform his public work; but is preparing to leave you, that he may join the church triumphant. Remember he is still your pastor; and, tho' he cannot minister to you as formerly, he is still concerned for your spiritual welfare, pouring out his soul the more earnestly in prayer for you, as he sees the time of his departure is at hand." During Mr. Allen's ministry 293 were added to the church. In 1728, forty-four were added; in 1735, thirty; in 1742, thirty; in 1756, the last year of his active ministry, thirteen. Mrs. Eleanor Allen, his consort, died Jan. 16, 1734-5, aged 52; "an early convert, eminent for holiness, prayerfulness, watchfulness, zeal, prudence, weanedness from the world, self-denial, faithfulness, and charity." Mr. Allen is said to have married, for his second wife, Elisabeth Weare of Hampton Falls.

Rev. Samuel Macclintock, D. D., second pastor, was a son of Mr. William Macclintock, who came from the north of Ireland, and settled in Medford, Ms.; was a respectable farmer, the husband of four wives, the father of nineteen children, and died aged 90. His third wife accompanied him to this country. She was the mother of Samuel, who was born at Medford, May 1, 1732. He was religiously educated, from early childhood. His classical education, which commenced in the grammar-school, at Medford, was continued under the instruction of the celebrated Master Minot, at Concord, Ms.; and, afterward, under the preceptorship of the Rev. Mr. Abercrombie, a clergyman, eminent for piety and learning, in an Academy, near Northampton, Ms. Mr. Macclintock graduated at the College of New Jersey, 1751. Before the expiration of his senior year, he was invited, by Pres. Burr, to accept an appointment to a tutorship, which, on account of other plans, he declined. He was ordained at Greenland, colleague with Mr. Allen, Nov. 3, 1756. The strain of Dr. Macclintock's preaching was evangelical, serious, instructive, plain, and practical; his style manly and nervous; his delivery solemn and unaffected. His sermons were always the fruit of close application, and finished with a degree of accuracy, that few attempt, and fewer attain.

He ardently espoused the cause of his country; and was repeatedly with the army in the Revolution, in the capacity of Chaplain. Three of his sons fell in the contest. He had fifteen children by his first marriage, and one by his second. His last preaching was on the annual Fast, April 19, 1804. He died of a pulmonic fever on the 27th of the same month. His funeral sermon was preached by Rev. Dr. Buckminster of Portsmouth, from 1 Cor. iii: 22. The executor of Dr. Macclintock's will was directed by him, to place only a plain stone at his grave, for which he had prepared the last sentence of the following inscription.

"To the Memory of Samuel Macclintock, D. D. who died April 27, 1804, in the 72d year of his age, and the 48th of his ministry. His body rests here in the certain hope of a resurrection to life and immortality, when Christ shall appear, the second time, to consummate the great design of his mediatorial kingdom." [Alden's Epitaphs; Dr. Buckminster's Serm.]

Dr. Macclintock's publications were, a Sermon on the Justice of God in the Mortality of Man, 1759; the Artifices of Deceivers, 1770; Herodias, or cruelty and revenge the effects of unlawful pleasure, 1772; Sermon at the commencement of the new Constitution in New Hampshire, 1784; Correspondence with Rev. John Cosens Ogden, 1791; Sermon, The Choice, occasioned by the drought, the fever, and the prospect of war, 1798; Oration, commemorative of Washington, 1800. [Allen's Biog. Dic.; Piscataqua Evan. Mag. Vol. I.]

Rev. James Armstrong Neal, third pastor in Greenland, was a son of John Neal of Portsmouth, afterward of Londonderry, who married Mary Leavitt of North Hampton. Their other children were Moses Leavitt, Esq., of Dover, N. H.; John, superintendent of the Orphan house, Charleston, S. C.; Mary, wife of Maj. Gershom Cheney, of Rutland, Vt.; Sarah B.; Sophia W., who married Capt. Samuel F. Leavitt of North Hampton; Joseph, of Hampton; and Nathaniel P., of New Sharon, Me. Rev. Mr. Neal was born in 1774. He had a good academical education, and was some years preceptor of a young ladies' school, in Philadelphia. He was patronized by Rev. Dr. Green, to whose church he belonged, and under whose direction he commenced his theological studies. Although he had not been a member of any college, such were his literary attainments, that Dr. Nesbit, President of Dickinson College, conferred upon him the degree of M. A. in 1802. Mr. Neal received license from the Piscataqua Association. He was ordained at Greenland, May 22, 1807. The exercises were, Prayer by Rev. Peter Holt of Epping; Sermon by Rev. Jesse Appleton of Hampton, from Hag. ii: 6, 7; Ordaining Prayer by Rev. William Morrison of Londonderry; Charge by Rev. Timothy Upham of Deerfield; Fellowship by Rev. J. French of North Hampton; Prayer by Rev. H. Porter of Rye. Mr. Neal possessed popular talents, and died much regretted, after suffering greatly, from an organic disease of the heart, July 18, 1808, aged 34. He married Christiana Palmer, a lady from Kelso, Scotland. They had two sons. The oldest, John P., died Nov. 14, 1806, aged 2 years. Their other son, Joseph Clay Neal, has resided in Philadelphia, and is known to the public, as the editor of the Philadelphian; author of the Charcoal Sketches. [Piscat. Ev. Mag.; Alden's Epitaphs; Graham's Mag.]

Rev. Ephraim Abbot, fourth pastor in Greenland, was of the Concord branch of the Abbot family. He was born in New Castle, Me., in 1779. His father was Benjamin, who was son of Benjamin of Concord, who was son of Thomas, who was son of George, who settled in Andover, Ms., in 1647, and who is said to have emigrated from Yorkshire, England. Rev. Mr. Abbot of Greenland graduated H. C. 1806, and at And. Theo. Sem. 1810, and was ordained at Greenland, Oct. 27, 1813. The sermon was by Rev. Eliphalet Pearson, LL. D., from Matt. x: 16. Mr. Abbot married Mary Holyoke, daughter of Dr. Pearson, who, after he resigned his professorship in the And. Theo. Sem., resided in Mr. Abbot's family, in Greenland, where he deceased, in 1826. For some account of Mr. Abbot's missionary labors, before he was settled at Greenland, see "The New Hampshire Repository," Vol. II., No. 2.

Mr. Abbot's health becoming infirm, in consequence of a wound in his side, and not being able to confine himself entirely to the labors of a pastor, he became the first preceptor of the Academy in the place, established by George Bracket, Esq. He resigned his ministry, Oct. 28, 1828. The church, at his ordination, consisted of nineteen members. During his ministry thirty-seven were added. He removed to Westford, Ms., and took charge of the Academy in that place. His second marriage was with Miss Bancroft, daughter of Amos Bancroft, M. D., of Groton, Ms.

Rev. Samuel Wallace Clark was born in Hancock, N. H., Dec. 15, 1795, graduated D. C. 1823; ordained at Greenland, Aug. 5, 1829. His father, John Clark, was grandson of Robert Clark, who emigrated from the north of Ireland to Londonderry, N. H., in company with the early settlers of that place; though not among the first. Rev. S. W. Clark was the second of ten children, and the eldest of four sons. His brother, Rev. William Clark, was several years pastor of the 1st church in Wells, Me., and has since been extensively known, in his agency for the A. B. C. F. M. Rev. Mr. Clark of Greenland married Frances M., daughter of Dea. Robert Clark, for many years an elder of the Presbyterian church, in New Boston. She deceased July 12, 1832, leaving one child, Frances Wallace. Mr. Clark's second marriage was with Rebecca Elisabeth Howe, a descendant of the Pilgrim, John Alden. She is a daughter of Josiah Howe, M. D., of Templeton, and afterwards of Westminster, Ms. The children of Mr. Clark, by the second marriage, were John Howe, Lucy Barrow, and William Wallace; the last of whom deceased Aug. 19, 1846.

When Mr. Clark was ordained, his church consisted of twenty-eight members. In 1846, there were forty communicants.

[GENEALOGIES.]

[THE WOLCOTT FAMILY.]

INTRODUCTORY REMARKS.

Henry Wolcott was the first of the Wolcott Family who settled in New England. He owned a considerable landed property in his native country, which he held in capite, part of which he sold about the time he left England; the rest of the estate was sold at sundry times by himself and his descendants; the last remains were sold since the Declaration of Independence, by Henry Allen, Esq., of Windsor, who claimed it by female descent. From circumstances it seems probable that the family are of Saxon origin. Mr. Wolcott, to avoid the ecclesiastical hierarchy of the English Church, was induced to come into this country. He first settled at Dorchester, where he continued till 1636, when he came with the first settlers to the town of Windsor, and with four other gentlemen, namely, Mr. Ludlow, Mr. Newberry, Mr. Stoughton, and Major Mason, undertook the settlement of that town, to which they gave the name Dorchester. The towns of Hartford and Wethersfield were settled the same year, though the town which is now called Windsor was, upon the first emigration, by far the most considerable. Previous to this settlement on Connecticut River, one had been made at Springfield, under the patronage of Mr. Pynchon; and an earlier settlement, with commercial views, had been made at Saybrook, by Mr. Fenwick, agent to Lords Say and Seal and Brook. Those who settled on Connecticut River, in the year 1636, were united with the people of Massachusetts in religious and civil polity, and seem to have been much under their influence till 1638, when they adopted a civil constitution for themselves, and Mr. Ludlow was chosen their first Governor, and Mr. Wolcott a magistrate, then called an Assistant, to which office he was annually chosen till his death, in 1655. His eldest son Henry was one of the Patentees, whose name is inserted in the Charter granted by Charles II. Mr. Ludlow went to the West Indies, and left no posterity in this country. Major Mason, it is said, had no male posterity. The descendants of the others are well known in Windsor.

GENEALOGY.

Henry Wolcott, Esq., was born A. D. 1578; and on or about the year 1607, married Elisabeth Sanders, who was born in 1589. He lived in Tolland, near Taunton in Somersetshire, England, till the year 1630, and then to avoid persecution, came with his family into New England, and settled at Dorchester. In the year 1636, he went with his family to Windsor in Connecticut. Mr. Wolcott, Mr. Ludlow, Mr. Newberry, Mr. Stoughton, and Major Mason, were the five gentlemen that undertook the settling of the town. Mr. Wolcott was one of the first magistrates in the Colony of Connecticut; he lived in that post in Windsor, till he died, May 30, 1655. His wife died July 7, 1655, and she and her husband lie buried in one tomb in Windsor. Their children were

1. Anna, who m. Matthew Griswold and d. at Lyme. 2. Henry Wolcott, Esq., b. 1610, d. at Windsor, July 12, 1680. 3. George, who d. at Wethersfield, Feb. 12, 1663. 4. Christopher, who d. in Windsor, Sept. 7, 1662. 5. Mary, m. Job Drake, and d. in Windsor, Sept. 6, 1689. 6. Simon, b. 1625, d. in Windsor, Sept. 11, 1687; his wife d. Oct. 13, 1719.

The children of Henry, son of Henry, by his wife, Sarah Newberry, were

1. Henry, b. Jan. 6, 1643, d. in Windsor. 2. John, b. Feb. 28, 1646, d. in Windsor, Jan. 11, 1712. 3. Samuel, b. Oct. 8, 1647, d. June 14, 1695. 4. Sarah, b. July 5, 1649, m. Walter Price and d. at Salem. 5. Mary, b. Dec. 8, 1651, m. James Russell, Esq., and d. at Charlestown. 6. Hannah, b. March 8, 1654, d. Sept. 4, 1683. 7. Josiah, b. July 22, 1658, d. at Salem, Feb. 9, 1729.

The children of Henry, son of Henry, son of Henry, by his wife Abigail Goss, were

1. Elisabeth, m. Matthew Allyn, Esq., Windsor. 2. Abiah. 3. Henry. 4. Sarah, m. Charles Chancey, d. at Stratfield. 5. Samuel, d. 1707.

The children of John, son of Henry, son of Henry, by his wife, Mary Chester, were

1. John, d. 1750. 2. Charles. 3. George. 4. Benjamin. 5. Mary, m. John Elliot, Esq.

The children of John, son of John, son of Henry, son of Henry, by his wife, Hannah Newberry, were

1. Mary, b. Sept., 1704. 2. Hannah, m. Uriah Loomis of Windsor. 3. John, m. Mary Hawley. 4. Anne, b. Dec. 10, 1711. 5. Abigail, b. Sept., 1717. 6. Jerusha, b. Jan. 18, 1719, m. Erastus Wolcott, Esq.

The children of John, son of John, son of John, son of Henry, son of Henry, by Mary Hawley, were

1. Mary, b. Dec. 9, 1736, m. Abiel Grant. 2. Lorana, b. June 5, 1739, m. Jonathan Bement. 3. Hope, b. Dec. 29, 1742, m. Nathaniel Drake. 4. Benjamin, b. Oct. 26, 1744. 5. Anne, b. March 6, 1747, m. —— Vansant.

The children of Benjamin, the son of John, son of John, son of John, the son of Henry, the son of Henry, by Abigail Pinney, were