Léon-Maxime Collignon was a French archaeologist who specialized in ancient Greek art and architecture.

Maxime Du Camp was a French writer and photographer.

Maxime Rodinson was a French Marxist historian, sociologist and orientalist. He was the son of a Russian-Polish clothing trader and his wife, who both were murdered in Auschwitz concentration camp. After studying oriental languages, he became a professor of Ge'ez at the École pratique des hautes études. He was the author of a body of work, including the book Muhammad, a biography of the Prophet of Islam.

Maximianus or Maximian was a Latin elegiac poet of the 6th century, who has been called "in some sort, the last of the Roman poets".

Maximilian Bern (November 11, 1849 – September 10, 1923) was a German writer and editor.

Maximilian Harden was an influential German journalist and editor.

Maximilian Alexeyevich Kravkov was a Russian writer, geologist and explorer of Siberia.

Colonel Maximilian Ronge was the last director of the Evidenzbureau, the directorate of military intelligence of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Ronge played a key role in the 1913 exposure of Col. Alfred Redl as a double agent.

Maximilian Schmidt was a German novelist and humorist.

Maximilian Osseyevich Steinberg was a Russian composer of classical music.