Ilo Onysymovych Mosashvili was a Georgian writer, playwright and translator.

Ilsa J. Bick is an author of short stories, e-books and novels. She has written for several long-running science fiction series, most notably Star Trek, Battletech, and Mechwarrior: Dark Age. She's taken both Grand and Second Prize in the Strange New Worlds anthology series, while her story, "The Quality of Wetness," took Second Prize in the prestigious Writers of the Future contest in 2000. Her first Star Trek novel, Well of Souls, was a 2003 Barnes & Noble bestseller.

Ilse Aichinger was an Austrian writer known for her accounts of her persecution by the Nazis because of her Jewish ancestry. She wrote poems, short stories and radio plays, and won multiple European literary prizes.

Ilya Alexandrovich Altman is a Russian historian and founder and co-chairman of the Russian Research and Educational Holocaust Center in Moscow. He is also author of over 300 publications on the history of the Holocaust and the Eastern Front, many of which have been published in the United States, Israel and Western Europe.

Ilya Nikolayevich Berezin was a prominent Russian Orientalist, the major authority on the culture, languages and history of Turkey, Iran and Mongolia, the Meritorious Professor of Saint Petersburg University, who wrote both in Russian and French.

Ilya Maksimovich Devin (Russian cyrillic: Илья́ Макси́мович Де́вин; July 20, 1922, Sire Теrizmorga – November 13, 1998, Saransk) was a Mordvin writer.

Ilya Grigoryevich Ehrenburg was a Soviet writer, revolutionary, journalist and historian.

Ilya Isidorovich Fondaminsky, was a Russian author and political activist, in 1910s one of the leaders of the Esers party, in 1917 a senior member of the Alexander Kerensky's Provisional government.

Ilya Yankelevich Gabay was a key figure in the civil rights movement in the Soviet Union. Gabay, who was Jewish, was also a literature teacher, poet, and writer. During his lifetime, his works were published only in samizdat.

Ilya Vladimirovich Galant was a Russian historiographer, archaeographer, educator, and writer on the history of the Jews in Ukraine.