Adolfo Bioy Casares was an Argentine fiction writer, journalist, diarist, and translator. He was a friend and frequent collaborator with his fellow countryman Jorge Luis Borges. He is the author of the Fantastique novel The Invention of Morel.

Adolfo Ferreira Caminha was a Brazilian Naturalist novelist, famous for his polemical novel Bom-Crioulo, which deals with race and homosexuality.

Adolfo Atilio Gilly Malvagni was an Argentine-born Mexican historian and author of various books on the history of and politics of Mexico and Latin America. He served as Professor of History and Political Science at the School of Social and Political Sciences at the National Autonomous University of Mexico in Mexico City, where he taught from 1979. He was well known for his prolific articles in La Jornada, a major Mexico City newspaper. His research particularly focused on globalization and the Zapatista movement centered in the southeastern state of Chiapas.

Adolfo Pérez Esquivel is an Argentine activist, community organizer, painter, writer and sculptor. He was the recipient of the 1980 Nobel Peace Prize for his opposition to Argentina's last civil-military dictatorship (1976–1983), during which he was detained, tortured, and held without trial for 14 months. He also received, among other distinctions, the Pacem in Terris Award.

Adolfo Sánchez Vázquez was a Spanish-born Mexican philosopher, writer and professor born in Algeciras, Andalucia.

Adolfo Venturi was an Italian art historian. His son, Lionello Venturi, was also an art historian.

Adolph Davidovich Brodsky (Russian: Адольф Давидович Бродский, Adolf Davidovič Brodskij; 2 April [O.S. 21 March] 1851 – 22 January 1929) was a Russian violinist who later moved to the United States.

Freiherr Adolph Franz Friedrich Ludwig Knigge was a German writer, Freemason, and a leading member of the Order of the Illuminati.

Adolf Hausrath, a German theologian, was born at Karlsruhe.

Adolph Kohut was a German-Hungarian journalist, literature and cultural historian, biographer, recitator and translator from Hungarian origin.