Lev Emmanuilovich Razgon was a Soviet journalist, a prisoner of the Gulag from 1938 to 1942 and again from 1950 to 1955, a Russian writer and, latterly, a human rights activist.

Lev Razumovsky was a Russian sculptor, painter, graphic artist, medal and toy designer, and writer.

Lev Semyonovich Rubinstein is a Russian poet, essayist, and social activist. He is a founder and member of Moscow Conceptualism.

Lev Shcherba was a Russian Empire and Soviet linguist and lexicographer specializing in phonetics and phonology.

Lev Romanovich Sheinin (1906–1967) was a Soviet writer, journalist, and NKVD investigator. He was Andrei Vyshinsky's chief investigator during the show trials of the 1930s, and a member of the Soviet team at the Nuremberg trials. In the 1930s he collaborated with psychologist Alexander Luria in researching the emotional reactions of suspected criminals, work that contributed to the development of polygraph testing. In 1951 he was arrested on suspicion of spying, one of the arrests associated with the Doctors' plot.

Lev Isaakovich Shestov, born Yeguda Leib Shvartsman, was a Russian existentialist and religious philosopher. He is best known for his critiques of both philosophic rationalism and positivism. His work advocated a movement beyond reason and metaphysics, arguing that these are incapable of conclusively establishing truth about ultimate problems, including the nature of God or existence. Contemporary scholars have associated his work with the label "anti-philosophy."

Lev Markovich Shlosberg is a Russian politician, human rights activist, journalist, historian chairman of the Pskov Oblast branch of Yabloko, and a member of its federal political committee.

Lev Alexandrovich Tikhomirov, originally a Russian revolutionary and one of the members of the Executive Committee of the Narodnaya Volya, following his disenchantment with violent revolution became one of the leading conservative thinkers in Russia. He authored several books on monarchism, Orthodoxy, and Russian political philosophy.

Lev Timofeev is a Russian economist, political commentator and novelist. The son of a high-ranking government official, Timofeev graduated from the Moscow State Institute of International Relations.

Lev Vasilyevich Uspensky was a Russian writer and philologist, known for his popular science books in linguistics.